Download INTRODUCTORY GEOGRAPHY GEOG 1200 WINTER TERM Value

INTRODUCTORY GEOGRAPHY
GEOG 1200 WINTER TERM
Value: 12.5% of course grade
Time allowed: 1 hour
Number of questions to be attempted: 50
Answer all of the following multiple choice questions, using the IBM and a pencil. Write
your name and student number as directed at the top of the IBM sheet.
There are 50 questions. For each there are 5 possible answers, lettered a, b, c, d and e
to choose from. Choose the BEST answer and then against the relevant question
number place a pencil mark within the bubble at the appropriate letter on the IBM sheet.
NOTE: You must not make more than one mark for each question; multiple choices will
result in the question being scored "incorrect". You must ensure that any errors are
erased completely.
1. An air mass that contains a great deal of moisture and originates from 20-35 degrees
N would be designated as which of the following air masses?
A) cA
B) mT
C) mAA
D) cE
E) mP
2. An Arctic air mass differs from a Polar air mass in that:
A) Arctic air masses are colder than Polar air masses
B) Arctic air masses contains less moisture than Polar air masses
C) Arctic air masses originate from continental regions, whereas a Polar air masses
originate over oceans
D) Arctic air masses originate over Arctic oceans and nearby land, whereas Polar air
masses form over a distinct latitude zone from 50 to 60 degrees latitude
E) Arctic air masses originate over form over the eastern Arctic, whereas Polar air
masses form over western Arctic oceans
3. The cold front overtakes the warm front during which of the following stages in the
development of a wave cyclone?
A) early stage
B) open stage
C) closed stage
D) occluded stage
E) dissolving stage
4. The stage preceding the formation of a tornado is referred to as a ___________.
A) typhoon
B) mesocyclone
C) fujita
D) wave cyclone
E) depression
5. What are hurricanes known as in the western Pacific region?
A) hurricane
B) typhoon
C) cyclone
D) depression
E) wave cyclone
6. Which of the following features does the Simpson-Safir Scale not describe with
regard to hurricanes?
A) rainfall amounts
B) cyclone intensity
C) central pressure
D) storm surges
E) mean wind speed
7. At each level in a food chain or food web, energy is lost through:
A) decay
B) respiration
C) metabolism
D) net photosynthesis
E) gross photosynthesis
8. Generally, how much energy stored in organic matter at one level can be passed up
the chain to the next level?
A) 1 %
B) 10 %
C) 50 %
D) 70 %
E) 90 %
9. The amount of carbohydrate remaining after respiration has broken down sufficient
carbohydrate to power a plant is the:
A) primary production
B) net primary production
C) biomass
D) gross photosynthesis
E) net photosynthesis
10. Which of the following environments would have the lowest net primary production
on average?
A) reefs and algal beds
B) tropical rainforest
C) midlatitude grasslands
D) open ocean
E) freshwater swamps
11. Within an ecosystem, energy transformations occur through a series of levels
commonly referred to as the food web, within which plants and algae represent the
_______________.
A) secondary producers
B primary consumers
C) primary producers
D) decomposers
E) tertiary consumers
12. Within an ecosystem, herbivores would be designated as ______________.
A) secondary producers
B primary consumers
C) primary producers
D) decomposers
E) tertiary consumers
13. The space an organism inhabits and its function within an ecosystem is referred to
as its _________________.
A) habitat
B) ecosystem
C) community
D) ecological niche
E) tropophyte
14. A group of interacting organisms that occupy a particular habitat is a(n) __________.
A) community
B) ecological niche
C) habitat
D) biome
E) succession
15. Edaphic factors in the development of vegetation refers to which of the following
features?
A) pests and diseases
B) animals
C) soil
D) water availability
E) weather and climate
16. The positive interaction between species whereby both species cannot survive
without the other is referred to as:
A) succession
B) mutualism
C) allelopathy
D) predation
E) commensalism
17. The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby one
species is benefited and the other is unaffected is known as:
A) commensalism
B) symbiosis
C) mutualism
D) protocooperation
E) herbivory
18. Negative interactions between individuals of the same species is referred to as
_____________ .
A) interspecific competition
B) intraspecific competition
C) herbivory
D) parasitism
E) allelopathy
19. Succession that occurs on a site that has been burnt in a forest fire where remnants
of the forest remain is:
A) primary succession
B) secondary succession
C) tertiary succession
D) sere succession
E) disjunction succession
20. Which of the following features does not characterize low-latitude rain forests?
A) warm temperatures
B) abundant rainfall
C) seasonal shedding of leaves
D) high species diversity
E) tall, closely set trees
21. Which of the following types of biome is represented in the regions with
Mediterranean climates?
A) Subtropical needleleaf forest
B) Thorntree – Tall Grass
C) Tall grass Prairie
D) Savanna woodland
E) Sclerophyll forest
22. Which of the following types of soil particle is the smallest in size?
A) sand
B) gravel
C) colloids
D) clays
E) silt
23. The proportion of sand, silt and clay in a soil is referred to as the:
A) soil profile
B) soil configuration
C) soil enrichment
D) soil structure
E) soil texture
24. An acidic soil would have a pH of ____________; an alkaline soil would have a pH of
___________; a neutral soil would have a pH of ____________.
A) 4; 11; 7
B) 6; 8; 9
C) 11; 4; 7
D) 3; 4; 5
E) 10; 9; 8
25. Which of the following describes the order of soil horizons from the surface
downwards?
