Download UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE- ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY:

UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE- ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY:
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How did kings justify their power? Answer: Using divine right
What were the 12 Tables? Answer: The Roman written code of laws
A system for controlling society is called a ____. Answer: government
A single ruler is known as an ____ _____. Answer: absolute ruler
What is a noble? Answer: a person that comes from the royal family, has a lot of money
What type of government is ruled by a small group of nobles? Answer: Aristocracy
When citizens directly make the laws… Answer: Direct Democracy
What is a republic? Answer: A government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions
What type of government is the U.S.? (not just “democracy”) Answer: Representative Democracy OR Republic
How many branches of government does the U.S. have? Answer: 3
Why is it important to have written laws? Answer: So that society is fair and everyone knows and follows the law
What do philosophers do? Answer: they question the world, use logic and reason
Aristotle believed that ____ maintains order and stability. Answer: law
What society believed that individual worth, dignity, and achievement were important? Answer: Greece
What is a tyrant? With whom does he share power? Answer: A person who takes power by force, doesn’t share power
What philosopher taught through questioning? What is the method called? Answer: Socrates; Socratic method
According to the Greco-Roman view, much about the world can be discovered using… Answer: Logic and Reason
What is a philosopher king? Answer: A king who is also a philosopher that uses logic and reason
What philosopher believed in philosopher kings? Answer: Plato
What happened to Socrates? And why? Answer: He was sentenced to death for “corrupting the youth”
What were the 10 commandments? Answer: the religious & moral code of law for Judaism and Christianity
Both Greco-Roman views and Judeo-Christian religion share an emphasis on the importance of the… Answer:individual
What is monotheism? Answer: the belief in one god
What is polytheism? Answer: the belief in many gods
Describe Judaism Answer: it is a monotheistic religion, Abraham & Moses= prophets, focus on morality (10 commandments)
Describe Christianity Answer: monotheistic, Jesus Christ is prophet & son of god, focus on morality (10 commandments)
Describe Islam Answer: monotheistic, Muhammad is prophet, focus on brotherhood, doesn’t believe Jesus is son of god
How were Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian beliefs different? Greco-Roman=Polytheistic, Judeo-Christian= monotheistic
The protestant reformation broke a large portion of Christianity off from what church? Answer: Roman Catholic
What did the Magna Carta do? Answer: limited the king’s power
31. As a result of the ______ ________, England became a constitutional monarchy. Answer: Glorious Revolution
32. What does it mean to be a constitutional monarchy? Answer: A monarchy where king shares power and must
follow the rules of the constitution
33. In 1698, a formal summary of rights called the ____ was created to guarantee these rights for people. Answer:
English Bill of Rights
34. What is the oldest document limiting a monarch’s power? Answer: Magna Carta
35. What is common law? Answer: law based on customs, tradition
36. According to the Glorious Revolution, a revolution is justified when… Answer: the government abuses power,
doesn’t respect people’s rights
37. Life, liberty, and property are all ___ _____. Answer: Natural Rights
38. When a country makes its government powers independent of each other, it is called ___ ___ ______. Answer:
Separation of Powers
39. Explain social contract theory in simple terms Answer: An agreement between the people and the government
40. Who believed in rights for the accused? Answer: Beccaria
41. Explain popular sovereignty. Answer: Power is in the hands of the people
42. What philosopher fought for women’s rights? Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft
43. What U.S. document was influenced by John Locke Answer: Declaration of Independence
44. Describe each Enlightenment philosopher and their ideas. YOU MUST DO THIS ON YOUR OWN!!!