Download Ronald Reagan and His Times:

Ronald Reagan and His Times:
A Curriculum Resource for Illinois Educators
Developed and Distributed by:
The Ronald Reagan Trail Association
October 2003
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was commissioned by the Ronald Reagan Trail Association, and accordingly,
the primary debt that must be acknowledged here is one of appreciation to that group for
recognizing the importance of this undertaking. The members who currently serve, and
those who have served, on the board of the Reagan Trail Association selflessly perform a
valuable service to the citizens of Illinois and to the nation by helping to celebrate and
commemorate the historic role that central Illinois communities played in Ronald
Reagan’s formative years. Although it is impossible to thank everyone individually,
special appreciation is due to Joe Serangeli of Eureka and Jim Burke of Dixon, the
respective southern and northern “anchors” of the Trail, for the work that they have done
both in helping to create the Reagan Trail and in advancing the work of the Association
through their creative vision and boundless enthusiasm.
Two Eureka College students provided tremendous contributions to this effort. Elizabeth
Henrichs created many lessons for elementary and middle school classes. Ever a
thoughtful student, and certainly a gem of a young teacher, Ms. Henrichs’ ideas
incorporated into the lessons evoke a sense of awe and wonder from students who realize
how exciting learning can be. Eric Hager contributed hours of research to this project in
bringing together a comprehensive bibliography of extant works on Ronald Reagan and
the Reagan Era. The bibliography included here will help Illinois librarians to select
works for their collections, but it will also benefit others at the national and global levels.
Sarah Wilson provided admirable aid in typesetting portions of the manuscript. Joy
Kinder provided cheerful assistance in duplicating drafts of this text as it approached
final form. Eldrick Smith worked wonders in keeping a pesky computer from losing
large portions of text. Jim Flynn helped to facilitate the printing and distribution of this
material to school districts. Barbara Perry offered kind words of encouragement and
provided valuable contact information for many school districts in central Illinois. Their
efforts, and those of many others, brought this work to its final form.
Corporate support from the Jelly Belly Corporation and from Caterpillar, Inc. have
advanced the work of the Reagan Trail Association and make this curriculum possible.
In a final sense, acknowledgment is due to the many communities of the Reagan Trail
region that have protected, preserved, and honored their history through the years. The
realization that we have so much to offer in central Illinois – so much from which to learn
– is a valuable testimony to the foresight of those who have come before us. As such,
many of the sites that we see today are vaguely familiar with those that a young Ronald
Reagan might have experienced while hitching a ride between Dixon and Eureka. Like a
roadway connecting disparate communities and providing common direction to past and
present, this curricular packet is designed to link the historic present with its salient past.
In our journey, both real and metaphorical, we must remember to thank those who
blazed the way, those who built the path and those whose task remains to keep secure the
well-worn route upon which history always rides circuit. We are still learning, but in the
end that is our essential charge.
2
PREFACE
As a result of two decades of curricular reform initiatives, the state of primary and
secondary education in the United States has become much more regularized than it had
been in times past. Today educators focus upon long range goals for their students’
achievement and direct progress toward attaining these goals through a disciplinespecific series of content-based objectives. The stated outcome of such a system is
determined by whether or not the student can demonstrate competency in the content
areas, and this is usually assessed through some form of standardized testing. While such
a regularized form of curricular design does have its merits, such a system does not
preclude the positive impact that a dynamic teacher or an innovative program of lessons
can have on student learning and academic achievement. Students are more apt to learn
lessons that they can internalize – lessons that they can relate to the world and
circumstances about which they are most familiar. It is in this spirit that this curricular
packet is offered to the educators of central Illinois.
Clearly the purpose and scope of this endeavor is to focus learning upon the formative
role that central Illinois communities had in the life of Ronald Reagan. The lessons also
highlight the life and times of the nation’s fortieth president. All of the activities and
exercises included in this packet are designed to develop competencies that are essential
to student academic achievement. It is neither the intent of this curriculum nor its
designers to suppose that all of these materials should be incorporated into any particular
school or classroom setting. Rather, these curricular materials are designed and made
available to serve as supplementary tools that can be used to help Illinois educators
achieve the stated goals and satisfy the necessary objectives of student learning.
These lessons are not produced to advance a political bias of any sort. The curricular
materials that are included here are not designed as a laudatory commentary on the life
and achievements of Ronald Reagan. Students are encouraged to think independently, to
analyze, to evaluate, and to use critical thinking skills effectively as they work with these
curricular materials. As a result, many of the lessons that are included have open-ended
questions that require thoughtful, subjective responses from the students. If the material
is considered objectively and fairly, students have a tremendous latitude with which to
evaluate a variety of issues.
This curricular packet will likely be revised as future editions are prepared and
distributed. It is important that those teachers who have used the materials within their
classrooms have an opportunity to share their experiences with the Reagan Trail
Association. This feedback is essential as we strive to improve the quality and the value
of this learning resource. Please feel free to share ideas of what works, what needs to be
improved, and what other things might need to be included in further editions of this
packet. Our ultimate goal must be upon student achievement. These lessons and
activities are simply a means that might be used toward that end. By rooting student
learning in that which is familiar in central Illinois we hope to spark curiosity and interest
that may enhance academic achievement. In the final analysis, that is the common
ground upon which we all can agree.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xx
Preface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xxx
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv
Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5
Note - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
Elementary School Resources - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
Middle School Resources - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32
High School Resources - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53
Answers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80
Appendix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91
Ronald Reagan Chronology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93
Ronald Reagan Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -105
4
INTRODUCTION
Illinois can claim historical association with three presidents of the United States –
Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Ronald Reagan. Of these three, only Ronald
Reagan was a native-born son of the Prairie State.
In 1999 the Illinois State Legislature authorized the establishment of the Reagan Trail to
connect those central Illinois communities that were associated with the formative years
of Ronald Reagan’s life in Illinois. Ranging from Tampico and Dixon in the north,
respectively his birthplace and boyhood home, to Eureka in the south, where he attended
Eureka College from 1928-1932, the Reagan Trail unites distinct communities bound
together by a common history.
In similar fashion, this educational resource is a logical extension of the Reagan Trail
concept as the common experiences of central Illinois communities, along with the
common experiences of the nation and world, are brought into perspective through
thoughtful activities and exercises. Just as a journey along the Reagan Trail takes us
from one community to another, the intellectual quest presented in this curricular
resource connects various academic disciplines and provides essential critical thinking
activities to enhance student learning.
5
NOTE
A few comments about the abbreviations used in this curricular packet are needed here.
Documents designated with the ES prefix are designed primarily for use in the
elementary school setting - grades kindergarten through fourth grade. It is possible that
some of these items might work well in a middle school setting, but that determination
would be based upon the students’ abilities. Keep in mind that there is variation from
lower-order to higher-order thinking that is found within these exercises and activities.
Teachers should select items that are appropriate for and commensurate with the abilities
of their students.
Documents designated with the MS prefix are designed primarily for use in the middle
school setting - grades five through eight. It is possible that some of these items might
work well either in an elementary school or in a high school setting, but that
determination would be based upon the students’ abilities. Keep in mind that there is
variation from lower-order to higher-order thinking that is found within these exercises
and activities. Teachers should select items that are appropriate for and commensurate
with the abilities of their students.
Documents designated with the HS prefix are designed primarily for use in the high
school setting - grades nine through twelve. It is possible that some of these items might
work well in a middle school setting, but that determination would be based upon the
students’ abilities. Keep in mind that there is variation from lower-order to higher-order
thinking that is found within these exercises and activities. Teachers should select items
that are appropriate for and commensurate with the abilities of their students.
The notation DBQ that is found on some of the lessons stands for “Document Based
Question.” These lessons involve the use of an original text, or primary source, that must
be read before answering questions that follow. The questions associated with these
lessons often produce open-ended responses, and thus the opportunity for subjective
response and interpretation is greater here than in many of the other lessons. DBQ
lessons often provide excellent opportunities for students to develop their critical
thinking skills.
Many of the lessons that are contained in this resource packet lend themselves toward
student research that could be done either in a library setting or through the Internet.
Depending upon the constraints of both time and of learning resources, teachers may
decide to use some of these activities as group work rather than as individual work.
When and where it is possible, teachers may wish to incorporate field trips to selected
Reagan historic sites in association with the use of these curricular materials. Ideal
locations to visit would be the Reagan birthplace in Tampico, the Reagan Boyhood Home
in Dixon, and the Reagan Museum and Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College.
6
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL RESOURCES
ES:1 Cities and Towns of the Reagan Trail
ES:2 Ronald Reagan Acrostic
ES:3 Reading Exercise and Acrostic
ES:4 Words and Sentences
ES:5 Lincoln, Grant & Reagan
ES:6 Find the Words
ES:7 Letters to the President
ES:8 Berlin Wall Replication
ES:9 Reagan Trail Math Exercise
ES:10 Spell Time
ES:11 Space Diorama
ES:12 Find Me!
ES:13 U.S. Map Exercise
ES:14 Putting the Phrase Together
ES:15 Presidents Day Art Activity
ES:16 Which Word Does Not Belong?
ES:17 Asking Questions and Finding Answers
ES:18 Always on the Move
ES:19 Find the Spelling Errors
ES:20 “Unearthing” a 1980s Time Capsule
7
ES:1 Cities and Towns of the Reagan Trail
Directions: See how many of the cities and towns that are located along the Ronald
Reagan Trail can be named in the word puzzle found below:
R
___ ___
O
___ ___ ___
___ ___
N
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___
A
___
___ ___
L
___ ___ ___
D
___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
R
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
E
___ ___ ___
___
A
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
G
___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
A
___ ___
N
___ ___ ___
8
___ ___
ES:2 Ronald Reagan Acrostic
C J R I E R I D T A M P I C O
A C E B F R E E U L O R L L A
L E P E A F X O U T S
I L E T
I U P R U U A I B I C S
I C H
F R I L Z D V D E N O H N T A
O A G I L I B Y A M W U O S T
R U D N R X E I B Q A R I R C
N N Y S S O O D C E A E S U H
I A T R A N D Y M L I
S N H E
A O V I R R G P Y D T R D I R
E U O S R T T A H R N N U D K
B O S L U A A N A D R A A T S
E U R E K A O N O B V I L G T
L E S Z A O V E H C A B R O G
N U I H G S R A W R A T S U P
Find the following terms in the acrostic:
Beirut
Berlin
Bush
California
Contras
Dixon
Dutch
Eureka
Gipper
Thatcher
USSR
Gorbachev
Illinois
Iraq
Libya
Moscow
Poland
Qadaffi
Star Wars
Tampico
9
ES:3 Reading Exercise and Acrostic
Read the following story about Ronald Reagan:
When Ronald Reagan was a young man he worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park in
Dixon, Illinois. He attended Eureka College from 1928-1932. As a student he was active
in sports and in drama while he was in school.
After he graduated from college, Ronald Reagan got his first job as a radio announcer.
He did this for several years until he signed a contract with Warner Brothers to make
films. For many years he was a movie star. In 1947, Ronald Reagan the actor became
the leader of the Screen Actors Guild, a union of movie and television performers.
Ronald Reagan was very interested in politics. He was elected governor of California
twice and served from 1967-1975. He was later elected president of the United States
twice and served from 1981-1989.
Now see how many words from the story you can find in the puzzle:
P
V
D
R
A
U
G
E
F
I
L
R
I
Y
R
B
L
H
N
S
M
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T
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10
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N
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N
S
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U
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T
K
M
G
X
S
A
C
T
O
R
ES:4 Words and Sentences
___
___
___ ___
___ ___
___
___ ___ ___ ___
___
___
___ ___
C
A
L
I
F
O
R
N
I
A
___
___
___
___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___ ___ ___
___ ___
___
___
___ ___
___
Write the following words into the spaces found in the puzzle:
ACTOR
FAMOUS
FILMS
GIPPER
GOVERNOR
GUILD
MOVIES
RADIO
REAGAN
UNION
Using words from this list (you may also use the word California) write two sentences
that tell us something important about Ronald Reagan. Each of your sentences must use
at least two words from the terms that are provided.
(1)
(2)
11
ES:5 Lincoln, Grant & Reagan
For each of the following questions, you must tell which president is being described.
You may use an encyclopedia to find information about Presidents Lincoln, Grant and
Reagan.
_______________ (1) He was a general during the Civil War.
_______________ (2) He was born in Illinois.
_______________ (3) He worked as a lawyer in Springfield.
_______________ (4) He became an actor.
_______________ (5) He was nicknamed “The Rail Splitter.”
_______________ (6) He lived for a while in Galena.
_______________ (7) He was assassinated and died the following day.
_______________ (8) Robert E. Lee surrendered to him.
_______________ (9) He survived an assassination attempt.
_______________ (10) Of these three presidents, he did not have a beard.
_______________ (11) Of these three presidents, he did not serve for eight years.
_______________ (12) He was born in Kentucky.
_______________ (13) He was born in Ohio.
_______________ (14) He was nicknamed “Dutch.”
_______________ (15) He was nicknamed “Uncle Sam.”
12
ES:6 Find the Words
N
I
C
H
O
T
Z
N
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A
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N
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W
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B
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S
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B
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B
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T
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Y
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S
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N
A
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H
A
Y
B
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B
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A
R
K
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W
E
Z
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K
J
Z
F
B
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Z
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S
T
A
T
Z
S
N
C
V
B
Y
T
L
T
U
L
H
Locate the following terms in the puzzle:
BEIRUT
BUSH
CONSERVATIVE
CONTRAS
GORBACHEV
IRAN
LEBANON
LIBYA
MEESE
MISSILES
NICARAGUA
NORTH
REPUBLICAN
START
USSR
13
14
ES: 7 Letters to the President
Beginning in 1943, a young girl named Lorraine Makler (later Wagner), joined the Ronald
Reagan fan club and began writing letters to the then actor. Reagan responded to the letters, and
continued so for 51 years, making it the longest known correspondence between any American
president and a private citizen, and evident proof of Ronald Reagan's life-long commitment to
reaching young people with his sound American values and principles.
Procedures
1. Share with the class the story of the young girl writing to the President. If possible
take them to the website and let them read some of the letters the President wrote
back to Lorraine.
2. The website is http://www.reaganranch.org/best/lorrainewagnerletters.htm
3. Let everyone in the class write their own letter to President Bush, or the First Lady if
they choose. Encourage them to ask as many questions as they want and be as
personal as they choose to be.
The mailing address is:
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Please fax children's letters and mail to: 202-456-7705
15
ES:8 Berlin Wall Replication
Materials:
Butcher Paper or Cardboard blocks if your school has them
Wire to hold the paper up
Procedures
1. Construct a wall in the middle of your classroom made of butcher paper or the
cardboard blocks before the day begins. As students come into the classroom instruct
them to move to their own desks and with the first period explain the purpose of the
wall.
2. Give them a history of the wall; why it was constructed, how it affected the people on
either side of it, what happened when people tried to cross it and when it finally came
down. Details can be added or subtracted depending on the area you are teaching.
3. Throughout the day, the sides will not be able to speak to one another except for
outside the classroom. Find different ways to make the situation more real for the
students, make the economic stabilities of each side more of a reality.
4. At the end of the day, discuss how the wall eventually was torn down and what world
leaders were involved with its destruction.
5. Let the kids tear their wall down and reunite with their classmates.
6. Have them write a short journal entry explaining how they felt in a divided classroom
and how it must have been living in the real thing from the 1960s to the 1980s.
