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10.3 Unity and Sectionalism September 26, 2012 Sectionalism Era of Good Feelings after the "Era of Good Feelings" different regions of the United States reacted differently to policies passed by the national government. Some of these policies included slavery, tarriffs, the idea of a national bank and internal improvements. Major political parties disappeared (briefly) after the War of 1812 James Monroe wins presidency in 1814 (unopposed) Federalist Party Platforms (programs) gained support >tariffs to protect industries, national bank Politcal party differences faded away Monroe traveled the entire United States >1820: wins all but ONE electoral vote Sep 2512:59 PM Sep 253:43 PM John C Calhoun Sectionalism Grows Daniel Webster Henry Clay Kentucky Planter from SC New Hampshire All good things come to an end: regional differences soon took over War Hawk for War 1812 later rep. for MA War Hawk as well Most Americans had a strong allegiance to the region they lived in Supported Internal Improvements Trade and Shipping Interests of NE are his focus supported the Western states >Westerners Southerners Northerners< Backed a national bank Issues 1820's: State Sovergnty > Slavery, StatesRights, Tarriffs, National Banks, Internal Imprvm Disliked tariffs Favored Tariffs to protect Amer. from foreign prodcuts Preached against sectionalism Negotiated the Treaty of Ghent (ended W of 1812) Became known for his ability to compromise and strike deals to settle sectional disputes Era of Big Voices in Congress John C Calhoun Daniel Webster Henry Clay Sep 253:57 PM Sep 254:04 PM Missouri Compromise The American System height of sectionalism Henry Clay believed that his policies could benefit all sections of the US Issue: Slavey Included a: Problem Missouri wants to enter the union as a slave state Southerners want MO to come in the Union as a slave state Northerners are worried that it will upset the balance of free and slave states >Protective Tariff, Internal Improvements, National Bank > In order to: protect industry, spur trade, control inflation and lend money Clay believed the US was a huge cycle send products from the South north to be produced in factories along the new roads made by the improvement act Solution: Compromise MO comes in a slave state, ME comes in a free state South did not like the plan and felt it was helpful to northerners but it still went into effect. no slavery can exist north of the 36*30'N Parallel in the Louisiana Purchase Sep 254:23 PM Sep 254:32 PM 1 10.3 Unity and Sectionalism September 26, 2012 States Rights States Rights McCullough v Maryland (1819) McCullough v Maryland (1819) state of Maryland (MD) imposed a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States (federal institution) Justice John Marshall ruled that MD had no legal right to tax the Bank because it was a federal institution. state of Maryland (MD) imposed a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States (federal institution) Justice John Marshall ruled that MD had no legal right to tax the Bank because it was a federal institution. Ruled that State governments can not impede the functions of the federal government Ruled that State governments can not impede the functions of the federal government Sep 254:39 PM Sep 258:52 PM States Rights Foreign Affairs Gibbons v Ogden (1824) Britain The United States Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce because of the Commerce Clause of the Constitution states could not enact laws that would interfere with this clause states rights felt the federal government had too much power, federal government liked the movement RushBogot Treaty US and Britain agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes: Disarmament Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory and Canada at the 49th Parallel and right to settle at Oregon Country Sep 258:54 PM Foreign Affairs Sep 259:04 PM Spain Britain Florida RushBogot Treaty US and Britain agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes: Disarmament US contended Eastern FL is part of US: Lousiana Purchase Jackson sent to stop Seminole raids, goes after Spanish AdamsOnis Treaty Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory and Canada at the 49th Parallel and right to settle at Oregon Country Sep 259:15 PM Spain signed the treaty with the US and it gave East Florida to the United States and US gave up claims to Spanish Texas Sep 259:21 PM 2 10.3 Unity and Sectionalism Latin America Independence Movements Simon Bolivar (Venezuela, Columbia, Bolivia, Panama) Known as "the Liberator" led each of the aforementioned (listed) nations to independence in the 1820's Jose de San Martin September 26, 2012 Monroe Doctrine 1822 says United States had supreme authority over the Western hemisphere THe United States would oppose any European colonies in North or South America Made US supreme power in the west big in regard to Latin American relations followed with independence for Chile and Peru by 1824, most of South AMerica was liberated from SPAIN Spain's North American empire now was shrunk to the Caribbean > Cuba, Puerto Rico and other tiny islands Sep 267:29 AM Sep 259:24 PM Sep 267:35 AM 3
