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Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
Transcription
and
Translation
Transcription
(Synthesize RNA)
Translation
(Use the RNA to
synthesize Proteins)
First Step
Transcription
(Synthesize RNA)
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A|
U|
C|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
U|
C-G
A-T
C|
TA
TA
CG
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
AGGCCATTC-
T
C
C
G
A|
U|
G
T
A
A
G
C|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
CG
AT
C|
TA
TA
CG
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
CG
AT
C|
TA
TA
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
CG
AT
C|
TA
T - A|
A
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
CG
AT
C|
T - A|
A
T - A|
A
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
CG
A - U| T
C|
T - A|
A
T - A|
A
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
U|
C - G| G
A - U| T
C|
T - A|
A
T - A|
A
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
C - G| G
U|
C - G| G
A - U| T
C|
T - A|
A
T - A|
A
C - G|
G
A|
C|
G|
U|
A|
G|
RNA Polymerase
A- T
G- C
G- C
CG
CG
AT
TA
TA
CG
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Transcription is done.
Translation is starting.
But First…
Questions to answer…
1) Which enzymes are used in
Transcription?
What is their function?
2) Where in the cell does
Transcription take place?
3) During which part of the
cell cycle does Transcription
take place?
… Why?
4) What is the end result of
Transcription?
5) Why is Transcription
necessary for the cell?
6) Where do the the RNA
nucleotides come from?
7) What is different from the
DNA nucleotides and the
RNA nucleotides?
8) How is DNA structurally
different from RNA?
9) What are the different
types of RNA that are
transcribed?
What are they used for?
Now…
Translation
(Protein Synthesis)
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
Anti-Codon (tRNA)
Codon (mRNA)
Glutamic Acid (AA)
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Trp
ACC
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Trp
ACC
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
Anti-Codon (tRNA)
Codon (mRNA)
Tryptophan (AA)
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Trp
ACC
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Trp
ACC
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Trp
ACC
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
Anti-Codon (tRNA)
Codon (mRNA)
Proline (AA)
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
A-T
G-C
G-C
C-G
C-G
A-T
T-A
T-A
C-G
Pro
GGA
G-A-A-U-G-G-C-C -U
Codons that translate for specific Amino Acids
(or Start and Stop codes)
Translation is done.
Now…
Questions to answer…
1) What is the end result of
Translation?
2) Where does Translation
take place in the cell?
3) During which part of the
cell cycle does
Translation take place?
4) What is the monomer of
proteins?
5) Where are excess protein
monomers found in the
cell?
6) How are the protein
monomers bonded to
each other?
7) How many different
amino acids do humans
need to make proteins?
8) How many of the amino
acids are “essential”…
we can’t make them, we
must get them in our
diet?
9) What is a “codon”?
10) What is an “anti-codon”?
11) Where does mRNA come
from and what’s its
function?
12) Where does tRNA come
from and what’s its
function?
Done
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