Download Unit 6 Learning Plan

Unit 6 Learning Plan:
I Can:
1. Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant
conditioning, and observational learning (e.g., contingencies).
2. Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction,
spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning.
3. Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, punishment, schedules of reinforcement).
4. Predict how practice, schedules of reinforcement, and motivation will influence
quality of learning.
5. Interpret graphs that exhibit the results of learning experiments.
6. Provide examples of how biological constraints create learning predispositions.
7. Describe the essential characteristics of insight learning, latent learning, and social
learning.
8. Apply learning principles to explain emotional learning, taste aversion, superstitious
behavior, and learned helplessness.
9. Suggest how behavior modification, biofeedback, coping strategies, and self- control
can be used to address behavioral problems.
10. Identify key contributors in the psychology of learning (e.g., Albert Bandura, John
Garcia, Ivan Pavlov, Robert Rescorla, B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman,
John B. Watson). Know what they found….
Self assessment-throughout the unit, from the beginning to end, rate how you feel
about your proficiency with each of the learning targets on a scale of 1-5;
1-I have no understanding of this idea or concept
2- I do not feel comfortable with this idea or concept
3-I have an understanding of the idea or concept, but I am not proficient
4- I am comfortable and proficient with the idea or concept
5- I am a psychology Jedi Master
I Can
Activity
Distinguish
general
differences
between
principles of
classical
conditioning,
operant
conditioning, and
observational
learning (e.g.,
contingencies).
Describe basic
classical
conditioning
phenomena, such
as acquisition,
extinction,
spontaneous
recovery,
generalization,
discrimination, and
higher-order
learning
CC Practice 1 &2,
Classical
conditioning
reading (3 of
them), Operant
Conditioning
practice, Operant
conditioning
chart,
Predict the
effects of
operant
conditioning (e.g.,
positive
reinforcement,
negative
reinforcement,
punishment,
schedules of
reinforcement)
Reinforcement
practice,
Predict how
practice,
schedules of
reinforcement,
and motivation
will influence
quality of
learning
schedules of
reinforcement
Psychological
principles of
learning,
Formative
Assessment
Summative
Assessment
Interpret graphs
that exhibit the
results of
learning
experiments
Provide examples
of how biological
constraints
create learning
predispositions
Describe the
essential
characteristics of
insight learning,
latent learning,
and social
learning
Apply learning
principles to
explain emotional
learning, taste
aversion,
superstitious
behavior, and
learned
helplessness
Suggest how
behavior
modification,
biofeedback,
coping strategies,
and self- control
can be used to
address
behavioral
problems
Identify key
contributors in
the psychology of
learning (e.g.,
Albert Bandura,
John Garcia, Ivan
Pavlov, Robert
Rescorla, B.F.
Skinner, Edward
Thorndike,
Edward Tolman,
John B. Watson)
Contingency
Model PowerPoint
(Rescorla),
Observational
Learning
(Watson),
This unit has an FRQ practice sheet (below), go through them all. We will
cover on how we will write them and practice them throughout the unit. We
will have an FRQ for every test from this point on.
Psychological Principles of Learning
Unit 6 Note guide:
“Learning is the eye of the mind”-Thomas Drake
I. What is learning?
II. How Do We Learn?
III. The 4 Premier Learning Theories
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning
3. Social Learning
4. Cognitive Approach
IV. Classical Conditioning in Detail
A. General Information
B. Ivan Pavlov - The Founding Father
C. Terms and Letters
• (S) Stimulus =
• (R) Response =
• Acquisition =
• (UCS) Unconditioned Stimulus =
• (UCR) Unconditioned Response =
• (CS) Conditioned Stimulus =
• (CR) Conditioned Response =
D. The Three Step Process
Before
During
After
E. The Rules of Classical Conditioning
F. John B. Watson’s Contributions
• Baby Albert Experiment =
1. Stimulus Generalization =
2. Extinction =
3. Spontaneous Recovery =
4. Discrimination =
G. Mary Cover Jones’ Contributions
V. Operant Conditioning in Detail
A. General Information
a. People: Green Box on the bottom of page 215. Be familiar with all
and the ideas of each.
B. Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
C. B. F. Skinner - The Founding Father
D. Operant Conditioning Processes / Terms
1. Reinforcement
2. Primary Reinforcement
3. Secondary Reinforcement
4. Positive Reinforcement
5. Negative Reinforcement
6. Punishment
7. Generalization
8. Discrimination
9. Extinction
10. Shaping
11. Chaining
E. Schedules of Reinforcement
1. Continuous Reinforcement
2. Partial Reinforcement
• Variable Ratio Schedule
• Fixed Ratio Schedule
• Variable Interval Schedule
• Fixed Interval Schedule
VI. Social Learning Theory in Detail
A. Definition and General Information
B. Alfred Bandura - The Founding Father
C. The Bo Bo Doll Experiment
D. 4 Processes Necessary for Social/Observational Learning to
Take Place
1. Attention
2. Memory
3. Imitation
4. Motivation
VII. The Cognitive Approach in Detail
A. General Information
B. Complexities of Conditioning
C. E.C. Tolman and Cognitive maps
What is Behaviorism?
Perspective in psychology that our thoughts and
behaviors are a result of either classical cond.,
operant conditioning or observational learning.
Generally, free will is an illusion. We are pigeons in
a cage.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Russian doctor – trained dog to drool to a bell.
What is classical
conditioning?
Learning by association. Dog associates bell with
food, so dog drools to bell. Explains phobias,
fetishes.
What’s Little Albert
experiment?
John Watson used classical conditioning to make
baby afraid of rat (while making a scary sound).
Baby generalized this fear.
What is stimulus
generalization?
In classical conditioning, we get conditioned to
respond to stimuli similar to original stimulus.
(instead of fearing just a white rat, L. Albert became
afraid of all white furry things.)
What is stimulus
discrimination?
We know better. Dogs may drool to a bell, but not a
gong.
What is UCS?
What is UCR?
What is CS?
What is CR?
What is acquisition?
The “acquiring” of an association btwn 2 things.
What is extinction?
The association goes away (dog doesn’t drool to bell
anymore
What is spontaneous
recovery?
Association returns for some reason. Dog drools
again to bell.
What is operant
conditioning?
We learn through reinforcements and punishments.
Who was B.F. Skinner?
Father of operant conditioning. Studied pigeons and
other animals. Famous for Skinner Box
What is reinforcement?
Anything that leads to an increase in behavior.
Positive reinforcement – money leads to
performance
Negative reinforcement – take away pain to extract
information
What is punishment?
Anything that reduces a behavior.
Positive punishment – give pain to reduce bad
behavior
Negative punishment – take away car to reduce bad
driving
What are schedules of
reinforcement?
Continuous reinforcement – reward every time.
variable - ratio reinforcement – reward
unpredictably (the best!)
Who was Albert
Bandura?
Behaviorist – famous for Bobo doll experiment –
social learning theory (observational learning)
Monkey see monkey do.
Instinctual drift?
Animals will revert back to their instinctual
behavior even if trained to do tricks.
FRQ:
1. The police chief of New City publicly states that she sees a direct relationship between
teenage arrests in New City for violent crimes and the popularity among New City teens of
especially violent television shows and video games. Definitions without application do not
score.
a) Design a basic correlational study to research this claimed relationship. Then,
address how learning is involved in each of the following design elements as they apply to
this study.








