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Cornell Notes: Digestion Function 1. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. To breakdown food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells. 2. Remove waste from body Major Structures - Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and large intestine, Pancreas, liver 2. STEPS IN DIGESTION 1. 2. 3. 4. Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination 3. THE PROCESS OF DIGESTION Digestion involves both mechanical (physical break down) and chemical (breaking down using enzymes) I. Ingestion- Physically putting food in mouth 2. Digestion A. Begins in the mouth Mechanical- Teeth break down food into smaller pieces. Chemical - Enzymes (amylase) breaks down starch into glucose. 3. THE PROCESS OF DIGESTION B. Food and saliva (Bolus) go down the throat and enter the food tube (esophagus) Mechanical - Muscles push the food down the esophagus (peristalsis) C. Food enters the stomach Mechanical- Muscles contract to mix stomach fluid and food Chemical - Enzymes break down proteins Acid kills bacteria The liver produces bile that helps break down fat full of dead red blood cells 3. Absorption The majority of chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine. Pancreas releases majority of enzymes. 3. THE PROCESS OF DIGESTION 4. Elimination A. The large intestine (Colon) Removes water from undigested food. B. Defecation The remaining waste (feces) is moved through the rectum and removed from the body. 4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS Ulcer - Acid from stomach damages the lining of the stomach. Diarrhea - Not enough water is absorbed by the large intestine. Constipation- Too much water is removed from large intestine. mouth !break up food !digest starch !kill germs !moisten food liver !produces bile - stored in gall bladder !break up fats pancreas !produces enzymes to digest proteins & carbs appendix Regents Biology! stomach !kills germs !break up food !digest proteins !store food small intestines !breakdown food - proteins - starch - fats !absorb nutrients large intestines absorb water