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Greek and Roman Mythology A Review of The Principal Gods and Goddesses What is a myth? A ______________ story rooted in primitive folk beliefs of ____________ Uses the _____________ to interpret natural events Explains the culture’s view of the _____________________ and the nature of ____________________ 1 In the beginning... • …was ____________ (shapeless nothingness) • Chaos had two children:_________________ (darkness) ___________________ (death) • “All was black, empty, ___________, endless.” • Mysteriously, ______________ was born of darkness and death. • When Love was born, order and ___________ began to flourish.Love created ____________ and __________. ____________ was created. – She was the solid ground, but also a personality. • The Earth bore __________________ to cover 2 her and be a home for the gods. The First Parents and Titans • Mother Earth = ______________ (Gaia) • Father Heaven = ____________ (Uranus) • They had three kinds of children: – ____________ monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads – ______________ cyclopes and The ______________ • These were the first characters that had the appearance of life, although it was unlike any life known to man. There were many of them. • • • • • Enormous size, _____________ strength ______________ (Saturn): Ruler of the titans ______________: Wife of Cronos Ocean: River that _________________ the world Iapetus: _________________ of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans) 3 The Principal Gods • Cronos and Rhea were parents of – ______________ (Jupiter, Jove) – ______________ (Neptune) – __________ (Pluto) – __________ (Juno) – _______________ (Vesta) – _______________ (Ceres) • Other Olympians include – Athena (Minerva) – Ares (Mars) – Hebe (Juventas) – Hephaestus (Vulcan) – Apollo (Apollo) – Artemis (Diana) – Hermes (Mercury) – Aphrodite (Venus) – Dionysus(Bacchus) 4 – Persephone ______________ • Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove) • Supreme god of the ____________, Mt. Olympus, ____________, and ______________ • ____________ many characters in mythology: Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Persephone, Ares, Hermes, Aphrodite (in some myths), Hercules, Perseus, and many more. 5 Zeus, cont. Zeus is married to his sister, _______________. Their marriage is horrible—Zeus cheats on her with practically every female: goddess and human alike. In fact, with a nod to symbolism, Zeus and Hera's only child is ___________: War: Their union could only have created something as despicable and unlovable as war. 6 Zeus is powerful, but even he can't outsmart _________________. Get the message for us lowly mortals? Some famous stories where Zeus plays a staring role: Birth of ____________________: from out of the top of his head. Father of __________________: He approves of Hades' actions Bauchis and Philemon: rewards selfless ______________________ Pushes the Judgement of the beauty contest on Paris Io, Europa, Danae, Semele, Alcmene, Leda, sister Demeter (among others) were all ________________ 7 of Zeus' love • Zeus's weapon was the _________________ • He valued the idea of ___________________, or hospitality for those in need • He, ______________________, punished oath breakers • His bird was the ________________ (which he used to punish poor Prometheus) Hera • Roman Name: ______________ • Zeus’s sister and wife • Jealous protector of _________________ • Punished the __________________ Zeus fell in love with 8 • • • • • _________ _ Roman Name: Neptune God of the ________ and ________ “The Earthshaker” His weapon is the ____________ Fathered the ____________ Polyphemus • Thought of as a _______________ god by the Greeks • Punished Odysseus' ________________ for 10 years 9 __________ • • • • Roman Name: ____________ God of the __________________/ Dead Not _________________ in Olympus Kidnapped and married his _____________, Persephone • Thought of as __________________ god because of the precious metals and gems in the center of the earth and because he takes the precious resource of our loved ones away from us (__________________ comes 10 from his name) ________ • Roman Name: Vesta • Virgin Goddess of ________________ and ______________: all things warm and wonderful about family life • She's one of the most ______________ dieties in everyday Greek life • No exciting stories about her ______________ antics • Powerful Protector 11 __________ • • • • • Roman Name: Ceres Goddess of the ____________ A Goddess of the Earth Mother of Persephone When ___________ is taken away to underworld she suffers so much that she neglects her duties and no crops will grow on earth: ___________ and Winter • When she comes back up in Spring: all is right again. 