Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Very Short Introductions online You are looking at 61-70 of 79 items for: keyword : security NeoliberalismA Very Short Introduction Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy Print Publication Year: 2010 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780199560516 eISBN: 9780191777448 Item type: book Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199560516.001.0001 Neoliberalism: A Very Short Introduction explores the major political, economic, and social dimensions of neoliberalism. From its heyday in the late 1990s when it became the world's dominant economic policy, neoliberalism has suffered a major setback with the financial crisis. Who have been the key thinkers and political advocates of neoliberalism? Is neoliberalism doomed or will it regain its former ascendance? Is there a viable alternative to neoliberalism? This VSI examines these questions as it explores the origins, core claims, and the different ideas and leaders at the heart of one of the most debated ‘isms’ of our time. 2. First-wave neoliberalism in the 1980s: Reaganomics and Thatcherism Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy Print Publication Year: 2010 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780199560516 eISBN: 9780191777448 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199560516.003.0002 Neoliberalism is associated with US President Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the UK. #x2018;First-Wave Neoliberalism in the 1980s: Reaganomics and Thatcherism’ charts their resolve to stand by the principles of neoliberalism even in the face of challenges from their own supporters. The course of neoliberalism under Reagan and Thatcher and in particular the regulatory reforms that focused on fiscal policy and Reagan's commitment to ‘New Federalism’ are examined. They also shared a neoconservative approach to foreign relations and the impact of this is considered in the context of the Cold War. 5. Neoliberalism in Latin America and Africa Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy Print Publication Year: 2010 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780199560516 eISBN: 9780191777448 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199560516.003.0005 ‘Neoliberalism in Latin America and Africa’ examines the impact of the Washington Consensus on Latin America and Africa. This reveals similar patterns and outcomes. Page 1 of 4 date: 17 June 2017 Market-oriented reform in this region is needed to produce sustained economic growth and to lift may millions of people out of poverty. The IMF and World Bank linked their financial assistance to structural assistance programmes anchored in a single economic prescription. As the examples of Chile, Argentina, and Ghana show however, not all markets work in exactly the same way and seeking structural reforms to achieve this requires rethinking of these strategies. 3. The fundamentals of financial accounting Christopher Nobes Print Publication Year: 2014 Published Online: Mar 2014 ISBN: 9780199684311 eISBN: 9780191779879 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199684311.003.0003 ‘The fundamentals of financial accounting’ explores the basic ideas of financial accounting: the way accounting actually works, the logic behind the double-entry recording system, and the contents of the basic financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement). The following questions are addressed: What does a balance sheet try to show? Why does it balance? How is it that any one transaction has two accounting effects? Which costs lead to assets and which lead to expenses? How do cash flows fit in? How can a profitable company go bust because of a lack of cash? The European UnionA Very Short Introduction John Pinder and Simon Usherwood Print Publication Year: 2013 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780199681693 eISBN: 9780191778377 Item type: book Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199681693.001.0001 Illustrating how and why the EU has developed from 1950 to the present day, The European Union: A Very Short Introduction covers a range of topics, including the Union's early history, the workings of its institutions and what they do, the interplay between ‘eurosceptics’ and federalists, and the role of the Union beyond Europe in international affairs and as a peace-keeper. It examines the Lisbon treaty, the EU fiscal crisis, the state of the single Euro currency in its wake, and concludes by considering the future of the Union and the choices and challenges that may lay ahead. 2. How the EU was made Usherwood Pindar Print Publication Year: 2013 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780199681693 eISBN: 9780191778377 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780199681693.003.0002 ‘How the EU was made’ examines how interests and events combined to bring about the development of the European Community and looks at the founding treaties. The Single European Act provided for completion of the single market by 1992. It strengthened Page 2 of 4 date: 17 June 2017 both the Community's powers and its institutions. It was succeeded by the Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice, and Lisbon treaties, likewise strengthening both powers and institutions, and responding to similar combinations of pressures. The prospect of the single market helped to revive the economy, and the Community institutions gained in strength as they dealt with a vast programme of legislation. 3. A legal right Raymond Wacks Print Publication Year: 2015 Published Online: Mar 2015 ISBN: 9780198725947 eISBN: 9780191792915 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780198725947.003.0003 Privacy is acknowledged as an essential human right, recognized by a number of international declarations, among which the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are the most significant. Interpreting these provisions, the European Court of Human Rights provides important guidance in respect of the attempt to balance privacy against competing rights and interests, and this is briefly discussed. Leading decisions of the courts of various jurisdictions illustrate the problems of definition and the attempt to balance privacy against other competing rights. Cases before the US Supreme Court have generated an enormous, divisive debate concerning, in particular, the subject of abortion, which the Court has conceived to be an element of the right to privacy. A discussion of the celebrated US Supreme Court judgement in Roe v Wade is fundamental to an analysis of the meaning and limits of individual privacy. 5. From confrontation to detente, 1958–68 Robert McMahon Print Publication Year: 2003 Published Online: Sep 2013 ISBN: 9780192801784 eISBN: 9780191775413 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780192801784.003.0005 In the late 1950s, the Cold War entered perhaps its most perilous phase, with the danger of nuclear war at its most intense. ‘From confrontation to détente, 1958–68’ charts the course of the Cold War through this period and the ensuing thaw in international relations. Tensions peaked during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, in which Russia and the USA came to the very brink of war. After this brush with nuclear annihilation, both countries took a more measured diplomatic strategy — the first relaxation of tension since 1945. However, the USA soon became involved in a more direct conflict, this time in Vietnam. The American PresidencyA Very Short Introduction Charles O. Jones Print Publication Year: 2016 Published Online: Jul 2016 ISBN: 9780190458201 eISBN: 9780190458232 Page 3 of 4 date: 17 June 2017 Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780190458201.001.0001 Item type: book The Founding Fathers were dedicated to the project of creating an American government both functional and incapable of devolving into tyranny. To do this, they intentionally decentralized decision making among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The American Presidency: A Very Short Introduction delves into the constitutional roots of the American presidency to show how presidents face the challenges of governing within a system of separation of powers. It reviews crucial themes, including democratization of presidential elections, transitioning into and organizing a presidency, challenges in leading the permanent government, making law and executing policy, and reforming and changing the institution, before considering future prospects for the US presidency. 5. Connecting to and leading the government Charles O. Jones Print Publication Year: 2016 Published Online: Jul 2016 ISBN: 9780190458201 eISBN: 9780190458232 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780190458201.003.0005 Presidents face numerous challenges as they endeavor to meet expectations of leadership beyond given powers. “Connecting to and leading the government” shows how the presidency manages the many organizations and expenditures of government, a task that has grown in size, complexity, and intensity over time. To whom or what must presidents connect? The many cabinet departments and major agencies are described along with the roles of the inner circle—key advisers and assistants, the vice president, and the first spouse. The federal government is intricately connected to governance in the fifty states and thousands of localities. The challenge for presidents is to take advantage of bureaucratic experience in formulating and promoting their programs. Page 4 of 4 date: 17 June 2017