Download Test Review on the Muscular System

Test Review on the Muscular System
Name_______________________________
*This test will be in two parts, the first part will be on the information in the guided readings and vocabulary of the
muscular system. The second part will consist of labeling the muscles of the arm, leg, trunk and face.
Answer the following questions below, which will be on part one of the test.
1) Be able to match the Muscle Movements with an example or description. They include: abduction, adduction,
circumduction, dorsiflexion, eversion, extension, flexion, hyperextension, inversion, opposition, plantar flexion,
pronation, rotation, supination.
2) Be able to identify the fascicle arrangements and label them. For example: circular, fusiform, convergent, etc.
3) Be able to label the structure of the muscle tissue including the membrane coverings.
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4) Which types of muscles are involuntary and voluntary?
Involuntary – muscles that are not under conscience control, smooth and cardiac
Voluntary – muscles that are under conscience control, skeletal
5) Where are the three types of muscles located?
Smooth – Visceral Organs
Skeletal – Attached to bone
Cardiac – Heart
6) What are two special functions of the muscular system?
Contractibility – ability to contract or shorten
Irritability – having the ability to respond to stimuli
7) Describe the insertion and origin points. What are the jobs of these two points?
Origin – attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during a muscular contraction. (Immovable bone)
Insertion – this part of the muscle is attached to the movable bone.
During a contraction, the insertion moves toward the origin.
8) What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendon – muscle to bone
Ligament – bone to bone
9) Describe anaerobic and aerobic respiration and what is produced from each.
Aerobic – occurs in the mitochondria, uses oxygen and sugar to produce energy (ATP)
Anaerobic – does not use oxygen, but produces energy and lactic acid.
10) What are the golden rules to skeletal muscles?
With few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint. (Some attach to facial muscles.)
Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed.
All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion.
Muscles can only pull; they never push.
During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin
11) What causes the appearance of striations and what is their function?
Alternating bands of actin and myosin, protein that allows the muscle to contract.
12) Describe the job of the prime mover, synergist and antagonist.
Prime mover – main muscle in contraction (Biceps brachii)
Synergist – helps prime mover (Brachialis)
Antagonist – opposite action of prime mover (Triceps brachii)
13) What are the four main functions of muscles?
Produce movement
Stabilizing joints
Generating heat
Maintain posture