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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Investigating the Human Body
On-site student activities
Years 7 – 8
Student activity (and record) sheets have been developed with alternative themes for students to use as
guides and focus material during their visit. There are four sets of materials for Years 3–4, Years 5–6, Years
7–8 and Years 9, 10 and VCE. Each of these sets of materials contains a range of themes with individual
record sheets. The choice of themes will depend on the classroom focus, the curriculum requirements and
individual student needs.
Teachers may choose a single theme or a combination of sheets from different themes for individual
student, or for small groups of students to use. A larger selection of themes may be used by larger groups of
students. The information collected on the student record sheets should be used as reference material for
the follow-up Classroom Activities, or for further research of the subject back at school.
Alternatively, teachers may choose to develop their own student activities or have students develop their
own questions to research during their visit to The Human Body exhibition.
Years 7-8 on-site student activity sheets focus on the following themes:
The human body: first impressions
The human body: going inside
Body parts and body systems
Close-ups: the microscopic world of cells
Our digestive system: ins and outs
Our circulatory system: the round trip
Our immune system: the defenders
Our muscles and skeleton: the power within
Our nervous system: making sense
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
The human body: first impressions
We can learn a lot about people and history by the way that they represent – draw, model
and map the human body. Explore the large blue wall with images and objects
representing the human body, at the entrance of The Human body exhibition and have a
look around the yellow area called ‘First impressions’.
1.
Explore the different themes of The Human Body
exhibition. Describe three ways that models, maps and
images of the human body have changed over time?
2.
Describe some of the reasons that humans have been
measured and recorded throughout history.
Source: Prentice Hall
? When, and by
whom, was this map
of the body
produced?
Maps and images of the body can be made in many different ways and they focus on
different details of the body. Structural maps focus on the arrangement of body parts in
relation to each other. Functional maps focus on the changes that occur in the body when
it is stimulated in a certain way. Look at the various ‘maps from alternative medicine; that
are presented on the wall in the ‘First impressions’; area.
3.
Are you familiar with any of these maps?
4.
How are these different maps different to Western
medical and anatomical maps?
? What does this
map tell us about the
body?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
The human body : going inside
Dissections of the human body have played an important role in understanding how our
bodies work on the inside. Take a seat in the sound and light room, behind the mummy
showcase. Listen to the stories and look at the pictures, instruments and dissected body
parts from explorers of the human body, nearly 400 years ago.
1.
Describe two interesting things that you discovered
during the sound and light show.
Source: Dover Publications. Inc
? When and by whom
was this drawing of the
human body made?
There are many different forms of technology available to us today, to explore the human
body without cutting it open. Explore the ‘Becoming transparent’ section of the exhibition
and the medical images from real patients that are presented on the light box.
2.
Briefly describe some of the medical conditions that can be investigated using the
following imaging technologies and the features of the body that you can see.
• Ultra sound
• X-ray
• CT
• MRI
Source: Monash Ultrasound.
? What medical imaging technology
was used to produce this image?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Body parts and body systems
Our bodies need to perform important functions to stay alive – like getting food and oxygen
inside us, delivering things to our cells, and getting rid of wastes. Cells make up the
tissues and organs in our body. Many different tissues and organs work together to carry
out these functions.
1.
As you explore The Human Body exhibition, draw and label the major organs from
each body system.
2.
As you move around the gallery write down 5 interesting facts that you did not know
about the body, its organs or its cells.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
? What does the
immune system do?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
When tissues and organ work together to perform a function they are called a body
system. Look at all of the different body systems in the exhibition.
3.
Write down two organs that help each of the body systems carry out their function
in the body.
4.
Draw a line from the body systems to the different functions that the system
performs in the body.
Muscle & skeletal systems •
Digestive system •
Circulatory & immune systems •
• helps us think, perform actions and store
memories. It regulates our growth and
development,
• gets oxygen into our bodies and gets
carbon dioxide out
• supports our body, helps us to move and
protects our insides
• allows human beings to continue to live on
even though individuals die
Respiratory system •
Excretory system •
• carries oxygen and food particles to every
cell in the body; takes away waste; and
moves defence cells to destroy infected or
sick body parts
• filters the blood of waste products and
eliminates it from the body.
Nervous & hormonal systems •
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• breaks our food into tiny particles that are
small enough to be absorbed into the blood
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Close-ups: the microscopic world of cells
Our bodies are made up of millions of tiny cells. The shape of cells and the role that they
perform in our tissues and organs makes our bodies what they are. Explore the ‘Closeups’ section of the exhibition and each of the ‘Body parts’ displays and look at the different
cells found in each system.
1.
How many different types of cell are there in the body?
2.
Choose 2 images of different cells from different parts of the body. Draw each of
them in the boxes below. Name the cells and where they are found in the body.
A.
B.
3.
During your visit (or back at school) try to find out
how the design of each of cells above might help them
to carry out their role in the body.
4.
Look at the picture of the red blood cells on the tip of
the pin, in the Cell display. Estimate how many red blood cells
can fit on the tip of a pin? Draw them onto the diagram below.
? What is happening
to this cell?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Our digestive system: the ins and outs
Food travels through our body in a long tube that reaches from our mouth to our small
intestine to finish at the anus. Some of our food is broken up into tiny pieces and put into
the blood. The rest of it comes out in the toilet as faeces. Have a look at the digestion
display.
1.
Can you label each of the different parts onto the diagram below
(mouth, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine,
anus).
2.
Look at the shelf in the digestion display.
Briefly describe what happens in each part of the
digestive tract.