16
ES:9 Reagan Trail Math Exercise
The Ronald Reagan Trail runs from Dixon to Eureka in central Illinois. By looking at the map,
identify the distance between the following cities:
1. Dixon to Ohio
__________
2. Princeton to Bureau
__________
3. Eureka to Washington
__________
4. Princeton to Henry
__________
5. Tampico to Walnut
__________
6. Henry to Sparland
__________
7. Walnut to Ohio
__________
8. Monmouth to Galesburg
__________
9. Ohio to Princeton
__________
10. East Peoria to Washington
__________
17
18
ES:10 Spell Time!
Spell the following words that have to do with our president and government:
1. President
2. White House
3. Washington D.C.
4. Republican
5. Democrat
6. Campaign
7. Government
8. Nominate
9. Electoral
10. Congress
11. Oval Office
12. Air Force One
13. Election
14. First Lady
15. Secret Service
16. Cabinet
17. American
18. Administration
19. Politics
20. Vice President
19
ES:11 Space Diorama
“… Out beyond our present horizons lie whole new continents of possibility, new worlds of hope
waiting to be discovered. We’ve traveled far, but we’ve only begun our journey. We stand on
the threshold of an epic age, an age of technological splendor and an explosion of human
potential, an age for heroes…”
~ President Reagan
Remarks to participants in the Young Astronauts Program, June 11, 1986
Materials:
Shoe Box (students can bring from home)
Sand or Dirt
Clay, Play-Do, or some other molding substance
Small rocks or gravel
Black Paint
Small U.S. Flags
Little People ~ GI Joe men or other small toy people
Procedures
1. During Ronald Reagan’s presidency the first non-astronaut was allowed to enter
space with six others on the Challenger space shuttle. Christa McAuliffe was a
schoolteacher and was planning on teaching America’s children from outer space,
but, that lesson never happened due to a tragic explosion on the shuttle. President
Reagan encouraged the exploration of our universe and wanted our nation to still be
interested in space despite this tragic loss.
2. To spark some outer space creativity in your students have each of them create their
own space diorama using the materials listed above.
3. After painting the inside of the box black, students construct their moon surface using
the clay or other substance and the rocks, dirt, and sand.
4. To finish, they can place an American flag on their moon with a little toy man or
woman.
20
ES:12 Find Me!
I am a city or town located on the Reagan Trail in central Illinois but I got lost and cannot find
my way back! Can you please help me find my home? When you figure out where I go, write
my name next to my dot on the trail. Thanks for helping!
1. Chillicothe
2. Princeton
3. Walnut
4. Peoria
5. Tampico
6. Henry
7. Dixon
8. Eureka
9. Bureau
10. Washington
11. Ohio
12. East Peoria
13. Sparland – Lacon
14. Monmouth
15. Peoria Heights
16. Galesburg
21
22
ES:13 U.S. Map Exercise
The following states all have something dedicated to President Reagan. Color and label
these states on your map.
ARIZONA
The Ronald Reagan Fundamental School
CALIFORNIA
Ronald Reagan California Republican Center
Ronald Reagan State Office Building
Ronald W. Reagan Federal Courthouse
The Ronald Reagan Library and Center for Public Affairs
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center
Ronald Reagan Institute of Emergency Medicine - George Washington University
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
The Ronald Wilson Reagan Republican Center
FLORIDA
Ronald Reagan Turnpike
GEORGIA
Ronald Reagan Parkway
ILLINOIS
The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Center
Reagan Boyhood Home
Reagan Trail
Ronald Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College
Ronald W. Reagan Exhibit
Birthplace of Ronald Reagan
MISSISSIPPI
The Reagan Hope Home
NEW YORK
Ronald Reagan Boulevard
OHIO
Ronald Reagan Highway
TEXAS
The Reagan Leadership Society
Ronald Reagan High School
23
24
ES:14 Putting the Phrase Together
President Reagan’s START Speech
OPE
BY
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Y
NS.
PEA
N F L
L I T
CO
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I S
O
CT
NOT
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F L I
ABI
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C
W I
T
CON
PEA
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CEF
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TH
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E
MEA
Unscramble the tiles to reveal a message.
25
A
T
OF
ES:15 Presidents Day Art Activity
Materials needed:
Outline map of Illinois
Crayons or colored pencils
Old newspapers and magazines
Scissors
Paste
Each year the United States celebrates a national holiday called Presidents Day on the
third Monday in February. This holiday was established to honor all of the people who
have served as President of the United States throughout the nation’s history.
Three presidents – Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant and Ronald Reagan – lived in
Illinois at some point in their lives. Use the outline map of Illinois that is provided to
draw a picture of these three presidents.
After you draw your pictures, look through the old newspapers and magazines that are
provided and to find words that are related to the president of the United States (for
example, the word “leader”). Each of you should try to find at least ten words that you
can cut out of the newspapers and magazines to use in your art project. You should paste
the words that you have selected in the space around the Illinois outline where you have
drawn the pictures of Presidents Lincoln, Grant and Reagan.
Once everyone has completed their art projects the work will be posted on the wall of the
classroom. Each student will be able to tell a story about how the words that they have
selected and pasted tell us something about the work that the President of the United
States does.
26
27
ES:16 Which Word Does Not Belong?
For each set of words, circle the word that is not associated with the other three:
PRESIDENT
LEADER
CASTLE
RULER
ILLINOIS
CALIFORNIA
IOWA
CHICAGO
FILMS
ACTOR
MOVIES
BOOKS
BUSH
CLINTON
REAGAN
SMITH
DIXON
EUREKA
GALENA
TAMPICO
ELECTION
VOTER
VACATION
CANDIDATE
CAPITOL
WHITE HOUSE
SUPREME COURT
STOCK MARKET
RADIO
LAWS
RULES
POLICIES
MOON
OCEAN
STARS
PLANETS
28
ES:17 Asking Questions and Finding Answers
Procedure
(1) Students should work individually and then in groups of five to six for this exercise.
(2) Each student should come up with at least three questions that he would like to ask
President Reagan if he had the opportunity to do so. The questions should be related to
what life was like in the United States during the 1980s.
(3) Once all of the students in the class have prepared their questions, they should gather
in small groups to share the questions that they have written with one another. Each
group must determine what single question seems to be the best, or the most interesting,
to the members of the group.
(4) Each group will write a letter to one of the locations listed below in order to find out
additional information about the question that they have selected.
(5) Once the responses begin to arrive, the information should be shared with the class
and the letters can be posted on the wall of the classroom.
Contact Information:
The National Archives
8601 Adelphi Road
College Park, Maryland 20740-6001
The Library of Congress
101 Independence Avenue, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20540
The Reagan Presidential Library
40 Presidential Drive
Simi Valley, California 93065-0600
29
ES:18 Always on the Move
Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois, on February 6, 1911. His family moved
from place to place when he was a young boy because his father needed to find a steady
job. The Reagan family lived for a time in Tampico, Chicago, Galesburg, Monmouth,
and Dixon. When the family moved to Dixon in 1921, Ronald Reagan was nine years
old. He would always consider Dixon to be his “home” even though his family had lived
in many different communities. It was in Dixon that Ronald Reagan completed his high
school education before moving on to Eureka where he attended Eureka College from
1928 to 1932.
Consider the following questions and provide your opinion for each:
(1) How do you think that Ronald Reagan felt about having to move so often when he
was a child?
(2) Why do you believe that he considered Dixon to be “home.”
(3) What problems might Ronald Reagan have faced because of moving from place to
place.
(4) What valuable lessons might he have learned from this experience?
30
ES:19 Find the Spelling Errors
In each of the following sets of words, one of the words is spelled incorrectly. Circle the
word that is spelled incorrectly, and spell it correctly on the lines that are found near the
bottom of this page.
PRESIDENT
CONGRES
SENATE
ELECTION
CANDIDATE
PRYMARY
AMERICA
NATION
COUNTREY
TAMPIKO
DIXON
EUREKA
DEFENSE
TREASUREY
INTERIOR
LIBERTY
FREEDOM
JUSTISE
MOVIES
RADIO
TELYVISION
GOVERNER
CALIFORNIA
REELECTED
TALENT
ABILITY
COURRAGE
Spell the misspelled words correctly in the spaces provided below:
_________________
________________
________________
_________________
________________
________________
_________________
________________
________________
31
ES:20 “Unearthing” a 1980s Time Capsule
The teacher should prepare in advance of the class a representative “time capsule” of the
1980s that students will be able to examine and try to explain. The class should pretend
that this time capsule was recently unearthed in the schoolyard after having been buried
there by a previous class. It will be the job of the students to try to find meaning in the
items that this earlier “class” had decided to bury.
Though this is not an exhaustive list, it might suggest some of the possible items that
could be included in this time capsule:
political campaign buttons from 1980 or 1984
a cassette tape with representative music from the period
a news magazine from the period
a newspaper from the period
a 5.25 inch floppy disk
an article about the Cold War
a movie poster from the era, or movie-related action figures
a videotape containing a 1980s television sitcom
images of (or actual) early video games [e.g., Pac Man]
a map of Central America
school pictures of individuals that show period clothing and/or hair styles
Once the students have tried to explain the significance of the representative items from
the 1980s you should ask them what they would include if they were to produce a
representative time capsule of their own era.
If time and circumstances permit, you may want to consider putting together such a time
capsule and burying it so that some future class might later discover it.
32
MIDDLE SCHOOL RESOURCES
MS:1 Reading a Chart: Counties along the Reagan Trail
MS:2 Illinois History Quiz
MS:3 Reagan Nicknames
MS:4 Planning a Journey on the Reagan Trail
MS:5 Library Skills Exercise
MS:6 Space Adventure
MS:7 All in the Family
MS:8 Now Where Was That Located?
MS:9 Reading Charts
MS:10 Interpreting Election Results I
MS:11 Interpreting Election Results II
MS:12 Unscramble the Quotation
MS:13 Facts about Illinois
MS:14 Story Problems
MS:15 Facts about Washington, D.C.
MS:16 Build Your Own City
MS:17 Municipalities Along the Reagan Trail
MS:18 Oral History: The Cold War
MS:19 Library Research Projects
MS:20 Definitions
33
MS:1 Reading a Chart: Counties along the Reagan Trail
AREA
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
ILLINOI
S
-----
Bureau
869 sq.
mi.
42,648
38,885
37,600
37,711
37,594
Knox
716 sq.
mi
46,727
51,336
52,250
54,366
61,280
Lee
725 sq.
mi.
28,004
32,329
34,604
36,451
38,749
Marshall
386 sq.
mi.
14,760
13,023
13,179
13,025
13,334
Peoria
620 sq.
mi
111,710
141,344
153,374
174,347
189,044
Putnam
160 sq.
mi.
7,579
5,235
5,289
4,746
4,570
Tazewell
649 sq.
mi.
38,540
46,082
58,362
76,165
99,789
Warren
543 sq.
mi.
21,488
21,745
21,286
21,981
21,587
Whiteside
685 sq.
mi.
36,174
39,019
43,338
49,336
59,887
Woodford
528 sq.
mi.
19,340
18,792
19,124
21,335
24,579
6,485,280 7,630,654 7,897,241 8,712,176 10,081,158
(1) Which county experienced the highest growth rate from 1920 to 1960?
(2) What factors might help to explain this growth rate?
(3) Which county had a growth rate that was most similar to that of the state of Illinois
from 1920 to 1960?
(4) What county experienced the most stagnant (or negative) growth rate from 1920 to
1960?
(5) What factors might help to explain this condition?
(6) Which of these counties has the highest population density?
(7) Which of these counties has the lowest population density?
34
MS:2 Illinois History Quiz
__________________(1) The National Road ended in this Illinois town that once served
as the state capital.
__________________(2) In 1860 Ulysses S. Grant moved to this Illinois town where he
worked as a clerk in a dry goods store.
__________________(3) This Illinois governor pardoned several of the anarchists who
had been convicted of the Haymarket Riot bombing.
__________________(4) 111 miners died near this Illinois town on March 27, 1947,
when a gas explosion caused a coal mining disaster.
__________________(5) In 1790 this African American frontiersman established the
first Permanent settlement that eventually became Chicago.
__________________(6) This Illinois educator was the longtime president of the
Women’s Christian Temperance Union.
__________________(7) This individual was the only President of the United States who
was born in the state of Illinois.
__________________(8) This town is situated where the Illinois and Ohio rivers meet.
__________________(9) On December 3, of this year, Illinois entered the Union as the
twenty-first state.
__________________(10) These two French Canadian explorers visited Illinois in 1763.
__________________(11) Jane Addams was a social worker from Illinois. She helped
create _?_, a famous settlement house in Chicago.
__________________(12) This poet and Lincoln biographer was an Illinois native.
__________________(13) _?_ was the name of the military skirmish that took place in
western Illinois in 1832.
__________________(14) This Illinois Senator debated Abraham Lincoln in 1858.
__________________(15) This Illinois political figure became the first African
American woman to be elected to the United States Senate.
__________________(16) Home to the Owen Lovejoy homestead, this Illinois town was
actively involved in the Underground Railroad.
35
MS:3 Reagan Nicknames
There were four nicknames that were used to describe Ronald W. Reagan at various
points in his life. These nicknames are listed below.
For each of these nicknames, trace the origin or meaning of the name. How was it used,
and generally by whom. Does the nickname reflect a particular characteristic or trait of
Ronald W. Reagan?
(1) “Dutch”
(2) “The Gipper”
(3) “The Great Communicator”
(4) “The Teflon President”
36
MS:4 Planning a Journey on the Reagan Trail
Assume that you must plan a trip for a family of four that will take a two-day trip to visit
the main historic and cultural sites along the Ronald W. Reagan Trail in Central Illinois.
You may refer to the map of the Reagan Trail that appears on page 17. Answer the
following questions to help you plan the excursion.
1. Identify four locations (specific sites) that you would visit on the first day of your trip:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2. In which community along the Reagan Trail would your family most likely spend the
night?
3. Identify four locations (specific sites) that you would visit on the second day of your
trip:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4. Remembering that you are planning a two-day trip for a family of four, draw up an
estimated budget for the excursion by considering the following possible expenses:
__________ Food
__________ Lodging
__________ Transportation
__________ Entrance Fees
__________ TOTAL COST
37
MS:5 Library Skills Exercise
1. Provide complete bibliographic citations for three biographies of Ronald W. Reagan:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2. Provide the Dewey Decimal System call number for Where’s the Rest of Me? The
Ronald Reagan Story (1965).
3. Provide a bibliographic citation for a journal article about Ronald W. Reagan that was
written after he left the presidency:
4. Pick a significant issue of the 1980s and find two sources that would give you different
perspectives on the issue. Identify the issue and provide bibliographic citations below:
Issue:
(a)
(b)
38
MS:6 Space Adventure
“Remember this: When we come to the edge of our known world, we’re standing on the
shores of the infinite. Dip your hand in that limitless sea; you’re touching the mystery of
God’s universe. Set sail across its waters and you embark on the boldest, most noble
adventure of all. Out beyond our present horizons lie whole new continents of
possibility, new worlds of hope waiting to be discovered. We’ve traveled far, but we’ve
only begun our journey. There are hungry to feed, sicknesses to cure, and new worlds to
explore. And this is no time for small plans or shrinking ambitions. We stand on the
threshold of an epic age, an age of technological splendor and an explosion of human
potential, an age for heroes. And I think I’m seeing many of them right here in this
room.”
~ President Ronald Reagan
Remarks to participants in the Young
Astronauts Program, June 11, 1986
Procedures
1. Read this quote to your students and have them really think about what it
means. Tell them to think beyond all of the pictures they have seen in the
movies or the tabloids and really imagine what space looks like to them.
2. Their assignment is to imagine they are some of the first astronauts to explore
the first livable planet in outer space. They land their spaceship and really do
some heavy exploring to make sure it would be livable for the human race.
