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Name ___________________________ The Cold War - Study Guide Essential Knowledge: Competition between the United States and the U.S.S.R. laid the foundation for the Cold War. The Cold War influenced the policies of the United States and the U.S.S.R. towards other nations and conflicts around the world. The presence of nuclear weapons influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945. Communism eventually failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union leading to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia heightened demands for independence after World War II. After World War II, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. This policy included the development of regional alliances against Soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam. In India, British policies and India’s demand for self-rule led to the rise of the Indian independence movement, resulting in the creation of new states in the Indian sub-continent – India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Republic of India, a democratic nation, developed after the country gained independence. The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism. In the Middle East after World War II, the mandate system established after World War I was phased out. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East. Terms: 38th Parallel Ahimsa Battle of Inchon Berlin Airlift Berlin Wall Civil Disobedience “Iron Curtain” Cold War Containment Democracy Dictatorship Domino Theory Free enterprise Glasnost Hot spots Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) NATO Nuclear deterrence Perestroika Solidarity (labor movement) Soviet bloc Superpower Truman Doctrine United Nations Warsaw Pact African nationalist movement Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) Balfour Declaration Civil disobedience/passive resistance Containment Hot spots Indian National Congress Muslim League Pan-Arabism Partition of India Refugee Zionism Commune Cuban Missile Crisis Great Leap Forward Guerilla Warfare Gulf of Tonkin Korean War Marshall Plan NATO Operation Rolling Thunder Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) Gandhi, Mohandas Gurion, David Ben Ho Chi Minh Jinnah, Muhammad Ali Kenyatta, Jomo Mao Zedong Nehru, Jawaharlal Nkrmah, Kwame Palestinians Macarthur, Douglas Ho Chi Minh Mandela, Nelson People: Brezhnev, Leonid Castro, Fidel Churchill, Winston Gorbachev, Mikhail Kennedy, John F. Khrushchev, Nikita Reagan, Ronald Ben Bella, Ahmed Events Bay of Pigs Invasion Berlin Airlift Berlin Wall Collapse of Communism Cuban Missile Crisis Expansion of NATO Fall of the Berlin Wall Korean War Nationalism in the Soviet empire Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries Vietnam War Yalta Conference Chinese Civil War Creation of Israel Cultural Revolution Division of Vietnam Establishment of Chinese Republic Great Leap Forward Hot spots Israeli War of Independence Korean War Long March Religious conflict in India Reunification of Vietnam Rise of mass nationalist movements Superpower rivalry Vietnam War VOCABULARY: Read each definition, then write the correct term in the space provided next to the definition. “Iron Curtain” Brinkmanship Cold War ( Communes Cultural Revolution Détente Domino theory Marshall Plan NATO The Space Race Third World Truman Doctrine United Nations Warsaw Pact 1. ___________________ An internationals organization intended to protect the members against aggression 2. ___________________ Phrase created by Churchill to represent Europe’s division into mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe 3. ___________________ Foreign policy directed at stopping the expansion of communism 4. ___________________ Truman’s policy of financial support for countries that rejected communism 5. ___________________ Assistance program that would provide food, machinery and other materials to rebuild Western Europe 6. ___________________ A struggle over political differences carried on by means of short military action or war 7. ___________________ North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A defensive military alliance formed by western Europe, the US and Canada 8. ___________________ A defensive military alliance formed by the USSR and Eastern Europe 9. ___________________ The willingness to go to the edge of war 10. ___________________ Competition between the US and USSR to develop technology that could be use to explore and control space. 11. ___________________ Large collective farms 12. ___________________ A Chinese uprising whose goal was to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal 13. ___________________ The idea that the fall to communism of one Southeast Asian nation would lead to the fall of its neighbors 14. ___________________ Developing nations who were not aligned with either superpower 15. ___________________ A policy of lessening Cold War tensions The Cold War - page 3 VOCABULARY Continued Apartheid Camp David Accords Ethnic Cleansing Glasnost Intifada -- Struggles for Democracy Martial Law Mujahedeen Negritude Movement Oslo Peace Accords Partition Perestroika PLO Taliban Zionists 1. ___________________ The division of India into separate Hindu (India) and Muslim (Pakistan) nations. 2. ___________________ A movement to celebrate African heritage, culture and values. 3. ___________________ The Palestine Liberation Organization – dedicated to the establishment of an independent state for Palestinian Arabs and the elimination of Israel. 4. ___________________ The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country 5. ___________________ “Shaking off”; Palestinian campaigns of violence and non-violent resistance against Israel. 6. ___________________ 1993 agreement in which Israeli prime minister Rabin granted Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. 7. ___________________ In Afghanistan, holy warriors who fought the Soviet-supported government in the 1970s 8. ___________________ Conservative Islamic group that took control of Afghanistan 9. ___________________ A temporary rule by military authorities 10. ___________________ A South African policy of complete legal separation of the races 11. ___________________ A Soviet policy of openness to the free flow of ideas and information 12. ___________________ A restructuring of the Soviet economy by Mikhail Gorbachev 13. ___________________ A policy of murder and other acts of brutality by which Serbs hope to eliminate Bosnia’s Muslim population after the breakup of Yugoslavia 14. ___________________ People who favored a Jewish national homeland in Palestine The Cold War - page 4 The Cold War Web Why? Why did the cold war end? When? What years did the Cold War cover? Why? Why did this war begin? Where? Where did nuclear confrontation happen? Where? Where were the Hot wars fought? The Cold Who? Russian leaders? War What? What is this war about? Who? US Leader? How? The Weapons? What? What was the symbol of the Cold War? Who? Asian Leaders? Who? Africa & Mideast leaders? How? Who had The Bomb? How? What prevented the Soviet Union from invading Western Europe? What? Who started this war? What? Who won the war? Who? Latin American Leaders? The Cold War - page 5 7 Stages of the Cold War 1. The Causes 2. The Spark 3. The Turning Point 4. The Korean War 5. The Vietnam War 6. The Final Stage 7. The Effects The Cold War - page 6 PEOPLE & GEOGRAPHY –– In each box write the name of the leader. Nikita Khrushchev Brezhnev Mikhail Gorbachev Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Putin Pol Pot Ho Chi Minh Eva Peron Vicente Fox Fidel Castro Ayatola Khomeini Daniel Ortega Corazon Aquino Mao Zedong NEXT, draw an arrow to the correct region. Aung San Suu Kyi Benazir Bhutto Jawaharlal Nehru Anwar Sadat Yasir Afafat Jomo Kenyatta Kwame Nkrumah John F Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Ronald Reagan Douglas MacArthur Nelson Mandela F.W. de Klerk USA: (5) Asia (east and southeast) (7) Latin America: (4) USSR: (5) Middle East: (3) Africa: (4) The Cold War - page 7 GEOGRAPHY –– Use the map below to answer the following questions. 1. Which 3 NATO countries were not foundermembers? a. b. c. 2. Which 4 Eastern European countries border the “Iron Curtain”? a. b. c. d. 3. Which 3 Western European countries border the “Iron Curtain”? a. b. c. The Cold War - page 8 VISUAL LITERACY: Identify AND describe each image. Remember that there may be more than one possible way to answer the question. 1. 2. 3. 4. The Cold War - page 9 7. 6. The Cold War - page 10