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Introductions Joe Spoor 1st year STP trainee Lauren Slater 1st year STP trainee Grace Keane 3rd year STP trainee Dr Darren Thompson 3rd year STP trainee Dr Emma Bowers Training Coordinator Talk about: NTC Blended learning Master’s Programme Radiation Safety Grace Keane Trainee Clinical Scientist Medical Physics Contents • About Me • Radiation Safety – – – – Radiation safety then and now Competencies Radiation Risks Patient Dose audit About Me University of York (2010 – 2013) BSc Hons Physics •Talk given by an STP Trainee •Background reading on the scheme •Open days •2 weeks work experience at Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust •Recruited onto STP as a medical physics trainee at Newcastle •Started training in September 2013 •Completed the first 6 week teaching block at Newcastle University •In the midst of my second rotation Radiation Safety ‘3 million CT scans per year…’ Cancer risks from DR, The British Journal of Radiology, 81 (2008), 362–378 Radiation Safety Radiation Safety Competencies •Undertake room design from first principles for a diagnostic X-ray facility and surgical laser facility •Identify and plan an exercise to rehearse contingency plans (e.g. contamination incident, loss of source). •Undertake measurements to assess patient dose and image quality •Analyse recent radiation incidents and summarise the types and causes of incidents Radiation Risks Average annual risk of death in the UK from accidents in various industries and cancers Potentially induced in radiation workers Industries Risk of death per year Fishing 1 in 800 Construction 1 in 10,000 Clothing and Footwear 1 in 250,000 Coal Mining 1 in 6000 Radiation workers 1 in 57,000 Patient Dose Audit ‘ Participate in or review patient dose audit data and compare and contrast against national standards …’ Patient Dose Audit Thanks for listening & Good luck! Imaging with Ionising Radiation (IIR) Joe Spoor Who am I? • I am a 1st year Scientist Training Programme (STP) trainee • I am 30 years old and prior to joining the STP was a physics teacher for 7 years • Medical physics has the right blend of the application of physics and benefit to the public Day-to-Day on placement* Do something medical physic-sy that is related to one or more competency * Advisory note – you have to do a few other bits and bobs as well e.g. write university essays Write it up Submit it to OLAT to get it “signed off” Imaging with Ionising Radiation: Nuclear Medicine • Nuclear Medicine involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the body and using a gamma camera to record where they go • Functional imaging produces images that indicate the biological processes in the body • Treatments can also be administered in Nuclear Medicine e.g. Iodine can be used to treat thyroid cancer Examples of rotation activities (nuclear medicine): Preparing radioactive samples: Write case studies of patient scans: Investigating gamma camera parameters using various phantoms: Perform quality control (QC) testing on equipment: Imaging with Ionising Radiation: Diagnostic Radiology • Diagnostic Radiology is basically imaging using x-rays • You can use contrast agents to image soft tissue • CT scanners generate images of slices through the body • Combining Nuclear Medicine and CT produces fancy PET/CT images Examples of rotation activities (diagnostic radiology): Consider safety, e.g. x-ray room design: Performing QC on equipment: Investigating settings on imaging quality: Radiotherapy Darren Thompson 3rd year STP Trainee Radiotherapy Physics My background • BSc Physics w/ Astrophysics • MSc Medical Physics • PhD Medical Image Processing – Included hospital experience What is Radiotherapy? Cell Death Repair Carcinogenesis Radiobiology 1.E+00 1.2 d/# = 2 Gy 1.E-01 1 Fractionated 1.E-02 Survival Probability Probability 0.8 Single dose Tumour Control 1.E-03 0.6 Normal Tissue Complications 1.E-04 0.4 1.E-05 tumour/early --------- 0.2 normal/late ________ 0.0 𝑆𝐹 =𝑆𝐹 𝑒 −𝐷(𝛼+𝛽𝑑) =40.0𝑒 −𝐷(𝛼+𝛽𝑑) 20.0 60.0 1.E-07 Dose [Gy] 1.E-06 0 0 2 4 6 8 80.0 10 12 Dose (Gy) 100.0 14 120.0 16 18 20 Planning and Delivering Radiotherapy Machines Proton and Heavy ion therapies