When they find that it would be, they must convince humans to “come
aboard” and make it their new home.
3. They must come up with a catchy phrase to use and a brochure to sell their
reality. Students need to use their imagination to create the “perfect
environment” in which people would choose to live. They could use a known
planet or create one of their own. Pictures, descriptions, and quotes from
other astronauts that went to the planet are all options to be considered when
completing this project.
“Today vistas beyond imagination are being opened for humanity in space. A new future
of freedom, both peaceful and bountiful, is being created. And America is telling the
world: Follow us. We’ll lead you there. This is the mission for which our nation itself
was created, and we ask for God’s guidance. America’s as large as the universe, as
infinite as space, as limitless as the vision and courage of her people.”
~ President Ronald Reagan
Remarks congratulating the crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery, October 14, 1988
39
MS:7 All in the Family
Use either a biography of Ronald Reagan or an encyclopedia article to answer the
following questions about the Reagan family.
_______________ (1) The name of Ronald Reagan’s father.
_______________ (2) The name of Ronald Reagan’s mother.
_______________ (3) The nickname that Ronald Reagan’s father gave him as a child.
_______________ (4) The name of Ronald Reagan’s brother
_______________ (5) The nickname of Ronald Reagan’s brother.
_______________ (6) The name of Ronald Reagan’s first wife.
_______________ (7) The name of Ronald Reagan’s second wife.
_______________ (8) The names of Ronald Reagan’s four children.
_______________ (9) “
”
_______________ (10) “
”
_______________ (11) “
”
_______________ (12) Ronald Reagan was born in ___, Illinois, in 1911.
_______________ (13) The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is located in ___, Illinois.
_______________ (14) Both of the Reagan brothers attended college at ___ in Illinois.
_______________ (15) Reagan family ancestors came to America from ___ (what
country).
40
MS:8 Now Where Was That Located?
After viewing the short video that describes the Illinois communities connected by the
Reagan Trail, see if you can answer the following questions.
___ (1) Ronald Reagan was born in (A) Dixon. (B) Tampico. (C) Walnut. (D) Eureka.
___ (2) Ronald Reagan went to high school in (A) East Peoria. (B) Henry. (C) Dixon.
(D) Ohio.
___ (3) Ronald Reagan went to college in (A) Eureka. (B) Peoria. (C) Dixon.
(D) Princeton.
___ (4) The “Wings of Peace and Freedom” Memorial is located in (A) Eureka.
(B) Tampico. (C) Chillicothe. (D) Dixon.
___ (5) The largest community located along the Reagan Trail is (A) East Peoria.
(B) Eureka. (C) Peoria. (D) Dixon.
___ (6) The Owen Lovejoy Homestead is located in (A) Tampico. (B) Henry. (C) Dixon.
(D) Princeton.
___ (7) An actual portion of the Berlin Wall can be found in (A) Princeton. (B) Henry.
(C) Peoria. (D) Eureka.
___ (8) The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is located in (A) Tampico. (B) Eureka.
(C) Dixon. (D) Washington.
___ (9) The Reagan Peace Garden is located in (A) Dixon. (B) Walnut. (C) Eureka.
(D) Ohio.
___ (10) Lowell Park is located along the Rock River in (A) Tampico. (B) Dixon.
(C) Eureka. (D) Henry.
41
MS:9 Reading Charts
Election of 1980
Name of
Candidate
Popular
Votes
John Anderson (I)
5,720,060
Percentage
Popular
Vote
6.61%
Electoral Votes
Number of States
Carried
0
0
Jimmy Carter (D)
35,483,883
41.01%
49
6
Ronald Reagan (R)
43,904,153
50.75%
489
44
Election of 1984
Name of Candidate
Popular
Votes
Walter Mondale (D)
37,577,185
Percentage
Popular
Vote
41.03%
Ronald Reagan (R)
54,455,075
58.77%
Electoral Votes
Number of States
Carried
13
1
525
49
Using the two charts that are located above, answer the following questions:
(1) The elections of 1980 and 1984 are often described as “landslide” victories for
Ronald Reagan. Is this an accurate statement? Upon what basis can they be viewed as
landslide victories? Does any evidence in the charts indicate anything different?
(2) Was Walter Mondale’s candidacy in 1984 more or less successful than Jimmy
Carter’s candidacy had been in 1980? What evidence from the charts can you cite to
support your position?
(3) Do the charts produce any evidence of “crossover” voting patterns – for example,
Republicans voting for a Democratic candidate, or Democrats voting for a Republican
candidate?
42
MS:10 Interpreting Election Results I
Election of 1980
COUNTY
Bureau
County
Knox
County
Lee
County
Marshall
County
Peoria
County
Putnam
County
Tazewell
County
Warren
County
Whiteside
County
Woodford
County
John Anderson (I)
Jimmy Carter (D)
Ronald Reagan (R)
1,093
5,753
11,484
2,069
8,749
14,907
781
3,170
11,373
336
1,903
4,349
6,169
28,276
47,815
235
1,158
1,959
3,206
16,924
35,481
489
2,756
5,667
1,242
7,191
17,389
711
3,552
10,791
Total Votes
Using the chart that is presented here and a calculator, answer the following questions:
(1) In which of the Reagan Trail counties did Ronald Reagan capture the greatest
percentage of the votes cast in 1980?
(2) In which of the Reagan Trail counties did Ronald Reagan capture the smallest
percentage of the votes cast in 1980?
(3) In which of the Reagan Trail counties was the 1980 contest between Jimmy Carter
and Ronald Reagan the most competitive?
43
MS:11 Interpreting Election Results II
Election of 1984
COUNTY
Bureau
County
Knox
County
Lee
County
Marshall
County
Peoria
County
Putnam
County
Tazewell
County
Warren
County
Whiteside
County
Woodford
County
Walter Mondale (D)
Ronald Reagan (R)
6,925
11,741
12,027
14,974
3,919
11,178
2,386
4,060
36,830
45,607
1,487
1,912
23,095
33,782
3,318
5,846
11,226
16,743
4,425
10,758
Total Votes
Using the chart that is presented here and a calculator, answer the following questions:
(1) In which of the Reagan Trail counties did Ronald Reagan capture the greatest
percentage of the votes cast in 1984?
(2) In which of the Reagan Trail counties did Ronald Reagan capture the smallest
percentage of the votes cast in 1984?
(3) In which of the Reagan Trail counties was the 1984 contest between Walter Mondale
and Ronald Reagan the most competitive?
44
MS:12 Unscramble the Quotation
Ronald Reagan on Government
A B C D E
2
6
6
E
25 26 11
8
P
14 11
T
10 26
8
T
E
8 1
0
13
F G H I J K L M N O P
1
4
1
3
24
2
6
22
9
E
17 26
2
T
10
E
1
2
6
8
T
21 23 17 23 10 22
T
10
8
P
14 11
8
E
26
15 22
.
1
1
9
T
10
2
6
1
1
9
E
26
5
20 11
8
23 22
E
26
6 8 2
5
E
26
23 9
T
10
2
45
E
26 24
17
E
2
6
18
U V W X Y Z
T
23 22 10 22
E
1
3
T
10
Q R S T
1
0
3
8
2
6
1
1
9
9 1
7
19
T
10
8
2
13
E
T
2
6
9 1
0
23
T
10
E
19 26 2 23 19 23 9
15
22
20
11
8
22
6
17
8
15
11
22
E
26
21
25
E
26
.
22
MS:13 Facts about Illinois
____________________ (1) What is the capital of Illinois?
____________________ (2) Where was Ronald Reagan born?
____________________ (3) What is the Illinois State Bird?
____________________ (4) What are Illinois’ nicknames?
____________________ (5) When did Illinois become a state?
____________________ (6) What is the state flower of Illinois?
____________________ (7) How many people live in Illinois?
____________________ (8) What is the name of the national hockey team in llinois?
____________________ (9) What states border Illinois?
____________________ (10) What bird is on the Illinois State Flag?
____________________ (11) What are the major industries of Illinois?
____________________ (12) What is the Illinois state tree?
____________________ (13) What is Illinois’ urban population?
____________________ (14) What is Illinois’ rural population?
____________________ (15) What is the average family size in Illinois?
____________________ (16) How many people in Illinois are enrolled in either
elementary or high school?
____________________ (17) How many people in Illinois are enrolled in college?
____________________ (18) What is the Illinois state motto?
____________________ (19) What is the Illinois state song?
____________________ (20) What Great Lake borders Illinois?
46
MS:14 Story Problems
1. In the 1980 Presidential Election, 43,267,489 people voted for Ronald Reagan,
34,964,583 people voted for Jimmy Carter, and 5,588,014 voted for John B.
Anderson. How many people in the United States voted that year? How many
did not vote for Ronald Reagan?
2. In 1984, Ronald Reagan ran against Walter F. Mondale for the Presidency.
Reagan received 53, 428,357 popular votes and 525 electoral votes and Mondale
received 36,930,923 popular votes and 13 electoral votes. How many electoral
votes were cast? How many popular votes were cast?
3. If Ronald Reagan was Governor of California from 1967 –75 and President of the
United States from 1981 – 89, how many years did he hold a government office?
4. While President, Ronald Reagan earned $200,000 per year plus a $50,000
expense account. How much total income did he earn for the eight years he was
President?
47
MS:15 Facts about Washington, D.C.
____________________ (1) How many years did President Reagan and the First
Lady live in D.C.?
____________________ (2) What is the address of the White House?
____________________ (3) Does the capital have its own flag?
____________________ (4) What is the total population of Washington, D.C.?
____________________ (5) What is the average family size in Washington, D.C.?
____________________ (6) Who is our federal district (D.C.) named after?
____________________ (7) What industries form the entire economic base of
the capital?
____________________ (8) What is the motto of Washington, D.C.?
____________________ (9) What is the official flower of the capital?
____________________ (10) What states border the capital?
____________________ (11) What transportation center in D.C. was renamed for
President Reagan?
____________________ (12) Who was hired in 1790 to design our nation’s capital?
____________________ (13) What river runs through the national capital?
____________________ (14) What three memorials in D.C. were named after
former Presidents.
____________________ (15) Name the first president to live in the White House?
____________________ (16) What is the name of the capital’s NFL team?
____________________ (17) Where did the assassination attempt take place against
President Reagan?
____________________ (18) What is the official bird of the capital?
____________________ (19) When was Washington, D.C. admitted to the Union?
____________________ (20) What is the largest museum in Washington, D.C.?
48
MS:16 Build Your Own City
Materials:
Poster Board
Markers
Colored Pencils
Procedures:
1. Every time a new President is elected he and his family move to the White
House in our nation’s capital, Washington, D.C.
2. Washington, D.C. was actually our nation’s first city to be constructed from a
formal plan. Men sat down and decided where they wanted all of the
important government buildings to go as well as the schools, stores, and
police stations.
3. Tell the class that they are going to be making their own cities, completely
using their imaginations. They will need to think of all the necessities it will
need to serve its people, everything from grocery stores to police stations.
You can brainstorm with the kids to think of all the different buildings that
will need to be constructed depending on the size of everyone’s town or city.
4. After a while tell them to begin sketching out their plans with pencil onto their
poster board. Remind them to include parking lots, roads and enough room
for people to get around. Everything should be drawn as if from an aerial
view.
5. Give them a few days to finish and then display them around the room. Be
sure they each give their new population a name and then let the class walk
around and look at everyone’s designs.
Adaptations:
The work could be done individually or in a group, whichever is preferred.
49
MS:17 Municipalities Along the Reagan Trail
[You may refer to the map of the Reagan Trail that appears on page 17]
For each of the following communities found along the Reagan Trail, answer the
following questions:
•
•
•
•
In which county is the community located?
Is the community considered to be a village, a town, or a city?
According to the most recent census, what is the community’s population?
If the community has a mayor, who currently serves in that position?
The communities to be researched are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bureau
Chillicothe
Dixon
East Peoria
Eureka
Galesburg
Henry
Monmouth
Ohio
Peoria
Princeton
Sparland-Lacon
Tampico
Walnut
Washington
50
MS:18 Oral History: The Cold War
Materials
For this lesson the students will need access to tape recorders or video cameras for
interviews.
Procedures
1. This project gives students an opportunity to make the Cold War come alive by
interviewing adults who remember growing up in the United States during such
an uncertain time in history.
2. Begin the project by making sure all the students have someone in mind that they
could interview about the experience of going to school and living in the United
States in the 1950s and 1960s.
3. Go over with the students, specific Cold War terminology so that they are familiar
with words they will need to ask their interviewee about. Terms such as: Abomb, H-bomb, Air-raid drill, radioactive fallout, bomb shelter, Intercontinental
ballistic missile (ICBM), Gorbachev and Reagan.
4. Brainstorm with class to come up with specific questions that could be asked
during the interview. Such as:
a. When you were a child did you hear people talk about atomic bombs?
How did people seem to feel about nuclear war?
b. Did you understand who the enemy was?
c. Did you ever hear about or see a bomb shelter? What supplies were in
these?
d. Do you remember seeing movies or television shows about nuclear
destruction?
5. Remind the students about the basics of setting up and conducting a personal
interview.
6. Remind the students what to do after the interview.
7. Have each student give a 3 to 5 minute presentation to the class summarizing their
interview. Allow the class to comment on each other’s presentations with their
own interview similarities.
8. Discuss with the class the similarities and differences of growing up in the 1950s
and 1960s as compared to today.
Adaptation
Instead of sending students out to do one-on-one interviews, invite to class someone
who went to an American public school during these two decades. The guest could
talk about how the thought of nuclear war affected their day-to-day school lives and
the students could have pre-prepared questions for him or her.
51
MS:19 Library Research Projects
1. Students choose a particular day in President Reagan’s history and write a journal
entry as if they were experiencing that day as President Reagan. The students
will research that day in the library and be able to provide historical evidence on
what occurred that day. Examples might include: Election Day, Inauguration
Day, the Day of the Challenger Explosion, a visit back to Eureka College.
2. Students research Reagan’s two terms as President – comparing and contrasting
them. This could be done as a group project, since so many different aspects will
need to be considered. President Reagan’s views and policies, world events and
his cabinet are all some of the perspectives that will need to be considered.
3. Students construct the front page of a newspaper from one of the important years
in President Reagan’s life. Students include the major events of that year on their
paper and write everything as if it were an actual newspaper.
4. Students construct a visual “time capsule” from the 1980s. In groups, the
students research different aspects of this decade. Areas to be looked at would be
politics, music, fashion, and entertainment. Their research is presented on a
poster board and will then be displayed in the room. This is a chance for the
students to show off their creativity and especially great for the artistic kids in
class. Time capsules could also be done from his college years, Governor years,
and Presidential years specifically.
5. Students research the major world powers during Reagan’s Presidency.
Biographies could be done on the leaders of each country as well as reports on the
governments and the stability of each leading country.
52
MS:20 Definitions
The following words all relate to our government in some way or another. Give a
definition for each.
1. Inauguration
2. Electoral College
3. Supreme Court
4. Congress
5. Election Day
6. Executive Branch
7. Legislative Branch
8. Judicial Branch
9. Oval Office
10. Pentagon
53
HIGH SCHOOL RESOURCES
HS:1 Ronald Reagan: Movie Star
HS:2 Iran-Contra Affair
HS:3 President Reagan’s Cabinet Members
HS:4 DBQ: Challenger Disaster - January 28, 1986
HS:5 DBQ: Alzheimer’s Announcement, November 5, 1994
HS:6 A Visit to Eureka College
HS:7 President Reagan’s Views on Peace
HS:8 DBQ: President Reagan Speaks at Normandy, June 6, 1984
HS:9 The Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College
HS:10 Tough Reagan Trivia Items
HS:11 1911 Trivia
HS:12 1921 Trivia
HS:13 1928 Trivia
HS:14 World Leaders of the Reagan Era
HS:15 Reagan and Eureka College
HS:16 DBQ Analyzing Editorial Opinion
HS:17 DBQ Music as Social Commentary
HS:18 A Calling to Service
HS:19 1980s Popular Culture
HS:20 Cold War Presidents Project
54
HS:1 Ronald Reagan: Movie Star
__________________ (1) Name of the Hollywood studio that offered Ronald Reagan an
actor=s contract in 1937 to make films.
