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Name Date The Solar System Section 2 The Inner Planets Scan the section headings, bold words, and illustrations. Write two facts you find as you scan the section. Accept all reasonable responses. 1. Water is abundant on Earth. 2. NASA has explored Mars with satellites and rovers. Review Vocabulary Define robot lander to show its scientific meaning. robot lander part of a spacecraft that lands on another planet or other object Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New Vocabulary Write the vocabulary term that matches each definition. Earth third planet from the Sun; the only planet known to support life and the only planet to have temperatures that allow water to exist as a gas, a liquid, and a solid Venus second planet from the Sun; has a dense atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide and very high surface temperatures Mars fourth planet from the Sun; called the red planet because of high concentrations of iron oxide in the soil Mercury closest planet to the Sun; has a larger than expected iron core Academic Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define evidence to show its scientific meaning. Then use the term in a sentence that reflects the scientific meaning. evidence something that provides proof; The Mars rovers are looking for evidence of water on that planet. The Solar System 379 Name Date Section 2 The Inner Planets I found this information on page . FL SE, SE, pp. 955–956 RE, pp. 551–552 FL RE, pp. 123–124 Venus and Earth I found this information on page . FL SE, SE, pp. 956–957 RE, pp. 552–553 Summarize information about Mercury by filling in the blanks. 1. Relative size and location: smallest planet, nearest to the Sun 2. Surface features: rocky, covered by craters and large cliffs 3. Atmosphere: no true atmosphere Contrast Earth with Venus. Accept all reasonable responses. Property Earth Atmospheric temperature and pressure Temperature is moderate and atmospheric pressure is low. Both temperature and atmospheric pressure are extremely high. Presence of water Abundant surface water exists. No surface water exists. Presence of life A diversity of life is present. No life is present. FL RE, pp. 124–125 Mars Compare and contrast Mars and Earth in the Venn diagram. I found this information on page . FL SE, SE, pp. 957–958 RE, p. 553 FL RE, pp. 125–126 Venus Mars Both Earth Accept all reasonable responses. atmosphere with ozone layer thin carbon dioxide atmosphere seasons water frost near surface water exists in three states ice caps not known to have life 380 The Solar System known to have life Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Mercury (continued) Name Date Section 2 The Inner Planets NASA on Mars I found this information on page . FL SE, p. 227SE, p. 959 RE, p. 554 FL RE, pp. 126–127 Have students work in pairs to develop an illustrated time line of NASA missions to Mars. (continued) Accept all reasonable responses. Summarize NASA missions to Mars in the table. Mission Year(s) What Was Studied/Learned Mariner 9 1971–1972 orbited Mars; identified surface features, including long channels that may have contained flowing water, large canyons, extinct volcanoes Viking 1 and Viking 2 1976 photographed entire surface; lander conducted meteorological, chemical, and biological experiments on surface and photographed landing site Accept all reasonable responses. I found this information on page . FL SE, p. 228SE, p. 960 RE, p. 555 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. FL RE, p. 127 Organize discoveries resulting from each mission to Mars. 1. Global Surveyor: walls of Valles Marineris have layers 2. Mars Odyssey: evidence of water ice beneath thin soil layers in north and south 3. Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner: iron in crust may have been leached by groundwater 4. Opportunity rover: discovered hematite deposits (concretions) called blueberries that may indicate that water once existed 5. Spirit rover: deposits of hematite discovered; surface features photographed S YNTHESIZE I T Some rovers sent to Mars are similar to the radio-controlled vehicles that people use as toys on Earth. Describe features or special equipment you would include if you designed a rover to travel to Mars or another planet. Accept all reasonable responses. Cameras to take photographs of surface features, drills or cutting tools to obtain samples of rocks or other debris; weather instruments to track weather patterns and changes The Solar System 381