Download C12 Vocabulary Packet

Chapter 12: FORCES & MOTION
Learning Target
Vocabulary Word
Definition
Facts or Examples
Symbol/Picture
rate at which
____________ changes
In science, acceleration refers
to increasing speed,
decreasing speed OR
changing direction
A = final speed – initial speed
time
Lesson 1
I can describe the
motion of an object
as it accelerates . . .
acceleration
I can demonstrate
how to graph
acceleration . . .
You can use both a
____________________
graph and a
______________________
graph to analyze the
motion of an
accelerating object.
A slanted, ___________ line on
a speed-versus-time graph
means that the object is
____________________at a
constant rate. Your
acceleration is the slope of
the line.
Lesson 2
I can describe what a
force is . . .
force
a _______ or a _______
Like velocity and
acceleration, a force is
described by its _______ and
by the ___________ in which it
acts.
newton
the strength of a
_________ is measured
in newtons (N),
named after scientist Sir Isaac
Newton
A __________ line on a
time-versus-distance
graph shows that the
speed is ____________
I can describe how
balanced and
unbalanced forces
are related to an
object’s motion . . .
net force
the combination of all
the _________ on an
object. The net force
determines if and how
an object will
_______________.
The net force determines if
and how an object
will____________.
________ that two
surfaces exert on each
other when they
______ against each
other. Without friction,
a moving object will
___________ until it
strikes another object.
Without friction, a moving
object will not stop
_____________________________
_____________________________
Two factors that affect the
force of friction are the types
of _____________ involved and
how___________ the surfaces
are pushed together.
sliding friction
when two _________
surfaces __________
over each other.
Ex. Without sliding friction, a
penguin that slid down a hill
wouldn’t stop until he hit a
wall.
static friction
acts between objects
that _____________
moving.
Ex. A couch that is not moving
A ___________ net force
causes a change in the
object’s motion.
Lesson 3
I can describe friction
and identify factors
that determine the
friction between two
objects. . .
friction
fluid friction
when a _________
object moves through
a ____________
Fluids are materials that flow
____________ like water and
air.
Fluid friction is _________ to
overcome than sliding friction.
I can identify the
factors that affect the
gravitational force
between two objects
...
rolling friction
when an object
______________ across
a surface
gravity
a force that ________
objects __________
each other
Rolling friction is much easier
to overcome than sliding
friction.
Newton’s Law of
Universal
Gravitation
the force of __________
acts between all
objects in the
___________ that have
___________
The more _________ an object
has, the greater the
gravitational __________
between it and other objects.
Weight
a measure of the
_________ of
____________ on an
object
At any given time, your
_______ is the same on any
planet, but your ________
varies with gravity
Gravitational force also
depends on the
_________ between the
objects’ centers. As
distance increases,
gravitational
force______________
.
Lesson 4
An object at _________
will remain at rest
unless acted upon by
a __________ net force
and . . .
An object moving at a
constant _________will
continue moving at a
constant velocity unless
________ upon by a nonzero
net force.
Inertia
______________ to
change in motion The
___________ the mass
of an object, the
greater its _________.
Ex. Why you move forward in
your seat when the car you
are in stops suddenly.
I can state Newton’s
second law of motion
...
Newton’s
second law of
motion
an object’s
acceleration depends
on its _______ and on
the ________________
acting on it.
I can state Newton’s
third law of
motion . . .
Newton’s
third law of
motion
for every action there
is an __________ but
______________
reaction
Momentum
A characteristic of a
moving object that is
related to the ________
and __________ of the
object.
I can state Newton’s
first law of motion . . .
Newton’s
first law of
motion
Net force = mass x
____________
Acceleration = Net force /
_______
If one object exerts a force on
another object, then the
second object exerts a force
of equal strength in the
opposite direction on the first
object
Lesson 5
I can explain how
momentum is
determined and
conserved . . .
Momentum = mass x ________
Ex. 0.1kg x 40m/s = 4 kg*m/s
Law of
conservation of
momentum
In the absence of
outside forces the total
momentum of objects
that interact doesn't
change.
The total momentum of any
group of objects remains the
same, or is conserved, unless
outside forces act on the
objects.
I can describe the
motion of an object
during free fall . . .
free fall
motion where the
_______________ is
caused by gravity
Near the surface of Earth, the
acceleration due to gravity is
_______m/s2
I can describe the
factors that keep
objects in orbit
around the Earth . . .
satellite
objects that _______
around other objects
in _______ that follow a
curved path around
___________
Satellites in orbit around Earth
continuously ______ toward
Earth, but because Earth is
__________they travel around
it.
centripetal
force
A force that causes an
object to move In a
circular_________.
Centripetal forces
always point toward
the_________.
If you could turn off a
centripetal force, inertia
would cause the object to fly
off_____________________.
Lesson 6
Learning Targets Chapter 12
Lesson 1
I can describe the motion of an object as it accelerates . . .
In science, acceleration refers to _________________ speed, __________________ speed, or changing __________________.
I can demonstrate how to graph acceleration . . .
You can use both a _____________ -versus-time graph and a _______________-versus-time graph to analyze the motion of an
_________________ object
Lesson 2
I can describe what a force is . . .
Like velocity and acceleration, a force is described by its _____________ and by the ______________in which it acts.
I can describe how balanced and unbalanced forces are related to an object’s motion . . .
A __________________ net force causes a change in the object’s____________________.
Lesson 3
I can describe friction and identify factors that determine the friction between two objects. . .
Two factors that affect the force of friction are the types of __________________ involved and how hard the surfaces are
______________ together.
I can identify the factors that affect the gravitational force between two objects . . .
Two factors affect the gravitational attraction between objects; their _______________ and ____________________.
Lesson 4
I can state Newton’s first law of motion . . .
Objects at rest will ______________ at rest and objects ______________ at a constant ________________ will continue moving at
a constant velocity unless they are acted upon by nonzero ___________________________.
I can state Newton’s second law of motion . . .
The _________________of an object depends on its _____________ and on the _______________________ acting on it.
I can state Newton’s third law of motion . . .
If one object exerts a _________________ on another object, then the second object exerts a force of ___________ strength in
the ______________ direction on the first object.
Lesson 5
I can explain how momentum is determined and conserved . . .
The _______________ of a moving object can be determined by _______________________ the object’s mass by its velocity.
The total momentum of any group of objects remains the _______________, or is___________________, unless outside forces act
on the objects.
Lesson 6
I can describe the motion of an object during free fall . . .
Free fall is motion where the ___________________ is caused by________________.
I can describe the factors that keep objects in orbit around the Earth . . .
________________ in orbit around Earth continuously ______________ toward Earth, but because Earth is curved they travel
_________________ it.