__________________ (2) This 1938 film was the first in which Ronald Reagan had the
leading male actor role.
__________________ (3) This Ronald Reagan film also featured his brother Neil.
__________________ (4) Name the 1938 film in which Ronald Reagan co-starred with
Jane Wyman.
__________________ (5) Name the chimpanzee that was featured in a classic 1951
Reagan film.
__________________ (6) Ronald Reagan earned a nickname from the character he
portrayed in Knute Rockne: All American. What was the
nickname?
__________________ (7) Knute Rockne was a very famous football coach. Where did
he coach?
__________________ (8) What was the name of the character that Ronald Reagan
played in the film King=s Row?
__________________ (9) This line from King=s Row became the title of Ronald
Reagan=s 1965 autobiography.
__________________ (10) Name the 1957 film in which Ronald Reagan co-starred with
Nancy Davis.
__________________ (11) This 1940 film told the story of ABleeding Kansas.@
__________________ (12) This 1964 film was the last movie that Ronald Reagan made
before he entered California politics.
55
HS:2 Iran-Contra Affair
__________________ (1) The contras were fighting a civil war against the communistbacked government of this Central American nation.
__________________ (2) Name the specific group that the contras were fighting.
__________________ (3) Iran was at war with ___ during the 1980s.
__________________ (4) ___ was the leader of Iran during most of the 1980s.
__________________ (5) Legislation known as the ___ made it illegal for the U.S.
to supply the contras without congressional action.
__________________ (6) This Marine lieutenant colonel was the key figure of IranContra Affair.
__________________ (7) ___ was the White House Chief of Staff who eventually lost
his job because of Iran-Contra.
__________________ (8) ___ was Chairman of the National Security Council (19831985)
__________________ (9) ___ was Chairman of the National Security Council (19851986)
__________________ (10) This judge was named Special Prosecutor to investigate the
Iran-Contra Affair.
__________________ (11) ___ was the Secretary of Defense at the time of Iran-Contra.
__________________ (12) ___ was the Secretary of State at the time of Iran-Contra.
__________________ (13) ___ was the Attorney General at the time of Iran-Contra.
__________________ (14) ___ was a former CIA director who was implicated in the
Iran-Contra Affair.
__________________ (15) This U.S. Senator from Texas was appointed to head a
special
56
commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair.
57
HS:3 President Reagan’s Cabinet Members
A. Secretary of Agriculture
B. Secretary of Commerce
C. Secretary of Defense
D. Secretary of Education
E. Secretary of Energy
F. Secretary of Health & Human Services
G. Secretary of Housing & Urban Development
H. Secretary of Interior
I. Attorney General
J. Secretary of Labor
K. Secretary of State
L. Secretary of Transportation
M. Secretary of Treasury
___ (1) James A. Baker
___ (23) Edwin Meese
___ (2) Malcolm Baldridge
___ (24) Samuel R. Pierce
___ (3) Terrel Bell
___ (25) Donald T. Regan
___ (4) William J. Bennett
___ (26) Richard S. Schweiker
___ (5) John R. Block
___ (27) George P. Shultz
___ (6) Otis R. Bowen
___ (28) William French Smith
___ (7) Nicholas F. Brady
___ (29) Richard Thornburgh
___ (8) William E. Brock
___ (30) C. William Verrity, Jr.
___ (9) James Burnley IV
___ (31) James G. Watt
___ (10) Frank Carlucci
___ (32) Caspar W. Weinberger
___ (11) Lauro F. Cavazos
___ (12) William P. Clark
___ (13) Elizabeth H. Dole
___ (14) Raymond J. Donovan
___ (15) James B. Edwards
___ (16) Alexander M. Haig, Jr.
___ (17) Margaret M. Heckler
___ (18) John S. Herrington
___ (19) Donald P. Hodel
___ (20) Andrew L. Lewis
___ (21) Richard E. Lyng
___ (22) Ann McLaughlin
58
HS:4 DBQ: Challenger Disaster - January 28, 1986
Ladies and Gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union,
but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning
and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.
We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.
Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the
ground. But we've never lost an astronaut in flight; we've never had a tragedy like this. And
perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger
Seven, were aware of the dangers, overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn
seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka,
Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together.
[To] the families of the seven: we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we
feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and
brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, AGive me a challenge, and
I'll meet it with joy.@ They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They
wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us. We've grown used to wonders in this
century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for 25 years the United States space program has been doing
just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and perhaps we forget that we've only just
begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.
And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live
coverage of the shuttle's takeoff. I know it is hard to understand, but sometimes painful things
like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a
chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs
to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow
them.
I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program, and what happened today does
nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover
things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't
change it for a minute. We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and
more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing
ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue. I want to add that I wish I could talk to every
man and woman who works for NASA or who worked on this mission and tell them: AYour
dedication and professionalism have moved an impressed us for decades. And we know of your
anguish. We share it.@
There' s a coincidence today. On this day 390 years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake
died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans,
and an historian later said, AHe lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it.@ Well today
we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.
59
The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their
lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared
for their journey and waved goodbye and Aslipped the surly bonds of earth@ to Atouch the face
of God.@
Thank you.
_____
Having read President Reagan=s remarks to the nation, answer the following questions:
(1) What specific groups does the president address in his remarks, and what does he say to
each?
(2) How does the president frame the events of the day in a historical context?
(3) What part of the speech do you find to be the most moving?
60
HS:5 DBQ: Alzheimer’s Announcement, November 5, 1994
Read the following historical document. Answer the questions that follow.
Nov. 5, 1994
My fellow Americans,
I have recently been told that I am one of the millions of Americans who will be afflicted with
Alzheimer's disease.
Upon learning this news, Nancy and I had to decide whether as private citizens we would keep
this a private matter or whether we would make this news known in a public way.
In the past, Nancy suffered from breast cancer and I had cancer surgeries. We found through
our open disclosures we were able to raise public awareness. We were happy that as a result
many more people underwent testing. They were treated in early stages and able to return to
normal, healthy lives.
So now we feel it is important to share it with you. In opening our hearts, we hope this might
promote greater awareness of this condition. Perhaps it will encourage a clear understanding
of the individuals and families who are affected by it.
At the moment, I feel just fine. I intend to live the remainder of the years God gives me on this
earth doing the things I have always done. I will continue to share life's journey with my
beloved Nancy and my family. I plan to enjoy the great outdoors and stay in touch with my
friends and supporters.
Unfortunately, as Alzheimer's disease progresses, the family often bears a heavy burden. I only
wish there was some way I could spare Nancy from this painful experience. When the time
comes, I am confident that with your help she will face it with faith and courage.
In closing, let me thank you, the American people, for giving me the great honor of allowing me
to serve as your president. When the Lord calls me home, whenever that may be, I will leave the
greatest love for this country of ours and eternal optimism for its future.
I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America
there will always be a bright dawn ahead.
Thank you, my friends.
Sincerely,
Ronald Reagan
61
(1) Why did former President Reagan decide to make his illness a public matter?
(2) What particular phrases did President Reagan use to describe this disease and its effects?
(3) What different types of emotions are touched by various portions of the letter? Explain.
(4) Is there anything that you believe should have been included in the letter, but was not
included? Explain.
(5) What effect did this letter have on educating the public about this disease?
62
HS:6 A Visit to Eureka College
After visiting Eureka College, you should be able to answer the following questions:
(1) What is meant by the term burgoo. How is it related to the history of Eureka College?
(2) Explain the significance of AThe Recruiting Elm@ at Eureka College.
(3) Who were the abolitionists? How does their story relate to the history of Eureka College?
(4) What special aspects of women=s history are associated with the history of Eureka College?
(5) Why is a portion of the Berlin Wall found today at Eureka College?
63
HS:7 President Reagan’s Views on Peace
1
2
3
4
2
3
11
6
2
7
4
2
8
12
11
14
9
9
10
2
3
11
4
8
1
16
5
9
10
11
5
3
4
2
12
2
1
2
5
6
7
14
What does this quotation mean to you?
64
8
9
9
10
2
13
4
8
7
12
5
13
5
9
15
4
8
7
12
13
17
2
3
13
5
4
9
8
5
4
9
7
6
9
HERE ARE YOUR CLUES FOR SOLVING THIS PUZZLE:
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
12
10
__ __ __ __ __ __
16
Ronald Reagan was the ___ (number) President of the U.S.
Reagan had been a lifeguard at __ Park on the Rock River.
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ Ronald Reagan was born in __ in 1911.
9
17
8
__ __ __ __
11
6
Ronald Reagan=s Vice President, 1981-89.
__ __ __ __ __ __
2
3
Ronald Reagan graduated from __ College in 1932.
__ __ __ __ __
14
4
Ronald Reagan=s nickname when he was young.
__ __ __ __ __
5
7
Ronald Reagan graduated from high school in __, Illinois.
__ __ __ __ __ __
1
13
__ __ __ __ __
15
The Solidarity Labor Movement was organized in __.
__ supported international terrorists in the 1980s.
65
HS:8 DBQ: President Reagan Speaks at Normandy, June 6, 1984
Ronald Reagan=s Speech on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day
Pointe de Hoc, Normandy, France, June 6, 1984
We're here to mark that day in history when the Allied peoples joined in battle to reclaim this
continent to liberty. For four long years, much of Europe had been under a terrible shadow.
Free nations had fallen, Jews cried out in the camps, millions cried out for liberation. Europe
was enslaved, and the world prayed for its rescue. Here in Normandy the rescue began. Here
the Allies stood and fought against tyranny in a giant undertaking unparalleled in human
history.
We stand on a lonely, windswept point on the northern shore of France. The air is soft, but forty
years ago at this moment, the air was dense with smoke and the cries of men, and the air was
filled with the crack of rifle fire and the roar of cannon. At dawn, on the morning of the 6th of
June 1944, 225 Rangers jumped off the British landing craft and ran to the bottom of these cliffs.
Their mission was one of the most difficult and daring of the invasion: to climb these sheer and
desolate cliffs and take out the enemy guns. The Allies had been told that some of the mightiest
of these guns were here and they would be trained on the beaches to stop the Allied advance.
The Rangers looked up and saw the enemy soldiers--at the edge of the cliffs shooting down at
them with machine-guns and throwing grenades. And the American Rangers began to climb.
They shot rope ladders over the face of these cliffs and began to pull themselves up. When one
Ranger fell, another would take his place. When one rope was cut, a Ranger would grab
another and begin his climb again. They climbed, shot back, and held their footing. Soon, one
by one, the Rangers pulled themselves over the top, and in seizing the firm land at the top of
these cliffs, they began to seize back the continent of Europe. Two hundred and twenty-five came
here. After two days of fighting only ninety could still bear arms.
Behind me is a memorial that symbolizes the Ranger daggers that were thrust into the top of
these cliffs. And before me are the men who put them there.
These are the boys of Pointe du Hoc. These are the men who took the cliffs. These are the
champions who helped free a continent. These are the heroes who helped end a war.
Gentlemen, I look at you and I think of the words of Stephen Spender's poem. You are men who
in your 'lives fought for life . . . and left the vivid air signed with your honor . . .=
Forty summers have passed since the battle that you fought here. You were young the day you
took these cliffs; some of you were hardly more than boys, with the deepest joys of life before
you. Yet you risked everything here. Why? Why did you do it? What impelled you to put aside
the instinct for self-preservation and risk your lives to take these cliffs? What inspired all the
men of the armies that met here? We look at you, and somehow we know the answer. It was
faith, and belief; it was loyalty and love.
66
The men of Normandy had faith that what they were doing was right, faith that they
fought for all humanity, faith that a just God would grant them mercy on this beachhead
or on the next. It was the deep knowledge--and pray God we have not lost it--that there
is a profound moral difference between the use of force for liberation and the use of force
for conquest. You were here to liberate, not to conquer, and so you and those others did
not doubt your cause. And you were right not to doubt.
You all knew that some things are worth dying for. One's country is worth dying for, and
democracy is worth dying for, because it's the most deeply honorable form of government
ever devised by man. All of you loved liberty. All of you were willing to fight tyranny,
and you knew the people of your countries were behind you.
After having read this primary document, answer the following questions:
(1) How does President Reagan use history to frame his remarks?
(2) What is the larger message that President Reagan sought to communicate through this
speech?
(3) What part of the speech do you consider to be the most moving? Why?
67
HS:9 The Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College
After you have visited the Reagan Peace Garden, respond to the following questions:
1. Identify three different examples of symbolism that you found in the Reagan Peace
Garden:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2. Which of the quotations on the monument pedestal was most meaningful to you?
Why?
3. Why is the Berlin Wall especially significant in history?
4. Describe the appearance of the Berlin Wall. Why are its two sides so different?
5. Why do some people consider the START Speech to mark the beginning of the end of
the Cold War?
68
HS:10 Tough Reagan Trivia Items
____________________ (1) Who was Ronald Reagan’s football coach at Eureka
College?
____________________ (2) In 1976, Ronald Reagan had indicated that this
Pennsylvania Senator would be his Vice Presidential
running-mate if he got the Republican nomination.
____________________ (3) Ronald W. Reagan was the nation’s fortieth president.
What was his middle name?
____________________ (4) Besides Illinois and California, what was the only other
state
in which Ronald W. Reagan was ever a legal resident?
____________________ (5) How old was Ronald W. Reagan when he was first elected
president in 1980?
____________________ (6) In what city is Reagan National Airport located?
____________________ (7) What Illinois town was home to both Ronald W. Reagan
and Nancy Davis Reagan when they were children?
____________________ (8) In what year did Ronald W. Reagan officially switch his
political party affiliation from the Democratic to the
Republican Party?
____________________ (9) Who was the incumbent California Governor that Ronald
W. Reagan defeated in November 1966?
____________________ (10) Whom did Ronald W. Reagan defeat in 1970 when he won
reelection to a second term as Governor of California?
____________________ (11) Name the only state that President Reagan did not carry
during his 1984 reelection electoral landslide.
____________________ (12) Who was the principal third-party candidate who also
sought the presidency in 1980 when Ronald Reagan
challenged incumbent President Jimmy Carter.
____________________ (13) What movie-inspired nickname was associated with the
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) that was advocated by
President Reagan.
____________________ (14) Name the two leaders of the Soviet Union who served brief
terms between the time of Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail
Gorbachev.
____________________ (15)
69
HS:11 1911 Trivia
____________________ (1) Who was the President of the U.S. in 1911?
____________________ (2) How many states made up the U.S. in 1911?
____________________ (3) Who won the World Series in 1911?
____________________ (4) Was 1911 a leap year?
____________________ (5) Ronald Reagan was born on February 6 - what day of the
week?
____________________ (6) Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911?
____________________ (7) The most recent summer Olympics had been held in ___.
____________________ (8) In the most recent census (1910), Illinois population was
___.
____________________ (9) Who was the Governor of Illinois in 1911?
____________________ (10) Where was Ronald Reagan living in 1911?
____________________ (11) ___ won the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911 with an average
speed of 74.59 mph.
____________________ (12) The author Jack London published the novel ___ in 1911.
____________________ (13) The song AAlexander=s Ragtime Band@ was composed
by
___ in 1911.
____________________ (14) On May 15, 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the
breakup of the ___ because it violated antitrust laws.