Operational definition of variables
Selection of participants
Two ethical considerations
Law of effect
Conditioned reinforcers
Reinforcement schedules
Extrinsic motivation
Albert Bandura’s research
b) The police chief concludes that
watching violent television shows
and playing violent video games leads
to teens’ committing violent crimes in
New City. Do you support her
conclusion? Explain your response
using the psychological research we
have investigated.
2. The Smith-Garcia’s are planning for their first baby. Both parents-to-be have
had a psychology course and are looking forward to applying the principles they
learned from theories and research that address child development. Definitions
without application do not score.




a) Summarize one main point or finding of the following researchers:
Pavlov’s classical conditioning
Skinner’s operant conditioning
John Garcia’s Taste Aversion studies
Rizzolatti’s mirror neuron’s and the theory of mind
b) Provide a specific example of actions the Smith-Garcias might take to
raise their child to produce positive outcomes using each of the theories or
examples below to address the corresponding psychological concept.
 Skinner’s operant conditioning: tantrum management
 John Watson: Protecting ‘Baby Smith-Garcia’ from dangerous garden
rodents
 Bandura: Observational Learning
 ‘Toddler Smith-Garcia’ doesn’t whine when it is time to go to bed
 “Child Smith-Garcia” enjoys reading books
3. Many people are concerned about the effects of the use of physical
punishment to modify undesirable behavior of children.
a) Basing your argument on psychological knowledge, apply each of the
following in an argument against the physical use of punishment. Definitions
without application do not score.




Modeling
Latent learning
Classical conditioning of fear
Learned helplessness
b) How would psychologists use the following processes to modify children’s
undesirable behavior?





Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
Biological predispositions
Token economies