A) A, E, O, C, B
B) A, O, E, B, C
C) O, A, E, B, C
D) O, E, A, B, C
E) O, A, B, E, C
26. The development of a light-colored, mineral rich A horizon is the direct result of
which of the following processes?
A) illuviation
B) eluviation
C) salinization
D) humification
E) transformation
27. Which of the following soils is an example of a Prairie soil?
A) Gleysolic
B) Luvisolic
C) Regosolic
D) Solonetic
E) Chernozemic
28. Which of the following soils is an example of a soil that is frequently waterlogged or
flooded?
A) Gleysolic
B) Luvisolic
C) Regosolic
D) Solonetic
E) Chernozemic
29. Granite and basalt differ because __________________.
A) Granite is extrusive and basalt is intrusive.
B) Granite is intrusive and basalt is extrusive
C) Granite is an igneous rock and basalt is a metamorphic rock
D) Basalt is an igneous rock and granite is a metamorphic rock
E) Basalt is an sedimentary rock and granite is a metamorphic rock
30. Which of the following rocks and their metamorphosed forms is correct?
A) sandstone and slate
B) shale and slate
C) shale and halite
D) limestone and halite
E) granite and quartzite
31. When magma inserts itself as a thin layer between the strata of existing rocks
without disturbing these older layers to any great extent, it is termed a _____________.
A) dike
B) sill
C) stock
D) pluton
E) batholith
32. Rocks which are modified by heat or pressure or both are classified as __________.
A) sedimentary rocks
B) igneous rocks
C) plutonic rocks
D) metamorphic rocks
E) extrusive igneous rocks
33. Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust
A) Silicon
B) Aluminum
C) Iron
D) Oxygen
E) Calcium
34. Which of the following is a felsic intrusive rock?
A) gabbro
B) peridotite
C) basalt
D) andesite
E) granite
35. Which of the following is a mafic extrusive rock?
A) gabbro
B) peridotite
C) basalt
D) andesite
E) granite
36. Which of the following statements best describes felsic rocks?
A) high in calcium and iron
B) high in magnesium and iron
C) high in magnesium and feldspar
D) high in feldspar and calcium
E) high in feldspar and silica
37. Sediments accumulate in layers known as _____________
A) lava
B) strata
C) shales
D) sills
E) stratifications
38. Two large plates moving away from the mid-Atlantic ridge are the __________ and
the _____________.
A) Australian Plate / Nazca Plate
B) Atlantic Plate / Antarctic Plate
C) North American Plate / Juan de Fuca Plate
D) South American Plate / African Plate
E) Cocos Plate / Nazca Plate
39. The boundary between the crust and the mantle is referred to as the:
____________.
A) Inner core
B) Outer core
C) Asthenosphere
D) Lithosphere
E) Moho
40. The rocks of the oceanic crust are largely composed of ________.
A) ferrous metals
B) felsic minerals
C) granite
D) mafic minerals
E) silica only
41. The ________ is the soft, hot layer of rock located in the ________.
A) lithosphere/crust
B) crust/mantle
C) asthenosphere/mantle
D) asthenosphere/crust
E) crust/asthenosphere
42. The Nazca Plate is wedged between the __________.
A) South American and Pacific Plates
B) Pacific and North American Plates
C) Eurasian and African Plates
D) South American and African Plates
E) South American and Caribbean Plates
43. If you were to move from a continental landmass out to sea, in what order would you
encounter continental and ocean basin relief features?
A) continental slope, continental shelf, continental rise, abyssal plain
B) continental shelf, continental rise, continental slope, abyssal plain
C) continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain
D) continental rise, continental slope, continental margin, abyssal plain
E) continental margin, continental slope, continental shelf, abyssal plain
44. Which layer of the Earth is liquid and comprised largely of iron and nickel?
A) Inner core
B) Outer core
C) Lower mantle
D) Upper mantle
E) Asthenosphere
45. The location inside the earth where an earthquake originates is termed its
________________.
A) focus
B) orogeny
C) epicenter
D) face
E) mineralogic substrate
46. The correct term for a marine wave caused by volcanic or earthquake activity is a:
A) tidal wave
B) storm surge
C) pingo
D) tsunami
E) tombolo
47. Once solidified, a major mud flow emanating from the eruption of a composite
volcano is termed a(n)_______.
A) aa
B) lahar
C) nuee ardente
D) pahoehoe
E) caldera
48. A glowing cloud of hot gases, lava and pyroclastics which races down the slope of a
volcano during an eruption is termed a(n) _______.
A) aa
B) lahar
C) nuee ardente
D) pahoehoe
E) caldera
49. Rough, blocky lava associated with a shield volcano is referred to as _________.
A) lahar
B) aa
C) pahoehoe
D) nuee ardente
E) ash
50. The Mercalli scale assesses the ______________ associated with ____________.
A) depth of the focus / earthquakes
B) energy release / volcanoes
C) lava production / volcanoes
D) energy release / earthquakes
E) vibration /earthquakes