____________________ (15) The American industrialist ___ organized a charitable
foundation in 1911 with 125 million dollars to be
distributed toward good causes.
____________________ (16) In New York City, 146 workers perished in a fire that took
place at the ___, a sweatshop that operated in the garment
district.
____________________ (17) How many amendments to the U.S. Constitution existed in
1911?
____________________ (18) A major revolution took place in ___ when an imperial
dynasty was overthrown and a republic was created.
____________________ (19) The explorer ___ reached the South Pole in 1911.
70
____________________ (20) A horse named ___ won the Kentucky Derby in 1911.
71
HS:12 1921 Trivia
____________________ (1) Who was the President of the U.S. in 1921?
____________________ (2) How many states made up the U.S. in 1921?
____________________ (3) Who won the World Series in 1921?
____________________ (4) Was 1921 a leap year?
____________________ (5) Ronald Reagan birthday (Feb. 6) fell on what day of the
week?
____________________ (6) Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921?
____________________ (7) The most recent summer Olympics had been held in ___.
____________________ (8) In the most recent census (1920), Illinois population was
___.
____________________ (9) Who was the Governor of Illinois in 1921?
____________________ (10) Where was Ronald Reagan living in 1921?
____________________ (11) Nov. 11 became a legal holiday in 1921. It was called ___.
____________________ (12) ___ defended his world heavyweight boxing champion title
in 1921. It was the first prizefight to draw a one million
dollar gate.
____________________ (13) The best-selling novel of 1921 was The Shiek by Edith W.
Hull. When it was made into a movie, ___ was the leading
actor.
____________________ (14) ___ was able to test his theory about air power by sinking a
vessel with a bomb dropped from an airplane in 1921.
____________________ (15) Author Edith Wharton won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel
___.
____________________ (16) How many amendments to the U.S. Constitution existed in
1921?
____________________ (17) The famous trial of Sacco & Vanzetti took place in the
state of ___ in 1921.
____________________ (18) In the wake of the First World War, the nation of ___ was
told that it was responsible for paying some $33 billion in
reparations.
____________________ (19) The ___ were the 1921 Stanley Cup winners in hockey.
____________________ (20) A horse named ___ won the Kentucky Derby in 1921.
72
HS:13 1928 Trivia
____________________ (1) Who was the President of the U.S. in 1928?
____________________ (2) How many states made up the U.S. in 1928?
____________________ (3) Who won the World Series in 1928?
____________________ (4) Was 1928 a leap year?
____________________ (5) Ronald Reagan=s birthday (Feb. 6) fell on what day of the
week?
____________________ (6) Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1928?
____________________ (7) The 1928 summer Olympics were held in ___.
____________________ (8) In the most recent census (1920), Illinois population was
___.
____________________ (9) Who was the Governor of Illinois in 1928?
____________________ (10) Where was Ronald Reagan living in 1928?
____________________ (11) In the ___ nations of the world signed a treaty that
outlawed war and called upon nations to settle disputes
with arbitration.
____________________ (12) Walt Disney introduced the character ___ in the 1928
cartoon Plane Crazy.
____________________ (13) In 1928 author Thornton Wilder won the Pulitzer Prize for
his novel ___.
____________________ (14) In 1928 the first Academy Awards (Oscars) were given.
That year, ___ won the Oscar for Best Picture.
____________________ (15) In 1928, ___ became the first woman to fly across the
Atlantic Ocean.
____________________ (16) How many amendments to the U.S. Constitution existed in
1928?
____________________ (17) Alexander Fleming discovered ___ in 1928.
____________________ (18) ___ started his expedition to Antarctica in 1928 & returned
in 1930.
____________________ (19) The ___ won the Stanley Cup in hockey in 1928.
____________________ (20) A horse named ___ won the Kentucky Derby in 1928.
73
HS:14 World Leaders of the Reagan Era
The following individuals were world leaders during all or part of the 1980s. For each of
these world leaders, research the answers to the following questions:
(a) What did they govern?
(b) What type of government did they serve (ex, democracy, communism, theocracy,
etc.)
(c) Describe the relationship between this leader and the U.S. during the 1980s.
(d) What eventually happened to this world leader (ex, retired, defeated, overthrown,
etc.)
(1) Fidel Castro
(2) Indira Gandhi
(3) Mikhail Gorbachev
(4) Saddam Hussein
(5) Wojciech Jaruzelski
(6) John Paul II
(7) Kim Il Sung
(8) Ruhollah Khomeini
(9) Helmut Kohl
(10) Ferdinand Marcos
(11) François Mitterand
(12) Hosnei Mubarak
(13) Brian Mulroney
(14) Daniel Ortega
(15) Muammar Qaddafi
(16) Jerry J. Rawlings
(17) Yitzhak Shamir
(18) Margaret Thatcher
(19) Kurt Waldheim
(20) Deng Xiaoping
74
HS:15 Reagan and Eureka College
After having toured the Eureka College campus and visited the Ronald Reagan Museum,
you should be able to answer the following questions about Ronald Reagan and Eureka
College:
____________________ (1) Ronald Reagan graduated from Eureka College in the year
___.
____________________ (2) Ronald Reagan joined the ___ fraternity when in college.
____________________ (3) For a part-time job, Reagan washed dishes in a girl=s
dormitory that was called ___.
____________________ (4) Besides football, Reagan was involved in one other sport,
___.
____________________ (5) Reagan was involved in what controversial action during the
fall semester of his freshman year?
____________________ (6) What position in student government did Reagan hold
during his senior year in college?
____________________ (7) In what year did former President Reagan make his last visit
to Eureka College?
____________________ (8) What was Ronald Reagan=s nickname when he was in
college?
____________________ (9) What was Ronald Reagan=s major when he graduated from
college?
____________________ (10) Who was Ronald Reagan=s college sweetheart?
____________________ (11) ___, the eldest child of President Reagan, served as a
Trustee of Eureka College, her father=s alma mater.
____________________ (12) ___, the older brother of Ronald Reagan, also graduated
from Eureka College.
____________________ (13) Ronald Reagan=s football coach when he was a student
was
___.
____________________ (14) In what year did Ronald Reagan receive an honorary
degree from Eureka College?
____________________ (15) On what date did President Reagan deliver the famous
START Speech at Eureka College?
____________________ (16) When Governor Reagan spoke at the dedication of ___ in
1967, a crowd of 5,000 people attended the event.
____________________ (17) Ronald Reagan won an award for his college acting for a
role in the play ___.
____________________ (18) How many times (or terms) did Ronald Reagan serve on
the Board of Trustees for Eureka College?
____________________ (19) What is the official name of the building on the Eureka
College campus that is named for the Reagan brothers?
75
HS:16 DBQ Analyzing Editorial Opinion
The following editorial appeared in the November 19, 2001 edition of The Pantagraph
(Bloomington, IL). Read the editorial and then answer the questions that follow it.
Hastert Sets Bad Example Pushing Reagan Project
U.S. Rep. Joel Hefley, R-Colo., deserves the "tell-it-like-it-is" award for his adept
analysis of House Speaker Dennis Hastert's push to have a house in which Ronald
Reagan once lived made part of the National Park Service system.
"Make no mistake, this bill is before you in this form today only because the Speaker
wants it," Hefley told his fellow lawmakers.
Hefley attempted to have a very reasonable amendment tacked on to the "boyhood home"
measure: Action should be delayed until completion of an Interior Department feasibility
study. But it was shot down. Instead, by a voice vote, the House approved making the
Dixon house - which happens to be in Republican Hastert's northern Illinois district - a
national historic site.
The house in Dixon is among a series of houses Reagan called home as a boy. He lived
there only three years. It's unclear what the National Park Service's role will be in
managing it.
It's also not known how much the government will have to pay for the house, now owned
and operated by the private Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home Foundation. The
Congressional Budget office estimated acquisition costs at $400,000 without visiting the
site. However, the chairman of the foundation has talked about $3 million to $5 million
as an asking price.
A picture of this house could be placed in a dictionary next to the definition of porkbarrel politics.
There is still hope the Senate will see through this charade, not be concerned about
offending the speaker of the House and reject this bill. But, in some ways, the damage
has been done.
How can Hastert persuade other congressmen to practice the fiscal frugality that
taxpayers desire and deserve from their elected officials after bullying through such a
project? "Do as I say, not as I do" is not a persuasive argument. It seldom works for
parents, and never works for politicians.
76
(1) What is the editorial writer’s opinion on the measure that Congress is
considering?
(2) What are the primary arguments that the editorial writer uses to support this
opinion?
(3) Is there an alternative plan of action that is suggested by the editorial writer?
(4) After reading this editorial, write a reader’s response in the form of a “letter to the
editor” in which you either support or challenge the ideas that are presented in
this piece.
77
HS:17 DBQ Music as Social Commentary
Listen to the social commentary found in Tracy Chapman’s song “Subcity” and then
answer the questions that follow.
Worked everyday of my life
Thought I had some guarantees
That's what I thought
At least that's what I thought
SUBCITY by Tracy Chapman
Crossroads (1989)
People say it doesn't exist
'Cause no one would like to admit
That there is a city underground
Where people live everyday
Off the waste and decay
Off the discards of their fellow man
Last night I had another restless sleep
Wondering what tomorrow might bring
Last night I dreamed
A cold blue light was shining down on
me
I screamed myself awake
Thought I must be dying
Thought I must be dying
Here in subcity life is hard
We can't receive any government relief
I'd like to please give Mr. President my
honest regards
For disregarding me
They say there's too much crime in these
city streets
My sentiments exactly
Government and big business hold the
purse strings
When I worked I worked in the factories
I'm at the mercy of the world
I guess I'm lucky to be alive
They say we've fallen through the cracks
They say the system works
But we won't let it
Help
I guess they never stop to think
We might not just want handouts
But a way to make an honest living
Living this ain't living
What did I do to deserve this
Had my trust in god
78
79
(1) What types of social concerns are either addressed directly or inferred by Chapman’s lyrics
of “Subcity”?
(2) What particular aspects of 1980s domestic policy may have contributed in some fashion to
the issues that are raised in these lyrics.
(3) What is the most vivid mental image that is found in these haunting lyrics?
(4) How accurate do you believe the connection to be between the issues presented in this song
and the domestic policy agenda of the Reagan administration in the 1980s?
80
HS:18 A Calling to Service
During the 1980s various movements were organized in response to the pressing social problems
of the era. Four of these movements are identified below.
Band Aid & Live Aid [U.K.]
USA for Africa
Farm Aid
Hands Across America
Select one of these and research it to find out more about the 1980s. The report that you
prepare should include the names of the major organizers or participants in the
movement, the cause(s) for which the action was directed, a description of the fundraising efforts that were taken, and an analysis of how effective the movement was in the
long run.
The report should also include your informed opinion as to why the movement either
succeeded or failed to achieve its objective.
81
HS:19 1980s Popular Culture
_______________(1) John Hinkley, Jr., shot President Reagan in March 1981 because he
wanted to impress ___, a young actress with whom he was
infatuated.
_______________(2) Michael J. Fox played the role of Alex P. Keaton in the comedy
series ___ that was inspired by the conservative Reagan era.
_______________(3) ___, the self-proclaimed “material girl” presented a radical
alternative to the moral climate of the 1980s that was associated
with the Reagan Era.
_______________(4) In the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York, the
underdog U.S. ___ team defeated the Soviet Union’s team and
went on to win the gold medal.
_______________(5) The line ___ from a televised hamburger commercial became so
common an expression that it was used in the 1984 presidential
debates.
_______________(6) ___ thrilled the nation in the 1980s with the 1982 release of his
album Thriller.
_______________(7) The first video played on MTV in 1981 was ___.
_______________(8) ___ helped to save the sitcom thru his role as Dr. Cliff Huxtable.
_______________(9) MTV and the crime-drama merged when ___ appeared on
television and made south Florida fashion quite fashionable.
_______________(10) ___ was the NBC executive who saved the network and created
the concept of Thursday evening programming as “Must See TV.”
_______________(11) ___ was the Boston tavern “where everybody knows your name.”
_______________(12) ___ was the first woman to be nominated as a candidate for Vice
President by a major political party in the United States.
_______________(13) Rev. Jerry Falwell established an organization called ___ to allow
conservative Christians to take a greater role in American political
life.
_______________(14) ___ was the political candidate who dropped out of the 1988
Democratic Party primaries after he was photographed aboard the
“Monkey Business.”
_______________(15) ___ became the first disgraced televangelist of the 1980s despite
the many tears that were shed by his wife Tammy Faye.
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HS:20 Cold War Presidents Project
Harry Truman
John F. Kennedy
Richard Nixon
Jimmy Carter
George Bush
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lyndon B. Johnson
Gerald Ford
Ronald Reagan
Listed above are the Presidents of the United States during the Cold War.
1. Have your students teach themselves and the class about how the leaders of our
country handled the issues of the Cold War during each of their presidencies.
2. Divide the class into as many groups as you want (9 maximum) and assign each a
president to research.
• What were the President’s views towards the Cold War?
• Was he very active in the Cold War?
• What world events affected his Cold War policies?
• How were our relations with the Soviets during each presidency?
• What did he do to try and end it, if anything?
3. Have each group give a presentation of their findings to the rest of the class.
Also, have them come up with five to eight trivia questions, with answers, for the
class trivia game.
4. Collect all trivia questions and a couple of days later have a trivia game, still with
the teams. The group that answers the most questions correctly wins ten bonus
points each.
83
ANSWERS
ES:1 Cities & Towns of the Reagan Trail
(1) PEORIA
(2) OHIO
(3) MONMOUTH
(4) BUREAU
(5) WALNUT
(6) DIXON
(7) GALESBURG
(8) PRINCETON
(9) TAMPICO
(10) WASHINGTON
(11) EUREKA
(12) HENRY
ES:2 Ronald Reagan Acrostic
84
ES:3 Reading Exercise and Acrostic
ES:4 Words and Sentences
(1) ACTOR
(2) RADIO
(3) FILMS
(4) GUILD
(5) FAMOUS
(6) MOVIES
(7) GOVERNOR
(8) UNION
(9) GIPPER
(10) REAGAN
ES:5 Lincoln, Grant & Reagan
(1) Grant
(2) Reagan
(3) Lincoln
(4) Reagan
(5) Lincoln
(6) Grant
(7) Lincoln
(8) Grant
(9) Reagan
(10) Reagan
(11) Lincoln
(12) Lincoln
(13) Grant
(14) Reagan
(15) Grant
85
ES:6 Find the Words
ES:9 Reagan Trail Math Exercise
(1) 19.7 miles
(2) 11.1 miles
(3) 8.5 miles
(4) 25.2 miles
(5) 15.1 miles
(6) 7.9 miles
(7) 6.7 miles
(8) 16.7 miles
(9) 13.1 miles
(10) 12.1 miles
ES:12 Find Me!
86
ES:14 Putting the Phrase Together
“PEACE IS NOT THE ABSENCE OF CONFLICT, BUT THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH
CONFLICT BY PEACEFUL MEANS.”
ES:16 Which Word Does Not Belong?
