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Most of cell's life. It's not dividing Interphase S Gap 1 DNA replicates (chromosomes double) Makes protein, grows, makes more organelles Gap 2 Makes proteins, prepares for cell division M Phase Mitosis Nuclear division Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm 1 disappears double coil reappears move to middle separate relax 2 Early Prophase Interphase Late Prophase Anaphase Telophase Metaphase 3 Sex Chromosomes determine gender Autosomes are the other 44 chromosomes One from your mom one from your dad, same size, shape and banding pattern, code for the same traits Identical due to DNA replication in the S phase of interphase Diploid contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair. Haploid cells only contain one chromosome of a homologous pair. Egg is haploid. Zygote is diploid. A zygote is a fertilized egg. Fertilization is when sperm and egg fuse. Meiosis is the process by which egg and sperm are made Mitosis is cell division (to get more of the same cell). Meiosis is making egg or sperm Sex Chromosomes because they determine gender. XX is a female. XY is a male 4 Produces diploid daughter cells identical to the parent Involves two cell divisions Produces four daughter cells Homologous pairs DO NOT separate. Meiosis 1 tetrads line up Meiosis 2 double chromosomes line up Crossing over occurs in Prophase 1 Needed for cell reproduction repair, growth, replacement of old cells 5 Diploid Ovarian or Testicular cell (2n = 6) Meiosis 1 Prophase 1 Anaphase 1 Metaphase 1 Telophase 1 Cytokinesis Meiosis 2 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Cytokinesis 6 C X D Z B W A Y 7 8 9 Odd number of chromosomes (haploid), so after meiosis 1. Chromatids still intact, so before anaphase 2. 10