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Name (print) _____________________________________________________ Block ________ Propaganda Chart: Animal Farm Propaganda refers to the deliberate attempt to influence a mass audience to act or think a certain way. The intent is persuasion and sometimes deception. Techniques of propaganda are often used in advertising. Directions: Using notes over persuasive techniques, define the following terms and give examples of them from Animal Farm. Technique Definition Example from Animal Farm Fallacies: Attacking the Person Circular Reasoning False Cause & Effect Hasty Generalization 1 Name (print) _____________________________________________________ Block ________ Propaganda Chart: Animal Farm Technique Definition Example from Animal Farm Emotional Appeals: Loaded Words Powerful Images Just as the propagandist can use loaded words, he can also use certain images that are loaded with powerful emotional associations. For example, such images as gardens, rainbows, and sunshine make people feel good while others like darkness or famine make them afraid. 2 Name (print) _____________________________________________________ Block ________ Propaganda Chart: Animal Farm Technique Band Wagon Testimonial Appealing to Fear Definition Example from Animal Farm A powerful technique of persuasion is to play on someone's fears. Such a message says, in effect, that if the audience does not do a certain thing, that something they fear will happen. All humans need food, drink, clothing, and shelter in order to survive. We Appealing to Basic Needs & also have emotional needs such as to Desires be loved and cared for or to have a sense of self-esteem. 3 Name (print) _____________________________________________________ Block ________ Propaganda Chart: Animal Farm Technique Definition Slogans A catchy slogan is more easily remembered than a complicated and perhaps more accurate explanation. Repetition If a propagandist repeats a statement often enough, then it will eventually be accepted by the audience. Selection Out of a mass of complex facts, a propagandist selects only those which are suitable for his purpose. Lying Falsehood is frequently a major tool of propaganda. In 1917, a California senator named Hiram Warren Johnson said “the first casualty when war comes is the truth.” Truth is often a casualty of in any kind of propaganda because the propagandist wants the audience's support at any cost. Example from Animal Farm 4 Name (print) _____________________________________________________ Block ________ Propaganda Chart: Animal Farm Technique Definition Rhetorical Questions This is the term used to describe questions which do not require an answer from the audience. When the audience hears a rhetorical question, they know it's going to be answered by the propagandist. In other words, they don't have to think; they submit to someone else's authority. Pinpointing the Enemy Putting forward a message which identifies an enemy, real or imagined, can help the propagandist. Such attitudes give solidarity to the members of the audience and direct their aggression outwards. For example, Hitler's attacks against Jews capitalized on this technique. Assertion The propagandist rarely develops a logical argument but makes bold statements to defend a case like “Better dead than red.” (“red” = communist) Example from Animal Farm 5