CASTLE
SMITH
STOCK MARKET
CHICAGO
GALENA
RADIO
BOOKS
VACATION
OCEAN
87
ES:19 Find the Spelling Errors
CONGRESS
TAMPICO
TELEVISION
PRIMARY
TREASURY
GOVERNOR
COUNTRY
JUSTICE
COURAGE
MS:1 Reading a Chart: Counties along the Reagan Trail
(1) Tazewell, a 158% increase from 1920
(2) suburban; bedroom community of Peoria
(3) Lee (38%) and Whiteside (65%), state growth rate was 55%
(4) Putnam
(5) rural, agricultural, low tax base, few manufacturing jobs
(6) Peoria, 153.75 people per square mile
(7) Putnam, 28.56 people per square mile
MS:2 Illinois History Quiz
(1) Vandalia
(2) Galena
(3) John Peter Altgeld
(4) Centralia
(5) Jeane Baptiste Pointe du Sable
(6) Frances Willard
(7) Ronald Reagan
(8) Cairo
(9) 1818
(10) Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet
(11) Hull House
(12) Carl Sandburg
(13) Black Hawk War
(14) Stephen A. Douglas
(15) Carol Moseley Braun
(16) Princeton
88
MS:3 Reagan Nicknames
(1) “Dutch” – when Ronald Reagan was a baby he cried loudly. His father remarked, “For
such of a little bit of a fat Dutchman, he makes a hell of a lot of noise, doesn’t he.” From
that point onward, family and friends called Ronald Reagan “Dutch.”
(2) “The Gipper” – in 1940 Ronald Reagan played the character of football player George
Gipp in the movie “Knute Rockne - All American.” In the movie’s most poignant scene,
the dying Gipp tells his coach (played by Pat O’Brien), “Someday, when things are
tough, maybe you can ask the boys to go in there and win just once for the Gipper.” The
nickname would stay with Ronald Reagan for the rest of his career and was used often to
express his buoyant optimism.
(3) “The Great Communicator” – because of his professional experience in radio, television,
and movies, Ronald Reagan had a natural gift at using various forms of media quite
adeptly. Just as Franklin Delano Roosevelt was able to master the radio through his
“fireside chats,” President Reagan was able to use the medium of television effectively to
communicate his message to the American people. The nickname was used primarily by
those who admired President Reagan and supported his political agenda.
(4) “The Teflon President” – this nickname was often used by President Reagan’s detractors.
The image was that nothing would “stick” to Ronald Reagan – that he was almost
immune to any type of criticism. By comparison, the previous president, Jimmy Carter,
had been dubbed “The Velcro President” because so many problems of the late 1970s
had weakened his administration.
MS:7 All in the Family
(1) John Edward “Jack” Reagan
(2) Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan
(3) “Dutch”
(4) [John] Neil Reagan
(5) “Moon”
(6) Jane Wyman
(7) Nancy Davis
(8) Maureen Elizabeth Reagan
(9) Michael Edward Reagan
(10) Patricia Ann [Patti Davis]
(11) Ronald Prescott [Ron Jr.] Reagan
(12) Tampico
(13) Dixon
(14) Eureka College
(15) Ireland
89
MS:8 Now Where Was That Located?
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
(4) D
(5) C
(6) D
(7) D
(8) C
(9) C
(10) B
MS:9 Reading Charts
(1) Both elections are clear electoral landslides. In terms of popular vote, the 1980 results
were much closer than the electoral margin with Ronald Reagan just winning 50.75% of
the vote. The 1984 popular vote margin for Reagan was much more convincing.
(2) Results are mixed here. Obviously Mondale carried only his home state of Minnesota
(and the District of Columbia) earning only 13 electoral votes to Ronald Reagan’s 525
electoral votes. In terms of voting percentage, Mondale earned a slightly larger
percentage than did Jimmy Carter in 1980. In terms of raw popular votes, Mondale
earned two million more votes than Jimmy Carter had done four years earlier.
(3) This certainly did take place during both the 1980 and 1984 elections, but it might be
difficult for the students to recognize this phenomenon. They might address what
happened to the votes that John Anderson drew as an Independent candidate (back in
1980) when the 1984 race was held. It seems that the bulk of these votes went toward
Ronald Reagan even though the Anderson voters had consisted of both reform-minded
Republican and Democratic voters.
MS:10 Interpreting Election Results I
Total Votes
18,330
15,324
6,588
82,260
3,352
55,611
25,822
County
Bureau
Lee
Marshall
Peoria
Putnam
Tazewell
Whiteside
90
15,054
Woodford
(1) Lee County
(2) Peoria County
(3) Peoria County
MS:11 Interpreting Election Results II
Total Votes
18,666
15,097
6,446
82,437
3,399
56,877
27,969
15,183
County
Bureau
Lee
Marshall
Peoria
Putnam
Tazewell
Whiteside
Woodford
(1) Lee County
(2) Peoria County
(3) Peoria County
MS:12 Unscramble the Quotation
“GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO PROTECT US FROM EACH OTHER. WHERE
GOVERNMENT HAS GONE BEYOND ITS LIMITS IS IN DECIDING TO PROTECT US
FROM OURSELVES.”
MS:13 Facts about Illinois
(1) Springfield
(2) Dixon
(3) Cardinal
(4) Prairie State, Land of Lincoln
(5) December 3, 1818
(6) Violet
(7) 12,419,293
(8) Chicago Blackhawks
(9) Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri,
Kentucky, Indiana
(10) An Eagle
(11) Coal mining, agriculture, oil
(12) White Oak
(13) 9,699,076
(14) 207,016
(15) 3.23
(16) 1,951,184
(17) 848,715
(18) State Sovereignty, National Union
(19) “Illinois”
(20) Lake Michigan
91
MS:14 Story Problems
(1) 83,820,086 voted nationwide; 40,552,597 voted for candidates other than Reagan
(2) 538 total electoral votes; 90,359,280 total popular votes
(3) 16 years
(4) $2,000,000 (two million dollars)
MS:15 Facts about Washington, D.C.
(1) 8
(2) 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
(3) Yes
(4) 572,059
(5) 3.07
(6) Christopher Columbus
(7) Federal government and tourism
(8) Justitia Omnibus (Justice to All)
(9) American Beauty Rose
(10) Virginia and Maryland
(11) Ronald Reagan Washington
National Airport
(12) French engineer Pierre L’Enfant
(13) Potomac River
(14) Lincoln, Washington, Jefferson,
Roosevelt
(15) John Adams
(16) Washington Redskins
(17) Washington Hilton
(18) Wood Thrush
(19) February 21, 1871 as a municipal
corporation
(20) The Smithsonian
92
MS:17 Municipalities Along the Reagan Trail
Community
Bureau
Chillicothe
Dixon
County
Bureau
Peoria
Lee
Status
Village
City
City
Population
368
5,996
15,941
East Peoria
Tazewell
City
22,638
Eureka
Henry
Ohio
Peoria
Peoria Heights
Princeton
SparlandLacon
Tampico
Walnut
Washington
Woodford
Marshall
Bureau
Peoria
Peoria
Bureau
City
City
Village
City
Village
City
Village &
City
Village
Village
City
4,871
2,540
540
112,936
6,636
7,501
Jim Burke
Charles
Dobbelaire
Laura Siscoe
Daryl Fountain
Charles L. Thomas
David P. Ransburg
Earl Carter
Keith Cain
584 + 1,979
Michael Hiell
772
1,461
10,841
Larry Specht
Don Steele
Gary Manier
Marshall
Whiteside
Bureau
Tazewell
Mayor
Timothy Shipp
MS:20 Definitions
(1) Inauguration Day – January 20 following a presidential election in which the President of the United
States is elected.
(2) Electoral College – a body of electors; one that elects the president and vice president
(3) Supreme Court – the highest judicial tribunal in a political unit (as a nation or state).
(4) Congress – the supreme legislative body of a nation; our Senate and House of Representatives
(5) Election Day – a day legally established for the election of public officials; the first Tuesday after
the first Monday in November in an even year designated for national elections.
(6) Executive Branch – belonging to the branch of government that is charged with such posers as
diplomatic representation, superintendence of the execution of the laws, and appointment of officials
and that usually has some power over legislation.
(7) Legislative Branch – the branch of government that is charged with such powers as making laws,
levying and collecting taxes, and making financial appropriations.
(8) Judicial Branch – the branch of government that is charged with trying all cases that involve the
government and with the administration of justice within its jurisdiction.
(9) Oval Office – the U.S. president’s office in the West Wing of the White House in Washington, D.C.
(10) Pentagon – the headquarters of the Department of Defense; located in Washington, D.C.
HS:1 Ronald Reagan: Movie Star
(1) Warner Brothers
(2) Love is on the Air
(3) Tugboat Annie Sails Again
(4) Brother Rat
(5) Bonzo
(6) Gipper
(7) Notre Dame
93
(8) Drake McHugh
(9) AWhere=s the Rest of Me?@
(10) Hellcats of the Navy
(11) Santa Fe Trail
(12) The Killers
HS:2 Iran-Contra Affair
(1) Nicaragua
(2) Sandinistas
(3) Iraq
(4) Ayatollah Khomeini
(5) Boland Amendment
(6) Oliver North
(7) Donald Regan
(8) Robert McFarlane
(9) John Poindexter
(10) Judge Lawrence E. Walsh
(11) Caspar W. Weinberger
(12) George P. Shultz
(13) Edwin Meese
(14) William J. Casey
(15) John Tower
HS:3 President Reagan’s Cabinet Members
(19) E/H
(20) L
(1) M
(21) A
(2) B
(22) J
(3) D
(23) I
(4) D
(24) G
(5) A
(6) F
(7) M
(25) M
(8) J
(26) F
(27) K
(9) L
(10) C
(28) I
(29) I
(11) D
(30) B
(12) H
(31) H
(13) L
(32) C
(14) J
(15) E
(16) K
(17) F
(18) E
94
HS:6 A Visit to Eureka College
(1) Burgoo - the pioneer settlers of Walnut Grove [later Eureka] brought this tradition with them from
Kentucky. A burgoo is a stew that is made up of components that are contributed by community
members. The cooking of the stew was a social event that brought the early community together.
(2) Recruiting Elm – when the Civil War began in April 1861 Eureka College students and faculty
gathered under this tree and gave speeches and sang patriotic songs. They eventually decided to
form a company of soldiers (Company G of the 17th Illinois Infantry) who went off to war. A
wooden bowl made from the Recruiting Elm sat on President Reagan’s desk in the Oval Office.
(3) Abolitionists - many of the early settlers who moved to Walnut Grove [later Eureka] were
abolitionists who came from Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana. They were opposed to the institution of
slavery.
(4) Women’s History – When Eureka College was established it was the first college in Illinois, and
only the third in the nation, to admit women on an equal basis with men. Many of the early
graduates of the college became leaders in the movement for women’s rights in America.
(5) Berlin Wall – a portion of the Berlin Wall stands today in the Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka
College. In June 1987, President Reagan challenged the moral legitimacy of the wall when he stated
“Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”
HS:7 President Reagan’s Views on Peace
“PEACE IS NOT THE ABSENCE OF CONFLICT, BUT THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH CONFLICT
BY PEACEFUL MEANS.”
Clues: FORTIETH; LOWELL; TAMPICO; BUSH; EUREKA; DUTCH; DIXON; POLAND; LIBYA.
HS:9 The Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College
(1) circle for earth/globe; bell shape for liberty; mushroom cloud for atomic menace; patriotic plantings
(2) answers will vary
(3) symbolic of the divide between East and West for twenty-eight years
(4) Western side has signature graffiti; Eastern side is stark grey
(5) the speech led to a real reduction in nuclear arsenals of the U.S. and the Soviet Union
HS:10 Tough Reagan Trivia Items
(1) Ralph McKinzie
(2) Richard S. Schweiker
(3) Wilson
(4) Iowa
(5) 69
(6) Washington, D.C.
95
(7) Galesburg
(8) 1962
(9) Edmund G. “Pat” Brown
(10) Jesse Unruh
(11) Minnesota
(12) John B. Anderson
(13) Star Wars
(14) Yuri Andropov
(15) Konstantin Chernenko
HS:11 1911 Trivia
(1) William Howard Taft
(2) forty-six
(3) Philadelphia Athletics (AL)
(4) no
(5) Monday
(6) Tobias M.C. Asser (Holland) & Alfred
H. Fried (Austria)
(7) London (1908)
(8)
(9) Charles S. Deneen
(10) Tampico, Illinois
(11) Ray Harroun
(12) South Sea Tales
(13) Irving Berlin
(14) Standard Oil Company
(15) Andrew Carnegie
(16) Triangle Shirtwaist Company
(17) fifteen
(18) China
(19) Amundsen
(20) Meridian
HS:12 1921 Trivia
(11) Armistice Day
(12) Jack Dempsey
(13) Rudolph Valentino
(14) William ABilly@ Mitchell
(15) The Age of Innocence
(16) nineteen
(17) Massachusetts
(18) Germany
(19) Ottawa Senators
(20) Behave Yourself
(1) Woodrow Wilson; Warren G. Harding
(took office on March 4)
(2) forty-eight
(3) New York Giants
(4) no
(5) Sunday
(6) Karl H. Branting (Sweden) & Christian
L. Lange (Norway)
(7) Antwerp, Belgium
(8)
(9) Len Small
(10) Dixon, Illinois
96
HS:13 1928 Trivia
(1) Calvin Coolidge
(2) forty-eight
(3) New York Yankees
(4) yes
(5) Monday
(6) No one was awarded the Peace Prize in
1928.
(7) Amsterdam, The Netherlands
(8)
(9) Len Small
(10) Dixon, Illinois; in fall 1928 moved to
Eureka, Illinois, to attend Eureka College
(11) Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact
(12) Mickey Mouse
(13) The Bridge of San Luis Rey
(14) AWings@
(15) Amelia Earhart
(16) nineteen
(17) penicillin
(18) Richard E. Byrd
(19) New York Rangers
(20) Reigh Count
HS:15 Reagan and Eureka College
(1) 1932
(2) Tau Kappa Epsilon
(3) Lida’s Wood
(4) swimming
(5) a student strike
(6) President of the Student Senate
(7) 1992
(8) “Dutch”
(9) Economics & Sociology
(10) Margaret “Mugs” Cleaver
(11) Maureen Reagan
(12) [John] Neil “Moon” Reagan
(13) Ralph McKinzie
(14) 1957
(15) May 9, 1982
(16) Melick Library
(17) Aria da Capo
(18) three
(19) Reagan Physical Education Center
97
HS:19 1980s Popular Culture
(1) Jodie Foster
(2) Family Ties
(3) Madonna
(4) hockey
(5) “Where’s the beef?”
(6) Michael Jackson
(7) “Video Killed the Radio Star”
(8) Bill Cosby
(9) Miami Vice
(10) Brandon Tartikoff
(11) Cheers
(12) Geraldine Ferraro
(13) Moral Majority
(14) Gary Hart
(15) Jim Bakker
98
APPENDIX
RONALD W. REAGAN
CLASS OF 1932
PRESIDENT OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1981-1989
“PEACE IS NOT THE ABSENCE OF CONFLICT,
BUT THE ABILITY TO COPE WITH CONFLICT
BY PEACEFUL MEANS.”
ON MAY 9, 1982, PRESIDENT REAGAN DELIVERED A MAJOR FOREIGN
POLICY ADDRESS ON THE EUREKA COLLEGE CAMPUS ON THE
FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS GRADUATION. KNOWN AS THE EUREKA
SPEECH, IT CHALLENGED THE SOVIET UNION TO A NEW ERA OF
NEGOTIATIONS TO REDUCE NUCLEAR ARMS, AND WAS HERALDED AS
“THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE COLD WAR.”
----“MY DUTY AS PRESIDENT IS TO ENSURE
THAT THE ULTIMATE NIGHTMARE
NEVER OCCURS, THAT THE PRAIRIES
AND THE CITIES AND THE PEOPLE
WHO INHABIT THEM REMAIN FREE
AND UNTOUCHED BY NUCLEAR CONFLICT.”
