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A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. Exists between two nonmetals. Nonmetels share electrons with other nonmetals to achieve a stable electron configuration When the electrons are shared a covalent bond forms between the two atoms Each nonmetal must have 8 valence electrons to reach stability Neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds. › The hydrogen molecule is neutral because it contains two protons (one from each atom) and two electrons (one from each atom). › A chemical formula can be used to describe the molecules of an element as well as a compound. The hydrogen element has the chemical formula H2. There are several ways to show a covalent bond. 1. In the electron dot model, the bond is shown by a pair of dots. • Dots represent the element’s valence electrons. • There are several ways to show a covalent bond. 2. In the structural formula, the pair of dots is replaced by a line. F F There are several ways to show a covalent bond. 3. The electron cloud and the space-filling models show that orbitals of atoms overlap when a covalent bond forms. Many nonmetal elements exist as diatomic molecules. Diatomic means “two atoms.” Determined by how many PAIRS of electrons two atoms share › When two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the bond is called a double bond. Hydrogen + Oxygen H O H H O H When two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the bond is called a double bond. › Oxygen + Oxygen O O O O When two atoms share three pairs of electrons, the bond is called a triple bond. › Nitrogen + Nitrogen N N N N