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Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 44(10), October 2015, pp. 1637-1639 First record of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) Sagar Gavas*& Bhupendra Shirke D.G.Ruparel College, Senapati Bapat Marg, Mahim, Mumbai- 400 016, India [Email ID: [email protected]] Received 21 April 2014; revised 14 October 2014 Sea urchins are marine spiny animal belonging to phylum Echinodermata. Till date there is no report on occurrence of sea urchins from Mumbai coast. This paper reports the first record of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai coast. The specimen was collected from Mumbai beach and identified using standard available literature. This study is a preliminary data for further investigations, monitoring and conservation. [Key words: Sea urchin, first record, Temnopleurus, Mumbai] Introduction About 6000 living species of echinoderms have been described in the world, of which more than 1000 have been listed for the Indo-West Pacific1. Sea urchin is one of the most common components of near shore marine ecosystem, often playing an important ecological role in shallow subtidal environments2. Sea urchin inhabits sea grass beds, coral reef3, intertidal region4, and feed on benthic invertebrates and algae5. Among the various families of echinoids that inhabit Indo-West Pacific, the family Temnopleuridae (Agassiz, 1872) comprises 14 genera and 25 species 6, 7. Earlier work in the west coast on Temnopleurus sp.has been done by Hegde et al 8. The intertidal region of Mumbai is least studied. There are no official records of echinoderms in recent years. The rocky shore of Mumbai has good diversity of algae and other invertebrates which serve as good feeding grounds for Sea urchin. The present paper describes a new record of Temnopleurus toreumaticus from Mumbai. Materials and Methods For the current study, intertidal areas of rocky shore along Mumbai coast were selected. Mumbai is located on the west cost of India (between Lat. 18054’ to 19009’ N and Long. 72047’ to 72056’ E). Sampling was carried out on rocky patches of Mumbai. Survey was carried out during low tide on rocky shores of Mumbai from January to March 2014. Digital images were taken on site during survey to record their native colouration and pattern. Live specimens were brought to the laboratory and were subjected to detailed observations to reveal their morphological, anatomical and biometric characteristics. The specimen were preserved, labeled and deposited in the museum. Identification was carried out based on the morphological characteristics and available standard literatures8-10. Results and Discussions Sea Urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus is classified under the class Echinoidea as follows 9 : Subclass: Regularia Key to the Sub-class of class: Test globular, or spherical; anus inside the apical system of plates. Order: Camarodonta Key to the orders of the sub-class: Epiphyses of the Aristotle's lantern fused across the top of each pyramid teeth keeled. Family: Temnopleuridae Key to the family of the order: Test sculptured by pits and depressions. Genus : Temnopleurus (L. Agassiz, 1841) Key to the genus of the family: Test profile hemispherical to subconical, rather thick shelled with conspicuous crenulations Species : toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Key to species of the genus: Primary spines long, equal to half of horizontal test INDIAN J MAR SCI VOL 44, NO.10 OCTOBER 2015 1638 diameter, banded with reddish or brown colour bands, pore-pairs arranged in arcs8. Habitat and Distribution Temnopleurus toreumaticus is a fairly wide spread species occupying rocky and sandy beaches. It is known to occur in East Africa, Madagscar, the Persian Gulf, Red sea and on the east coast of Australia 10. In Japan, this species is found from northern Honshu to southern Kyushu11, 12 and Shirikiwa Bay 13 Morphological Characters Test: Dome-shaped, rigid, well sculptured with a convex aboral surface. Test comprises of five pairs of alternately placed ambulacral and interambulacral plates placed at about the level of the ambulacral plates. Ambulacral plates compound trigeminate, their pore-pairs bearing numerous tube feet (in living specimens) (Fig. 1 and 3)8 Test Colour: Olive green to dark grey colour (Fig. 1) Madreporite Genital Plate Periproct Fig 2- Aboral surface of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Periproct: Roughly circular8 (Fig 2) Sutural Pit Green and grey band spines Fig3- Fig 3- Banding pattern on spine, sutural pit and tube feet Of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Spines: Spines are thick, their surface covered with line longitudinal ridges. Spine colouration grey with alternating greenish or brownish bands8 (Fig.3) Fig 1- Live specimen of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Peristome: The peristome is large roughly circular in outline with very feeble buccal notches. It is covered with soft skin and comprises of five pairs of buccal plates8.(Fig 4) Apical system: It is dicyclic and smaller than the peristome, with four equalsized genital plates and one larger genital plate with madreporite8.(Fig 2) Fig 4- Oral view of Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) Tube feet GAVAS et al. FIRST RECORD OF TEMNOPLEURUS TOREUMATICUS (LESKE, 1778) FROM MUMBAI (ECHINODERMATA; ECHINOIDEA) : Conclusion Echinodermata is one of the best characterized and most distinct phyla of animal kingdom14. Present study reports the first record of Sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) from Mumbai. The concern is that we may lose many species without being aware of their existence in Mumbai beaches. Further study on echinoderms of shallow water are necessary should be done in terms of monographic works and marine scientists should be encouraged to study the other aspects on this animal. It is important to have conservation based systematic and comprehensive studies on these animals so that base line information may be generated on these animals and their habitat. References: Guille A, Laboute P, Menou JL. Guide des étoiles de mer, oursins et autres échinoderms du lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie. (Paris: Edition de l’ORSTOM) 1986 2. Harrold, C. and J.S. Pearse. The ecological role of echinoderms in kelp forests. Echinoderm Studies 1987, pp137-233. 3. Nybakken J. W. & Bertness M. D.Marine Biology: an Ecological Approach. (Pearson Benjamin- Cummings, San Francisco) 2005, pp 579 4. Lawrence J. M.Edible sea Urchins – Biology and Ecology. (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam) 2006, pp 380 5. Norderhaug K. M. & Christie H. C.Sea urchin grazing and kelp re-vegetation in the NE Atlantic. Marine Biology research 5 (2009): 515528 6. Kroh A. & Mooi R.World Echinoid Database (2011) http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea (accessed on 15 April, 2014) 7. Kroh A.Temnopleurus L. Agassiz, 1841, in KROH A. & MOOI R. (eds), World Echinoidea Database. (2012) http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea/aphia.p hp?p=taxdetails&id=179691 (accessed on 15 April, 2014) 8. Hegde M.R., Rivonker C U. A new record of Temnopleurus decipiens (de Meijere, 1904) (Echinoidea, Temnopleuroida, Temnopleuridae) from Indian waters Zoosystema (2013) 35 (1) 9. James P. S. B. R., Suseelan C. Marine living resources of the union territory of Lakshadweepan indicative survey with suggestions for development CMFRI publication pp (1989) 113-117 10. Clark A. M. & Rowe F. E. W.Monograph of shallow-Water Indo-West paciic Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum of Natural History, London, (1971) pp 238 11. Mortensen T.A Monograph of the Echinoidea part III, no. 2 Camarodonta 1. orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and 1. Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, (1943) pp553 12. Schultz H.Sea Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide shallow Water species. (Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientiic Publications, Hemdingen) 2006, pp495 13. Kitazawa C., Kawasaki S., Nishimura H., Nakano M., Yamaguchi T. & Yamanaka A. Distribution and habitat preferences of sea urchin in Shirikawa Bay, Yamaguchi, during the period from 2005 to 2007. Biological Bulletin(2007) 217: 215-221. 14. Bather, F.A. Part III The Echinoderma. In: Lankester, E.R. (Ed.) A Treatise on Zoology. (Adam & Charles Black, London) 1900 pp 1344. 1639