----“I BELIEVE THAT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE
TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF WAR BY REMOVING
THE INSTABILITIES THAT NOW EXIST AND
BY DISMANTLING THE NUCLEAR MENACE.”
----“I HOPE THE COMMENCEMENT TODAY
WILL ALSO MARK THE COMMENCEMENT OF
A NEW ERA . . . A NEW START TOWARD
A MORE PEACEFUL AND SECURE WORLD.”
99
“Let us build cathedrals of peace, where the people can be free.”
- - Ronald W. Reagan - The Reagan Peace Garden was dedicated on May 9, 2000, the eighteenth anniversary of the May 9, 1982
foreign policy address in which President Reagan first proposed the START Initiative. The garden was made
possible through the generous donation of David and Anne Vaughn of Peoria, Illinois, loyal friends and
supporters of Eureka College.
The Reagan Peace Garden affords visitors an opportunity for pause and reflection:
The Garden itself is designed in the shape of a bell. In the history of the United States the bell has long symbolized the virtue of
liberty that is a birthright of American citizenship. The Cold War created insecurity and omnipresent fear for many that threatened
the blessings of liberty both here and abroad. Only by ending the Cold War and defeating the forces of tyranny could liberty ring
throughout the land.
The interior bluestone of the Garden is shaped as a circle–symbolic of the earth. The Cold War was not merely a rivalry between
nations, but it was an ever-present conflict that threatened the peace and security of the entire world. The Garden celebrates the unity
of peoples who are less threatened today by the specter of nuclear war.
The entrance into the garden and the circular bluestone together offer a silent reminder of what is at stake in the quest for peace.
The shape of the mushroom cloud is an image that haunted the mental landscape of many who lived through the Cold War era. Peace
offers us true freedom.
About the Reagan Monument:
The bronze bust of President Reagan was created by Peoria, Illinois, artist Lonnie Stewart. Stewart tried to capture the optimism of
President Reagan by reproducing the smile that was his most characteristic feature.
The pedestal that supports the bust is made of Dakota Mahogany granite. The use of stone from America’s heartland characterizes
both President Reagan and the 1982 address that he gave from the middle of America to the world. Many of America’s nuclear
missile silos are encased in Dakota granite.
Notice the word “start” that is found in the quotation on the eastern side of the pedestal. It was clear that President Reagan chose the
ideal location and the perfect time for announcing the START Initiative to the world.
About the Berlin Wall:
The Federal Republic of Germany provided this 2200 lb. artifact for inclusion in the Reagan Peace Garden. The wall existed in
Berlin from its construction in August 1961 to its fall on November 9, 1989.
Notice the “Torch of Liberty” graffiti found on the upper right side of the wall. Freedom was a birthright of those who lived in the
West, a silent longing for those who lived beyond the wall.
Visitors are invited to view the Reagan Museum in the Donald B. Cerf College
Center located immediately south of the Reagan Peace Garden site.
100
101
REAGAN CHRONOLOGY
February 6, 1911
Ronald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois. His parents
were John Edward “Jack” Reagan and Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan.
An older brother, [John] Neil Reagan had been born in July1908.
January 1915
The Reagan family moved to south-side Chicago where Jack Reagan
had found a job in retail with Fair Store. The family resided in the
Hyde Park neighborhood at 832 East 57th Street.
August 1915
The Reagan family moved to Galesburg, Illinois. The family would
reside at 1219 North Kellogg Street for about three years.
1917
Ronald Reagan attended first grade at Silas Willard School in
Galesburg, Illinois.
1918
The Reagan family moved to Monmouth, Illinois. The family would
reside at 218 South Seventh Street.
1918
Ronald Reagan completed second and third grades during the same
year at Central School in Monmouth, Illinois.
Fall 1918
The Reagan family returned to Tampico where they resided in an
apartment located above the Pitney General Store where Jack Reagan
worked. Ronald Reagan completed his fourth grade and a part of his
fifth grade education in Tampico.
December 6, 1920
The Reagan family moved to Dixon, Illinois, and resided at 816
South Hennepin Avenue.
January 1921
Ronald Reagan attends the E.C. Smith School and later the South
Side School [later renamed South Central] where he completed his
middle school education (grades five through seven)..
September 22, 1922
Rev. David Franklin Seyster baptized Ronald Wilson Reagan at the
First Christian Church, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
church in Dixon, Illinois, which Nelle Reagan regularly attended.
1924
Remaining in Dixon, the Reagan family moved into a home on the
north side of town at 338 West Everett Street.
1924
Ronald Reagan begins to attend North Side High School in Dixon,
Illinois. He will graduate from high school in June 1928.
102
Summer 1926
Ronald Reagan began to work a seasonal job as a lifeguard at Lowell
Park in Dixon, Illinois, earning $200 per summer. He would hold
this job for seven consecutive summers. During his time as a
lifeguard, Reagan is reported to have saved seventy-seven individuals
from drowning in the Rock River.
June 1928
Ronald Reagan graduates from high school. During his high school
years he was actively involved in basketball, drama, football and
track. He was elected president of the student body during his senior
year.
August 3, 1928
Headline of The Dixon Daily Telegraph reads “Ronald Reagan Saves
Drowning Man.”
September 20, 1928
Ronald Reagan enrolls as a freshman at Eureka College in Eureka,
Illinois. His primary interest in attending Eureka College was that
Margaret “Mugs” Cleaver, his high school sweetheart, had decided to
attend college there. Ronald Reagan would become actively involved
in football, track, swimming, drama, and student government during
his college years.
November 1928
Ronald Reagan spoke publicly and became a leader in a student strike
movement on the Eureka College campus. After successfully staging
a five-day strike, the student demands were met and Bert Wilson, the
president of the college, was forced to resign.
October 29, 1929
The Stock Market Crash signals the start of the Great Depression.
1931
Ronald Reagan won an award for his dramatic performance in Edna
St. Vincent Millay’s play “Aria da Capo.” The judges of the theatre
competition at Northwestern University suggest that Ronald Reagan
consider a possible career in drama.
June 7, 1932
Ronald Reagan graduates from Eureka College earning a Batchelor’s
Degree in Economics & Sociology.
November 1932
Ronald Reagan voted for the first time. He, along with his father,
supported the candidacy of New York Governor Franklin Delano
Roosevelt.
December 1932
After he was unable to find work in Chicago, Ronald Reagan takes a
job as a temporary staff announcer at radio station WOC in
Davenport, Iowa.
103
April 1933
Ronald Reagan moved to Des Moines, Iowa, when radio stations
WOC and WHO merged. At the new and larger radio station, Reagan
became the chief sports announcer. He was the “voice” of Big Ten
football and Chicago Cubs baseball for many in the Midwest.
February 27, 1935
Ronald Reagan enlisted in the U.S. Army Reserve as a private.
March 15, 1937
As a sports announcer, Ronald Reagan attended spring training with
the Chicago Cubs on Catalina Island in California. While he was in
California he met with people from Warner Brothers and made a
screen test. Shortly thereafter, Warner Brothers offered him a sevenyear studio contract for making films.
April 20, 1937
Ronald Reagan signs a contract with Warner Brothers.
April 27, 1937
Ronald Reagan achieved the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in the Army
Officers Reserve Corps of the Cavalry.
June 7, 1937
Ronald Reagan arrives in Hollywood, California, to begin working on
his first film, Love is on the Air.
January 26, 1940
Ronald Reagan marries actress Jane Wyman. The two had met while
filming the movie Brother Rat.
September 1940
Ronald Reagan plays the role of George Gipp in the film “Knute
Rockne – All American.” He earns the nickname “The Gipper” from
this role.
January 1941
John Edward “Jack” Reagan, Ronald Reagan’s father, dies.
January 4, 1941
Birth of daughter Maureen Elizabeth Reagan.
July 1941
Ronald Reagan was appointed to the board of the Screen Actor’s
Guild.
December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor is attacked by the Japanese. This action prompts the
U.S. to enter the Second World War.
April 19, 1942
Ronald Reagan is drafted into the army. Because of his poor
eyesight, he is assigned to the 1st Motion Picture Army Unit in Culver
City, California. His primary wartime role will be making training
films for the army and propaganda films.
104
1942
Ronald Reagan plays the role of Drake McHugh in the movie
“King’s Row.” Many would credit this as being the high point of his
career in film. His film line, “Where’s the rest of me?” would later
become the title of his autobiography.
March 1945
A son, Michael Edward Reagan, was adopted.
August 21, 1945
Ronald Reagan signs a million dollar contract with Warner Brothers.
March 10, 1947
Ronald Reagan was elected president of the Screen Actor’s Guild.
He would serve five one-year terms in this position.
June 26, 1947
A second daughter was born, but died the following day.
October 25, 1947
As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Ronald Reagan testified
before the House Un-American Activities Committee.
June 6, 1948
Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman divorced.
September 23, 1948
Ronald Reagan introduced President Harry Truman at a campaign
rally in Los Angeles.
Fall 1950
Ronald Reagan campaigned in behalf of California Democrat Helen
Gahagan Douglas when she faced Richard Nixon in the race for a
U.S. Senate seat.
December 7, 1950
Ronald Reagan made his network television debut appearing in Nash
Airflyte Theatre.
1951
Ronald Reagan appears in the Universal Pictures film Bedtime for
Bonzo.
March 4, 1952
Ronald Reagan married actress Nancy Davis.
June 1952
Ronald Reagan delivered the commencement address “America the
Beautiful” at William Woods College.
October 22, 1952
Daughter Patricia Ann (Patti) was born.
105
Fall 1952
Ronald Reagan began to organize a movement of Democrats for
Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential campaign. He would do the
same thing in 1956 when Eisenhower sought a second term.
May 2, 1953
Ronald Reagan was named the honorary mayor of Malibu Lake,
California.
September 26, 1954
Ronald Reagan made his first appearance on GE Theatre. He
eventually became the host of the television series and the spokesman
for General Electric. In this capacity he traveled the country and
gave many speeches.
1956
Unable to land major roles in films, and facing the financial burdens
of a growing family, Ronald Reagan finds work as an emcee in Las
Vegas, Nevada.
1957
Ronald Reagan and Nancy Davis Reagan both appear in the movie
Hellcats of the Navy, the only film in which they ever appeared
together.
June 7, 1957
Ronald Reagan speaks at commencement exercises at Eureka College
on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his graduation from the College.
He receives an honorary degree from the College on this occasion.
May 28, 1958
Son Ronald Prescott (Ron Jr.) was born.
1959
While serving in his last term as the president of the Screen Actors
Guild (SAG), Ronald Reagan successfully negotiates for increased
benefits and better working conditions for actors.
Fall 1960
Ronald Reagan delivered more than 200 speeches in behalf of
Richard Nixon’s presidential campaign.
March 1962
General Electric decides to discontinue GE Theatre because of low
ratings.
1962
After noting a decade-long change in his political ideology, Ronald
Reagan officially changed his political affiliation from the
Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
1962
Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan, Ronald Reagan’s mother, died.
106
1964
Ronald Reagan appears in the film The Killers. It will be his final
movie.
1964
Ronald Reagan became the host of Death Valley Days. He appeared
on twenty-one episodes broadcast from 1965-1966.
October 27, 1964
Ronald Reagan delivers the speech “A Time for Choosing” in behalf
of the presidential campaign of Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater.
1965
Ronald Reagan published his autobiography, Where’s the Rest of
Me?
January 4, 1966
Ronald Reagan announces that he will be a Republican candidate in
the campaign for governor of California.
November 8, 1966
Ronald Reagan defeats incumbent governor Edmund G. “Pat” Brown
by a margin of one million votes.
May 2, 1968
A “Draft Reagan” movement begins within the Republican Party as
supporters try to encourage the California Governor to seek the
Republican Party’s presidential nomination in 1968.
August 5, 1968
At the Republican Party’s Nominating Convention in Miami, Florida,
Ronald Reagan announces that he is a candidate for the party’s
nomination.
May 15, 1969
In response to student unrest, Governor Reagan sent the California
National Guard onto the University of California Campus in
Berkeley.
November 1970
Ronald Reagan is elected to a second term as governor of California.
He defeats Jesse Unruh, the Speaker of the State Assembly.
1971
Governor Reagan signs the California Welfare Reform Act which
was designed to reduce the numbers of welfare recipients.
Fall 1974
Reagan friends Michael Deaver and Peter Hannaford establish a
consulting and public relations firm that will promote Ronald
Reagan. Opportunities to deliver speeches, write newspaper
columns, and deliver radio commentaries begin to take shape.
107
Fall 1974
Governor Reagan declines offers to accept a position in the Ford
Administration. He had been offered the posts of Ambassador to the
Court of St. James, Secretary of Transportation, and Secretary of
Commerce.
November 20, 1975
Ronald Reagan begins his campaign for the Republican Party’s
presidential nomination. He challenges incumbent president Gerald
Ford for the party nomination.
March 1976
The National Republican Conference of Mayors asks that Reagan
consider withdrawing from the presidential primaries in order to
increase the likelihood that President Ford can win the 1976 contest.
August 19, 1976
After failing to win the presidential nomination, Ronald Reagan
addresses the Republican Party National Convention in Kansas City.
November 1976
In a very close election, Democrat Jimmy Carter defeats incumbent
president Gerald Ford.
November 13, 1979
Ronald Reagan announces his candidacy for the Republican Party’s
presidential nomination. He is one in a crowded field of ten
candidates who are seeking the nomination.
February 26, 1980
Ronald Reagan wins the New Hampshire primary.
July 17, 1980
Ronald Reagan accepts the Republican Party nomination for
President at the nominating convention in Detroit.
October 28, 1980
President Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan take part in a nationally
televised debate broadcast from Cleveland, Ohio. The following day
polls indicate that viewers judged Reagan to win the debate.
November 4, 1980
Ronald Reagan is elected President of the U.S. when he defeats
incumbent president Jimmy Carter.
January 20, 1981
Ronald Reagan is sworn in as the fortieth president of the United
States.
January 20, 1981
The Iranian hostage crisis ends as Iran releases the 52 Americans that
it had held for 444 days after Iranian students took control of the U.S.
Embassy in Tehran.
108
February 20, 1981
In his first State of the Union Message, President Reagan calls for
cuts of $41 billion from the budget that President Carter had
proposed. He further calls for a reduction in income tax rates over
the next three years and requests an additional five billion dollars in
defense spending.
March 30, 1981
Ronald Reagan is shot by John Hincikley, Jr., in an assassination
attempt outside the Washington Hilton.
April 12, 1981
NASA successfully launches the first mission of the space shuttle
Columbia. The reusable craft returned to earth on April 14 after a
three day mission.
April 21, 1981
The U.S. announces a significant sale of arms to Saudi Arabia. The
Saudis will purchase one billion dollars worth of U.S. military
equipment including five AWACS electronic surveillance aircraft.
The Israeli government protests the agreement.
April 24, 1981
The U.S. lifts the fifteen-month embargo on grain sales to the Soviet
Union that had been put in place after the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan.
July 29, 1981
Congress passes President Reagan’s tax plan.
September 1981
President Reagan appoints Sandra Day O’Conner as the first female
justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
March 10, 1982
The U.S. imposed economic sanctions on Libya because of that
country’s alleged involvement in support of international terrorist
organizations.
May 9, 1982
President Reagan delivers a major foreign policy address at Eureka
College. The President proposed the START Initiative which
outlined a new approach to nuclear arms control that he believed the
U.S. and the U.S.S.R. should follow.
June 30, 1982
The Equal Rights Amendment dies when it fails to win ratification by
three-fourths of the states.
August 20, 1982
About 800 U.S. Marines arrive in Beirut, Lebanon. They are there to
oversee the withdrawal of PLO fighters from the city.
November 22, 1982
President Reagan calls upon Congress to support construction of the
MX missile system at an estimated cost of $26 billion.
