Download also known as an endocrine hormone.

Chapter 11
Endocrine System
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2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Endocrine Glands
• Glands produce secretions
• Endocrine glands make hormones
• Hormones use the circulatory system to
reach their target & the composition of a
hormone is a chemical substance.
• Do not confuse with exocrine glands, which
have secretions that go through a duct
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Endocrine Glands
© 2014 Cengage Learning.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Function of the Endocrine System
• Coordinate functions to maintain
homeostasis
• Hypothalamus
• Neurotransmitters
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More Functions
• Pituitary gland
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
More Functions
• Nervous control
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Pituitary Gland
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About the size of a grape
Located at the base of the brain
Connected to the hypothalamus
Anterior lobe and posterior lobe
Also known as the master gland
– It’s hormones affect other glands
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Anterior Lobe – Pituitary
• Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin
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–
FYI… A teenage athlete who wants to grow bigger and taller might be foolish enough to take
Somatotropin (a pituitary hormone)
Acromegaly is caused by over secretion of somatotropin in adults and causes enlarged bones in
the hands, feet and face.
• Androgens –stimulate body hair, facial hair, large muscles and a deep voice.
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Prolactin hormone (PRL)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Posterior Lobe – Pituitary
• Vasopressin converts
to antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) in the
bloodstream
• Oxytocin- when a doctor
induces labor, a pregnant
woman is given Pitocin, which
is a synthetic form of oxytocin.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Thyroid Glands
• Located in the neck
close to the cricoid
cartilage (Adam’s
apple)
• Regulates body
metabolism
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Parathyroid Glands
• Four glands the size of grains of rice
• Attached to the posterior surface of the
thyroid gland and nearest to the Larynx
• Maintains calcium-phosphorus balance
• Parathormone
• Parathormone and calcitonin
– Antagonistic effects
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Thymus Gland
• Both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic
organ
• Located under the sternum
• Decreases in size with aging
• Thymosin
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Adrenal Glands
• Located on top of each kidney
• Have a cortex and a medulla
• ACTH from the pituitary gland stimulates
activity of the cortex
• Cushing’s syndrome-disorder of the Adrenal Gland
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Adrenal Cortex
• Androgens
• Estrogens
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Adrenal Medulla
• Epinephrine or adrenalin
– Powerful cardiac stimulant
• Norepinephrine
– are released by the adrenal medulla and nervous system
respectively. They are the flight/fight hormones that are
released when the body is under extreme stress.
• Responds to the sympathetic nervous
system
• Fight-or-flight hormones
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Gonads – Hormones
• Female (ovary)
– Estrogen
– Progesterone
• Male
– Testosterone
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Pancreas
• Located behind stomach
• Exocrine and endocrine functions
• Insulin (also known as an endocrine
hormone.)
• Glucagon
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Pineal Gland
• Located on the roof of the third ventricle in
the brain
• Melatonin
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Other Hormones
• Prostaglandins (function in both the promotion and resolution of
inflammation)
– One of a number of hormone-like substances that
participate in a wide range of body functions such
as the contraction and relaxation of smooth
muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood
vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation
of inflammation.
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Pathologic=caused by disease
Physiologic=Something that is normal, that is due neither to anything
pathologic(caused by disease) nor significant in terms of causing illness
– Activity depends on which tissue secretes them
– Exact nature and function is being studied
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Effects of Aging
• Aging affects nearly every gland
• Blood levels of some hormones increase,
while others decrease
• Affects the homeostasis of the body
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.