12 ____________ • Roman Name: Minerva • Virgin Goddess of ________________ and War • Sprang from Zeus’s head because he had ___________________ her mother for fear that she would give birth to a son who would ____________________ him. • Her symbol is her ____________________ • She loves all things _________________ and Odysseus 13 _____________ • • • • • Roman Name: Mars God of _________________ Only __________________ of Zeus and Hera Bloodthirsty and ___________________ Nobody except __________________ can stand him (interpret symbolism here) • Only companions are ______________ and ___________________-- figure! 14 • • • • ____________ Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber) God of ______________/_______________ Son of Hera ___________________ Only _____________________ god, read symbolism here: Woman's attempt at creation without a man: lame. Get it? • Kind, unlike his half-brother • Ironically, marries _________________ in some myths • Creator of Achille's famous _______________ 15 __________ • Roman Name: Apollo • God of ______________/______________ and ______________ (lyre is his instrument) • The Light thing is big, read symbolism, light, vision, knowledge, understanding, enlightenment. He was the boss of the _________________ at Delphi and elsewhere. • Brother of Artemis (________________) • “Blessed” ________________ (Paris' sister) with the “vision,” but when she wouldn't “play ball,” he added the curse that she wouldn't be 16 _______________________. ____________ • Roman Name: Diana • Virgin Goddess of the _____________/ ______________ • Sister to Apollo (Twins) • Patron Goddess for _______________ who were pursued by men they didn't desire—she usually helped them turn into trees or lakes or something • Held up the ________________ on their way to Troy over some 17 _______________________ ____________ • Roman Name: __________________ • _______________ of the Gods (especially Zeus—news he doesn't want to deliver himself) • Appears in more myths than any other character • Famous for his ________________ sandals, _____________, and _______________ • Helps Odysseus w/Circe, Jason w/Medusa, etc. • Also likes to make messes—analogy--the “Jack” of “Jack and Karen” from Will and Grace. 18 ___________ • • • • • Roman Name: __________ Goddess of Passionate Love and _________ Sprang from the ocean foam, in some myths Magic __________ that makes her irresistable Won the Judgment of ____________: _________ Apple for the ______________ • Trouble, ___________, __________, excitement (read symbolism) follow her wherever she goes. She is the “Karen” of the “Jack and Karen” of19Wil and Grace. _____________ • Roman Name: _______________ • God of ___________________ • Patron god of the Greek _______________ • A God of the Earth Persephone • Roman Name: Proserpina • Goddess of the Underworld • Daughter of Zeus and Demeter • Abducted by Hades 20 Hebe Eros • Roman Name: • Roman Name: _____________ _____________ • Goddess of • Young God of Love _____________ • Son of • Cupbearer to the ______________ and Hephaestus Gods • Restored youth to the aged 21 Iris • Goddess of the _______________ • Messenger for Zeus and ________ • Daughter of the _______________ Thaumus and the nymph Electra The Muses • Goddesses who • _______________ presided over the daughters of Zeus _______________ and Mnemosyne and sciences • Inspired ________ • “He is ___________ of all kinds whom the muses love.” 22 The Graces • Three Goddesses of ____________ and Beauty • “They give life its bloom.” • Aglaia (Splendor) • Euphrosyne (Mirth) • Thalia (Good Cheer) The Erinnyes (The Furies) • Roman Name: Furiae or Dirae • Three Goddesses of _________________ – Tisiphone (Avenger) – Alecto (Unresting) – Megaera (Jealous) • They punish ___________________ 23 The Fates The Satyrs • Roman Name: Parcae • Gods of the woods and ____________ • _____________ sisters • “Shepherd gods” – Clotho (“The Spinner”) – Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”) – Atropos (“The cutter”) They _________________, measure, and __________ the thread of life for humans. • ___________ men (like Pan) • Companions of Dionysus • They like to drink, dance, and chase nymphs. 24 The Gorgons • ____________ snake-haired monsters • _____________ is most well-known • Their look turns men to stone. The Centaurs • Half man, half ____________ • ____________ creatures (except Chiron) • Followers of _____________ 25