109
April 18, 1983
A car bomb explosion destroys the U.S. Embassy in Beirut. Sixtythree people are killed, including seventeen Americans.
October 23, 1983
241 American military personnel are killed when a truck bomb
explodes at the U.S. Marine Headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon.
October 25, 1983
U.S. forces launch an invasion of the Caribbean island nation of
Grenada. They restore order and remove a pro-Cuban Marxist
government that had come to power in a bloody coup.
November 11, 1983
The first U.S. cruise missiles begin to arrive in Europe. 572 of these
will eventually be deployed in NATO countries.
November 23, 1983
The Soviet Union withdrew from arms limitation talks in response to
the deployment of U.S. cruise missiles in Europe.
December 1983
Time magazine selects U.S President Ronald Reagan and Soviet
Leader Yuri Andropov as its “Men of the Year.”
January 29, 1984
Ronald Reagan officially declared his candidacy for reelection as
President of the United States.
June 6, 1984
President Reagan takes part in ceremonies at Normandy recognizing
the fortieth anniversary of the D-Day Invasion.
November 4, 1984
Ronald Reagan wins reelection by defeating Walter Mondale.
January 20, 1985
Ronald Reagan is sworn in to office for a second term as president.
July 13, 1985
President Reagan undergoes surgery on his large intestine to remove
cancerous tissue.
November 1985
President Reagan meets with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at a
summit meeting in Geneva.
September 9, 1985
The U.S. imposes sanctions on South Africa to protest that nation’s
policy of apartheid.
December 11, 1985
Congress passes the Gramm-Rudman bill which is designed to
eliminate the federal deficit by 1991.
January 15, 1986
President Reagan signs legislation making Rev. Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr.’s birthday a national holiday.
110
January 17, 1986
President Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his
colon.
January 28, 1986
The space shuttle Challenger exploded seventy-four seconds after
liftoff from Cape Canaveral, Florida, killing the seven astronauts
aboard. Included among those killed was Christa McAuliffe, a New
Hampshire schoolteacher, who had been selected to be the first
teacher in space.
March 20, 1986
The House of Representatives defeated a controversial measure that
would have provided $100 million in aid to the contra rebels who
were fighting in Nicaragua.
April 14, 1986
The U.S. conducted an air strike against Libya for its involvement in
supporting international terrorist activities.
November 3, 1986
A Lebanese magazine revealed the first details of what would
eventually become known as the Iran-Contra Affair.
February 26, 1987
The Tower Commission released its report on the Iran-Contra Affair.
The report was critical of President Reagan’s failure to understand or
control the covert attempt to funnel profits from Middle Eastern arms
sales to aid the contra rebels in Nicaragua.
June 2, 1987
President Reagan appointed economist Alan Greenspan as the new
chairman of the Federal Reserve Board.
June 12, 1987
Speaking in Berlin, President Reagan said “Mr. Gorbachev, tear
down this wall.”
October 11, 1987
Reagan and Gorbachev meet for a summit conference in Reykjavik,
Iceland, but the meeting turns out to be a failure.
October 19, 1987
The worst stock crash in the history of the New York Stock Exchange
took place as the Dow Jones average fell by 508 points to close at
1738.74 – a loss of 22.6% of its valuation. This was twice as large as
the 1929 stock crash that triggered the Great Depression.
October 23, 1987
The Senate rejected the nomination of Robert H. Bork to serve on the
U.S. Supreme Court.
1987
President Reagan underwent prostate surgery.
111
December 8, 1987
Gorbachev arrives in the United States to attend the Washington
Summit. Reagan and Gorbachev sign the ICBM Treaty.
April 14, 1988
The Soviet Union began to remove its forces from Afghanistan.
May 29, 1988
President Reagan travels to Moscow to attend a summit meeting with
Gorbachev.
January 20, 1989
Ronald Reagan leaves office as former Reagan Vice President,
George Bush, is inaugurated as the nation’s forty-first president.
November 9, 1989
The Berlin Wall is opened. This signals the end of the Cold War.
January 8, 1990
Ronald Reagan was awarded the Theodore Roosevelt Award by the
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
July 31, 1991
Leaders of the U.S. and Russia sign the START I Treaty
November 4, 1991
The Reagan Library and Museum is dedicated in Simi Valley,
California.
May 9, 1992
President Reagan delivered the commencement address to the
graduates of Eureka College. It was the sixtieth anniversary of his
graduation from the College.
January 3, 1993
Leaders of the U.S. and Russia sign the START II Treaty.
January 13, 1993
President George Bush awards Ronald Reagan the Presidential Medal
of Freedom.
November 5, 1994
Former president Reagan writes a letter to the American people in
which he discloses that he was suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease.
December 11, 1996
Death of [John] Neil “Moon” Reagan, the older brother of Ronald
Reagan.
September 30, 1999
Release of Edmund Morris’ controversial biography Dutch: A
Memoir of Ronald W. Reagan.
May 9, 2000
The Reagan Peace Garden was dedicated at Eureka College.
112
August 25, 2000
Ceremonies held in central Illinois to dedicate the Reagan Trail.
January 13, 2001
Ronald Reagan undergoes hip surgery after sustaining an injury in a
fall at home.
August 8, 2001
Maureen Elizabeth Reagan, the eldest child of President Ronald
Reagan, dies after battling complications of skin cancer.
113
Ronald Reagan Bibliography
A Collection of Books and Documents
'80 Presidential Debates: As Sponsored by the League of Women Voters, Education
Fund. Washington, DC: League of Women Voters, Education Fund, 1980.
100 Questions: What Americans Want to Ask Their Next President. Washington, DC: The
Center, 1984.
500 Days: ADA Assesses the Reagan Administration. Washington, DC: Americans for
Democratic Action, 1982.
The 1980 Campaign Promises of Ronald Reagan: Update '84. Washington, DC (400 N.
Capitol St., N.W., Suite 319, Washington 20001): Democratic Congressional Campaign
Committee, 1984.
The 1984 Campaign Promises of Ronald Reagan. Washington, DC: Democratic
Congressional Campaign Committee, 1985.
ABC News Reagan Speech Poll, March 1987. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University
Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1988.
ABC News Reagan Speech Poll, December 1987. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University
Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1988.
ABC News Reagan Press Conference Poll, January 1986. Ann Arbor, MI: InterUniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1988.
ABC News Reagan Press Conference Poll, March 1987. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University
Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1988.
Abrams, Herbert L. The President Has Been Shot: Confusion, Disability, and the 25th
Amendment in the Aftermath of the Attempted Assassination of Ronald Reagan. New
York: W.W. Norton, 1992.
Adelstein, Eric D. Reagan and the New Possibilities of Presidential Power. 1987.
Adler, Bill; Huffaker, Sandy. Kid's Letters to President Reagan. New York: M. Evans,
1982.
114
Alexandre, Laurien. Selling the State: Public Diplomacy, Government Media and Ronald
Reagan. 1988.
Allen, Yvonne. The War on Drugs in the U.S. and Latin America and the Rise and Fall of
Manuel Noriega. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1997.
Al-Sohaibani, Abdolrahman Saleh. President Reagan's Role as Chief Legislator:
Explaining Variations in Congressional Support for Presidential Legislation, 1981-1988.
1991.
America, Our Treasure and Our Trust: The Legacy of President Ronald Reagan, 19811988. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1988.
American Legends: Our Nation's Most Fascinating Heroes, Icons and Leaders, Selected
from the Time 100. New York: Time Inc. Home Entertainment, 2001.
Anderson, De'Andre M. The Use of Political Rhetoric in Electoral Politics: A Study of
Ronald Reagan and Dr. Alan Keyes. Virginia Beach, VA: Regent University, 1999 1997.
Anderson, Janice. Ronald Reagan. Optimum Books, 1982.
Anderson, Martin. The Ten Causes of the Reagan Boom, 1982-1997. Stanford, CA:
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, 1997.
Anderson, Martin. Revolution: The Reagan Legacy. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution
Press, Stanford University, 1990.
Andrew, Christopher M. For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the
American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York: HarperPerennial, 1996 1995.
Appelbaum, Henry. Studies in Intelligence: A Collection of Articles on the Historical,
Operational, Doctrinal, and Theoretical Aspects of Intelligence. Washington, DC: Center
for the Study of Intelligence, 1999.
Arak-Zeman, Jill L. An Analysis of the Similarities and Differences of United States
Human Rights Policies under the Carter and Reagan Administrations: The Cases of
Guatemala and Chile. 1991.
Archer, J. Clark; Taylor, Peter J. Section and Party: A Political Geography of American
Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan. Chichester; New York:
Research Studies Press, 1981.
Arenson, David; Werden, Marilyn. Rambo Reagan: Over 1,400 Mind-Bending Trivia
Questions about the '80s. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books, 1996.
115
Arneson, D. J. There He Goes Again!: What He Said Was-- What He Meant Was--.
Carlstadt, NJ: Andor, 1984.
Arneson, Patricia Ann. Political Perspectives on Revolution: A Mythic Analysis of the
Public Discourse of Presidents Ronald Reagan and Daniel Ortega. 1987.
Aruri, Naseer Hasan; Moughrabi, Fouad; Stork, Joe. Reagan and the Middle East.
Belmont, MA: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1983.
Audit of Reagan Presidential Transition Expenditures (GGD-81-50). Washington, DC:
Comptroller General of the United States, 1981.
Auth, Tony. Lost in Space: The Reagan Years. Kansas City, MO: Andrews and McMeel,
1988.
Autry, Billy Edward. De Tocqueville and Reagan: Similarities in Power. 1983.
Baird, John William. A Time for Choosing by Ronald Reagan: A Rhetorical Analysis.
1967.
Baker, Gregory Edward. The Effect of Reagan Administration Policies on the Broadcast
Regulatory Process. 1989.
Baker, Howard H.; Thompson, Kenneth W. Leadership in the Reagan Presidency. Part
II, Eleven Intimate Perspectives. Lanham, MD: University Press of America,1993.
Balz, Daniel J. Ronald Reagan: A Trusty Script. Washington, DC Capitol Hill News
Service, 1976.
Banker, Stephen R. He Who Gaffes Last: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Gaffes of Reagan
and Carter in the 1980 General Election Campaign. 1987 1984.
Barilleaux, Ryan J. The Post-Modern Presidency: The Office after Ronald Reagan. New
York: Praeger, 1988.
Barnekov, Timothy K.; Rich, Daniel. The Reagan Legacy and the Politics of Urban
Disinvestment. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde, Centre for Planning, 1988.
Barrett, Laurence I. Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House. Garden
City, NY: Doubleday, 1983.
Bauer, Alfred W.; Reagan, Ronald. Dear Mr. President: An Open Letter to Ronald
Reagan about War and Peace and Our Chances for Survival in a World Gone NuclearMad. Kirkland, WA: A.W. Bauer.
116
Baumann, Lawra J. Institutional Immortality: The Reality of Cabinet Level Abolition
Attempts: Ronald Reagan and the Departments of Energy and Education. 1995.
Be It Resolved--: Oppose Candidacy of Reagan. United Republicans of California. San
Gabriel, CA: UROC, 1975.
Behm, Gary F. The Reagan Administration's Impact on the Judicial System of the United
States. 1989.
Behrens, June. Ronald Reagan, An All-American. Chicago: Children’s Press, 1981.
Bell, Coral. The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s. Aldershot
[England]: E. Elgar, 1989.
Benenson, Robert. Federalism under Reagan. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly,
Inc, 1988.
Bennington, Tobi L. The White House Counsel: A Study of Its Creation and
Development, from Franklin D. Roosevelt through Ronald Reagan. 2001.
Berman, Larry. Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1990.
Beshenich, George Michael. From Carter to Reagan: Formulation of American Policy
During a Time of Transition: An Explanation of Foreign Policy Decisions Based on the
Initial Presidential Transition Period. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College,
1999.
Bickel, Beverly; Brenner, Philip; LeoGrande, William M. Challenging the Reagan
Doctrine: A Summation of the April 25th Mobilization. Washington, DC: Foreign Policy
Education Fund, 1987.
Biggart, Nicole Woolsey. The Magic Circle: A Study of Personal Staffs in the
Administrations of Governors Ronald Reagan and Jerry Brown. 1981.
Biggart, Nicole Woolsey; Hamilton, Gary G. The Policy Effects of Management Style: A
Comparison of Governors Ronald Reagan and Jerry Brown. 1983.
Blanton, Thomas S. White House E-Mail: The Top Secret Computer Messages the
Reagan/Bush White House Tried to Destroy. New York: New Press, 1995.
Blassingame, Wyatt. The Look-it-up Book of Presidents. New York: Random House,
1988 1984.
Blumenthal, Sidney. Our Long National Daydream: A Political Pageant of the Reagan
Era. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.
117
Blumenthal, Sidney; Edsall, Thomas Byrne. The Reagan Legacy. New York: Pantheon
Books, 1988.
Boaz, David. Assessing the Reagan Years. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1988.
Boggs, Luther M. From Hollywood to Reykjavik: Ronald Reagan and Nuclear Abolition.
1997.
Bolger, Dermot. After the War is Over. Dublin: Raven Arts Press, 1984.
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Borchers, Timothy A. The Rhetorical Construction of Allegations of Political Corruption
in Case Studies of Nixon, Carter, Reagan, and Clinton. 1996.
Borland, Jay; Vance, Malcolm. The Ronald Reagan Hollywood Quiz Book. New York:
Exeter Books: Distributed by Bookthrift, 1981.
Borland, Jay; Vance, Malcolm. Ronald Reagan Political Quiz Book. New York: Exeter
Books: Distributed by Bookthrift, 1981.
Bosch, Adriana. Reagan: An American Story. New York: TV Books, 1998.
Boskin, Michael J. Reagan and the U.S. Economy: The Successes, Failures, and
Unfinished Agenda. San Francisco: International Center for Economy Growth, 1988.
Bostick, James Preston. The Universal Audience and Political Narration Embodied in
Reagan Administration Public Discourse Regarding Central America, 1981-1984. 1987.
Bourrie, Michelle A. Candidate Style and Election Issues: Ronald Reagan in 1984, A
Case Study. 1987.
Boyarsky, Bill. The Rise of Ronald Reagan. New York: Random House, 1968.
Boyarsky, Bill. Ronald Reagan, His Life and Rise to the Presidency. New York: Random
House, 1981 1968.
Boyer, Paul S. Reagan as President: Contemporary Views of the Man, His Politics, and
His Policies. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1990.
Bradley, Melvin; Habecker, Jackie; Magyar, Roger; and others. The Governor's Office:
Access and Outreach, 1967-1974: Interviews. Berkeley, CA: Regional Oral History
Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1987.
118
Brian, Earl W.; Lage, Ann; and others. Governor Reagan's Cabinet and Agency
Administration: Interviews. Berkeley, CA: Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft
Library, University of California, 1986.
Brophy-Baermann, Bryan Edwin. International Terrorism: Rationality, Retaliation, and
the Reagan Shift. 1993.
Brown, Edmund G. Reagan and Reality; The Two Californias. New York, Praeger
Publishers 1970.
Brown, Edmund G.; Brown, Bill. Reagan: The Political Chameleon. New York: Praeger,
1976.
Brownstein, Ronald; Easton, Nina. Reagan's Ruling Class: Portraits of the President's
Top 100 Officials. Washington, DC: Presidential Accountability Group, 1982.
Bruce-Briggs, B. The Political Milieu of the Reagan Administration. Croton-on-Hudson,
NY: Hudson Institute, 1980.
Buitron, Richard A. An Analysis of the Advocacy Role of President Ronald Reagan in
American Church-State Relations. 1991.
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