Download Review Questions for Chapter 36

Review Questions for Chapter 36
1. All of the following slowed the growth of organized labor in
the post-World War II era EXCEPT the
(A) Taft-Hartley Act.
(B) rapidly growing number of service-sector workers.
(C) failure of Operation Dixie.
(D) reduced number of women in the work force.
(E) growing number of part-time workers.
2. In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman
administration did all of the following EXCEPT
(A) creating the President’s Council of Economic Advisers.
(B) selling war factories and other government installations
to private businesses at very low prices.
(C) passing the Employment Act, which made it government policy to promote maximum employment.
(D) passing the Service Readjustment Act, known as the GI
Bill of Rights.
(E) continuing wartime wage and price controls.
3. Which of the following was NOT a demographic characteristic of the post-World War II era in the United States?
(A) The vast expansion of the homeowning middle class
(B) A dramatically decreased number of American farms
and farmers, accompanied by expansions in agricultural output and productivity
(C) A massive migration of Americans from the cities to the
suburbs
(D) Substantial growth in the population and prosperity of
the Sunbelt region of the United States
(E) Urban-suburban integration of blacks and whites in
major metropolitan areas
4. Which of the following were NOT among the key decisions
made by Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill at the Yalta
conference?
(A) The Soviet Union would attack Japan within three
months in exchange for territorial concessions.
(B) The Soviet Union would sponsor free elections in Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania.
(C) Occupation zones in Germany would be assigned to
each of the victorious great powers.
(D) The Soviets and Americans would militarily withdraw
from Europe after a peace treaty was signed.
(E) A new international peacekeeping organization, the
United Nations, would be established.
5. One of the most significant structural differences between
the old League of Nations and the new United Nations was
that the United Nations
(A) did not attempt to include all the independent nations
of the world in its membership.
(B) gave a veto in the powerful Security Council to the five
great powers.
(C) did not try to address the question of colonialism.
(D) developed its own independent military force controlled by the Security Council.
(E) established a powerful independent executive branch
in the secretary general.
6. Which of the following best describes the implementation
of the containment doctrine, as developed by George F.
Kennan and advanced by President Truman?
(A) The Soviet Union should be gradually forced to surrender its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe through
American and Western European military support of
democratic uprisings in Eastern Europe.
(B) The Soviet Union should be prevented from trading
with nations in Africa and Asia.
(C) The West and the Soviet Union should seek to contain
the spread of nuclear weapons.
(D) Possible Soviet expansion into Greece and Turkey
should be blocked by providing firm but not aggressive
military, diplomatic, and economic assistance to these
two unstable European nations.
(E) The Soviet Union should be prohibited from joining the
European Community (EC) in order to contain and ultimately reduce its economic power.
7. Critics of the Truman Doctrine assailed it for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
(A) the Truman Doctrine was an overly sweeping and
open-ended commitment to interventionism that
could not be militarily or economically sustained for
the long term.
(B) Truman’s promise of unlimited support for any peoples
resisting communist aggression would be used by anticommunist despots seeking to claim American assistance against supposed Soviet-backed communist
insurgencies.
(C) the Truman Doctrine recklessly polarized the world into
pro-Soviet and pro-American camps.
(D) the Truman Doctrine construed the Soviet threat as primarily military in nature and did not emphasize economic assistance and development as an important
bulwark against communism.
(E) the Truman Doctrine would spark a revival of strident
America First Committee–style isolationism in the
United States.
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942B
Review Questions for Chapter 36
8. All of the following were characteristics of President Truman’s Marshall Plan EXCEPT
(A) the United States offered generous and liberal terms to
the Soviet Union in an effort to entice the USSR to accept Marshall Plan economic aid.
(B) Congress initially balked, but ultimately approved spending $12.5 billion over four years to assist sixteen cooperating countries in Europe militarily and economically.
(C) the Marshall Plan was a tremendous success in reviving
the anemic postwar economies of Western Europe.
(D) as a result of European prosperity sparked by Marshall
Plan aid, the Communist parties in Italy and France faltered during the immediate postwar years, and these
two nations remained solidly in the pro-American European camp.
(E) relatively little Marshall Plan aid was sent to so-called
less developed countries (sometimes called Third World
countries).
9. American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following EXCEPT
(A) strengthen the containment of the Soviet Union.
(B) help to reintegrate Germany into the American family.
(C) reduce America’s defense expenditures, since the
United States would now get help from Western European countries and from Canada.
(D) reassure Europeans that the United States would not
abandon them.
(E) strike a major blow against U.S. isolationism.
10. Which of the following was NOT true of the new Japanese
government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in
1946?
(A) The Japanese government joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in
East Asia.
(B) The Japanese government pledged itself to providing
for women’s equality.
(C) Japan was now governed under the principles of a Western-style democratic constitution dictated by
MacArthur.
(D) The constitution and policies of the postwar Japanese
government helped pave the way for a spectacular
postwar economic recovery.
(E) The Japanese government renounced militarism.
11. What political claim did Republicans make in the aftermath
of the communist victory in the Chinese civil war?
(A) China now posed a greater threat to the security of the
United States than the Soviet Union.
(B) The United States should force a showdown with China
over Korea.
(C) Japan should be given access to nuclear weapons as
soon as possible.
(D) Pro-communist elements in American foreign policy
had prevented nationalist Jiang Jeishi from winning the
Chinese civil war.
(E) East Asia should be given lesser priority in American
policy than Europe.
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12. Which of the following was NOT among the features of the
increasing domestic anticommunist uproar of the late
1940s?
(A) The Federal Bureau of Investigation successfully prevented the Soviets from stealing American atomic
secrets.
(B) Two American citizens, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg,
were executed as Soviet spies.
(C) The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC),
featuring Congressman Richard Nixon as its most
prominent member, conducted a controversial investigation designed to prove that Alger Hiss of the State Department was a communist agent.
(D) Conservative local politicians used communism to attack changes in American sexual and cultural values.
(E) Teachers and other employees in many states were
forced to sign loyalty oaths.
13. All of the following characterized the NSC-68 document
EXCEPT
(A) it reflected the American belief in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society to meet its
foreign policy and national security challenges.
(B) it called for a massive increase in military spending and
the militarization of American foreign policy.
(C) the Korean crisis gave NSC-68 the necessary political
impetus and political cover for its successful policy implementation under the Truman administration.
(D) in contrast to the multifaceted containment policy outlined by George Kennan, NSC-68 emphasized military
action over diplomatic and economic initiatives in foreign policy.
(E) the national security and military spending prescriptions contained in NSC-68 were embraced by the midwestern isolationist wing of the Republican party.
14. What caused President Harry Truman to relieve General
Douglas MacArthur of command of the United Nations
troops in Korea in April of 1951?
(A) MacArthur continued to lose crucial battles.
(B) MacArthur crossed the 38th parallel and entered North
Korea.
(C) The Chinese entered the Korean War after MacArthur
said that they would not.
(D) MacArthur began to openly defy Truman’s orders on
military policy in Korea.
(E) MacArthur announced that he would run for president
of the United States in 1952.
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