Download Unit 1 Test 2 In Class Review File

1. The three types of landform regions in Canada
1) Shield: large area of Precambrian rock that is the core of a continent.
2) Lowlands: areas of low elevation containing plains and hills.
3) Highland: areas of high elevation containing mountains and plateaus.
2. 8 landform regions in Canada
Shield
1) Canadian Shield
Lowlands
2) Interior Plains
3) Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands
4) Hudson Bay Lowlands
5) Arctic Lowlands
Highlands
6) Appalachians
7) Western Cordillera
8) Innuitian Mountains
3. What causes the great differences in Canada’s weather and climate
patterns?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Canada’s vast size
Latitude
Ocean Currents
Wind and Air Masses
Polar jet stream
Diverse Landscapes - Elevation
Diverse Landscapes - Relief
Large Bodies of Water
4. How does weather and climate affect Canadians
1.
What we wear
2.
Where we go for holidays
3.
4.
Activities during different seasons. (eg. Sports, Hunting, Fishing,
etc….)
The cost of food
5. The choice of place to live
5. What are the two types of climate? Be able to identity climate from a
climate graph
1) Continental climate - A climate where winters are very cold and
summers are very dry and hot. This type of climate is inland , away
from the ocean and large lakes.
On a climate graph, Continental climates have low annual
precipitation and a large annual temperature range.
2) Maritime Climate – The winters are cool and summers are warm.
This type of climate is located near large bodies of water, such as
large lakes and oceans.
On a climate graph, Maritime climates have high annual
precipitation; low annual temperature range,
6. Construct/ interpret a climate graph. Calculate avg. temp./ total
precip/ temp range.
Helpful reminders when constructing a climate graph:
1) Temperature (°C) goes on the LEFT side of your graph
2) Precipitation (mm) goes on the RIGHT side of your graph.
3) Choose scales which make sense. My advice is to look at your largest
and smallest numbers to get a sense of the range of numbers you will
be using.
4) Temperature is represented by plotting POINTS
5) Precipitation is represented by a BAR GRAPH
Calculating Average Annual Temperature: Add up all your temperatures and
divide by 12
Calculating Total Annual Precipitation: Add up all your precipitation for every
month
Calculating Temperature Range:Take the HIGHEST temperature and subtract
the LOWEST temperature.
Example: What is the temperature range for a location where the highest
temperature is 15°C and the lowest temperature is -15°C.
15- -15= 30
Temperature Range= 30°C
** Remember: when subtracting negative numbers, we change the sign and
add!
7. Name each of Canada’s 7 climate regions. (Page 88 in Textbook)
8. What is a biome? How does climate and landforms affect the type of
vegetation in a biome?
Biome is a large region on the Earth, such as a rainforest or desert, which is named
for the distinct characteristics of the plants that live within it.
Biomes closer to the equator have larger trees and plants while biomes further
north or south have less vegetation.
9. What are the types of rain?
Relief Rainfall (Orographic)
Rain which occurs due to a mountain range.
Frontal Rainfall
Rain cause when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass, which forces the warm air
mass to rise.
Convectional Rainfall
Rain which occurs in hot, tropical climates. The sun heats up to land which causes
convention currents.
10. What is the recipe for a temperate rainforest?
a. Rain all year round
b. 300 cm or more of rain per year.
c. Mild temperatures (0˚ - 26˚ C).
d. A canopy layer of coniferous trees.
e. Moss and ferns growing on the forest floor, covering tree trunks.
f. Rainwater collecting on forest floor.
g. Countless shades of green year round.
11. How does water end up in our rivers and lakes? In the soil/ground?
Much of the water that falls as rain and snow in Canada ends up in an
interconnected network of waterways that include lakes, rivers, groundwater, and
wetlands. Water that runs off the land in rivers and lakes is called runoff.
Water that filters down into the Earth through layers of soil, sand and gravel is
called groundwater.
12. What are drainage basins? How does Canada’s water system work
in relation to basins?
A drainage basin is the area of land from which all water received as precipitation
flows to a particular ocean. Canada’s water system is unevenly distributed with
about 75% of water draining north into either the Arctic Ocean or Hudson Bay.
Since all water flows downhill, the land in the north is of lower elevation compared
other parts of the Country. The land is also lower along the coastlines of the oceans
towards which the water in all major drainage basins flows.
13. With the aid of a diagram, be able to label the components of a
typical social profile.
“A” Horizon
•
Rich in organic material especially near surface
•
Dark brown or black
•
Often called “Topsoil”
“B” Horizon
•
Combined mineral and organic level
•
Light brown in color
•
Often called “Subsoil”
“C” Horizon
•
Mineral materials from which soil is made.
•
Usually bedrock or glacial deposits
•
Often called “Parent Material”
14. Why are tundra soils infertile?
The subsoil (Horizon B) is permanently frozen and is referred to as permafrost.
During the summer the top metre of the ground called the active layer thaws, the
layers underneath remain frozen and water cannot escape downwards. The surface
remains waterlogged and this along with the cold climate prevent plant material
from decaying quickly to form humus. The absence of air in the water-logged
ground means that a true soil does not exist, and agriculture is impractical.
15. What are the characteristics that make up an ecozone? (Page 102)
Landscape
1) Geology
2) Landforms
3) Climate
4) Soil
5) Water
Natural Vegetation
Wildlife
People