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Precipitations Name: __________________________________________ Period: _______ Date: ___________ Essential Question: How do snows, hail, sleet, and rain form? One of the more common questions before a winter storm strikes usually centers around whether your area will receive snow, sleet, freezing rain, or a combination of all three. Meteorologist at the National Weather Service continually investigate atmospheric data and computer model forecasts, to forewarn you of any or all of these hazards. But what is the difference between freezing rain and sleet…and even snow? It all depends on the temperature, not only here on the ground, but in the upper atmosphere as well. We get just rain when the temperatures are above 32° throughout most of the air column above the surface. Snow is produced when temperatures are cold both aloft and at the ground. The snow does not melt as it falls, and temperatures at or below 32 degrees near the ground allow it to accumulate. Sleet is formed when temperatures is slightly above freezing aloft produce rain that freezes to ice pellets, as it falls into a cold layer of air. Sleet usually bounces when hitting a surface and does not stick to objects. However, it can produce a “sandlike” accumulation like snow. Freezing rain forms when warm temperatures aloft , generally several degrees above freezing, produces rain that falls onto a surface with temperatures below 32 degrees. This causes the liquid rain to freeze on impact to objects such as trees, power lines, cars and roads forming a coating or glaze of ice. Even a small amount of freezing rain on roads can create a significant travel hazard. ( aloft means great height ) http://www.crh.noaa.gov/eax/?n=pcpntype http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2013/11/22/freezing-rain-vs-sleet-vs-snow/ Clarifying Questions: 1. How do meteorologist at the National Weather Service investigate and predict the weather? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why do meteorologist take their job of investigating the condition of the atmosphere seriously? Think! _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What factors determines the type of precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What condition/s results to rain as the type of precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What condition/s results to snow as the type of precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What condition/s results to sleet as the type of precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How can sleet form “sandlike” accumulation like snow? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What condition/s results to freezing rain as the type of precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ Analyze the figures on the left and answer the questions on the right. 9. Describe the temperatures from the upper troposphere to the ground when the type of precipitation is snow. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 10. What is the freezing point of water? ( 0 F or 32 F ) _________________________________________________________ 11. Describe the tilt of our planet in space when it is winter. ( Tilted away from the Sun or Tilted towards the Sun) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 12. Describe the temperatures from the upper troposphere to the ground when the type of precipitation is sleet. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 13. What conditions make the type of precipitation sleet rather than snow? Think! _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 14. Describe the temperatures from the upper troposphere to the ground when the type of precipitation is freezing rain. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 15. Which layer of the atmosphere do weather changes occur? ( troposphere or Stratosphere) _________________________________________________________ 16. Which layer of the atmosphere do we find the ozone layer? ( troposphere or Stratosphere ) _________________________________________________________ Weather processes such as wind, clouds, and precipitation are all the result of the atmosphere responding to uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun. The uneven heating causes temperature differences, which in turn cause air currents (wind) to develop, which then move heat from where there is more heat (higher temperatures) to where there is less heat (lower temperatures 17. What causes weather processes such as wind, clouds, and precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 18. The uneven heating of our planet is because of Earth’s _________________ ( tilt on its axis, rotation) that results to temperature ___________________ ( inversion, difference ), which in turn causes ______________________ ( gravity, wind ) to develop.