• The mouth
?
What is peristalsis?
• The oesophagus
• The stomach
• The small intestines
?
Where is the pancreas
and what does it do?
• The large intestines
Source: AMGEN Australia
?
Why do we have bacteria
in our gut and what effect can
they have on us?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Why is it important to chew and mix your
food with saliva before you swallow it?
Source: Monash University.
? What are goblet cells and
4.
List all of the functions that the liver carries
out in the body?
where are they found?
?
Where is the liver found
in the body?
5.
Draw the surface of the small intestine
into the box opposite .
6.
What are the tiny finger-like projections
in the small intestine called?
How do they help with the digestion
of food?
Small intestine
7.
Explain two things that can go wrong with the digestive process.
a.
b.
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Our circulatory system: the round trip
Our body takes in oxygen through our lungs and puts it into our blood. The gas carbon
dioxide moves out of the blood and into the lungs where it is breathed out of the body.
Have a look at the breathing organs in the glass showcase of the ‘Circulation’ section of
The Human Body exhibition.
1.
Look at the lungs, trachea and diaphragm in the
showcase. Draw and label them in the body outline
below.
?
2.
Look at the white cast of the air spaces inside
the lungs. What happen to these airways as we
breathe in and out?
What are alveoli?
Source: University of Melbourne
? What are the spaces
in this lung tissue called?
What are the tiny dark cells
surrounding these spaces?
3.
Use arrows and labels on the diagram above to explain how oxygen and carbon
dioxide move in and out of the lungs through the alveoli into the blood.
4.
Can you find the picture of the lungs of the person who smoked? Compare and
describe the look of the lung tissue with the lung tissue in the glass showcase.
5.
What has happened to the alveoli in these lungs and how would this affect
the individual?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
6.
Describe what the heart does in the body?
7.
Use two fingers to find your pulse at your wrist and time
it for one minute. What is your pulse rate?
8.
Label the four diagrams below, in order from 1 to 4,
Showing how blood moves through the heart during a
pump cycle. Briefly describe what is taking place in each
diagram.
10.
? Can you label the parts
of the heart?
Label the following features onto the diagrams above. (vena cava, left and right
atria, left and right ventricles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and the aorta).
Blood carries oxygen from our lungs, and tiny digested food particles and nutrients from
our digestive system, to every cell in our body.
11.
Connect the names of each blood part to the description of what each part does.
• attack
intruders in the body
Plasma •
• carries
oxygen around the body
Red blood cells •
the watery part of our blood
carries blood cells, dissolved
nutrients and wastes
•
White blood cells •
Source: Monash University.
? Why does blood flow in
one direction in veins?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Blood vessels carry blood around the body in a circuit from the heart, to every organ and
tissue, back to the heart. Blood vessels are different depending on where they occur in this
circulatory pathway.
12.
Draw a line connecting the different
blood vessels in the diagram to the
functions described below.
• Tiny branches that carry blood cells
tunnels through organs of the body in
single file
• Carry lots of blood from the heart to
different parts of the body
• Carry lots of blood from different parts
of the body to the heart
• Have thick elastic walls
• Have valves inside that stop blood
flowing backwards
?
Can you label the different blood
vessels – artery, vein and capillaries?
• Have very thin wall that let oxygen and
nutrients in and out
Blood picks up waste products from different body parts and carries them away. The
kidneys filter most of the waste products out of the blood. These wastes go into the
bladder and come out of the body as urine (or wee). Look at the kidneys and bladder in
the glass showcase.
14.
Compare the two kidneys in the ‘Body parts’ showcase.
How are these kidneys different to each other?
15.
Draw and label a kidney into the box below.
? What is a nephron?
Kidney
16.
What would happen to your body if your kidneys didn’t work properly?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Our immune system: the defenders
White blood cells circulate in our blood and immune organs. White blood
cells defend our bodies from infections.
1 Draw in the box below the image of a macrophage
cell engulfing two dead red blood cells.
Macrophage cell engulfing particles
2. How do these cells know the difference between a foreign
cell or sick cell and their own cells?
? Label the organs onto
3. What are some of the things that our immune cells
protect us from?
the diagram that help
our immune system to
function
3. The diagram below represents the inflammatory process.
Briefly describe what is happening at each step.
? What is inside the tiny
sacs in white blood cells?
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Our muscles and skeleton: the power within
Our movements depend on our muscles and skeleton. We have a bony skeleton with
muscles attached. Our muscles and skeleton allow us to move, they support us and
protect our inside organs. Look at the Body parts - muscles and skeletal displays.
1.
As you explore the exhibition, find the names
of the major bones in the skeleton. Label them
onto the opposite diagram.
2.
What is bone and how is it formed?
? What are these
structures?
3.
Name the bones that protect different internal
organs.
4.
What stabilises our joints and stops the ends
of the bones moving from side to side?
5.
What are the discs made from, that help
reduce friction between moving bones?
? How many bones can you
Explore the moving parts on the shelf in the ‘Body parts - muscles and skeletal’ displays.
6.
Label each of the joints below and name one moving part of the body where that
joint is found. (pivot/rotating joint, saddle joint, ball and socket joint, hinge joint,
gliding joint)
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Muscles cause our body parts to move by contracting and relaxing. No part of our body
moves without muscles but there are several different types of muscle found in the body.
7.
How do muscles to move?
? Can you label the major muscles onto the diagram?
8.
Look at the spinning cells in the Close-ups section of exhibition. Describe how these
three types of muscle are different to each other and what causes them to contract
in the body.
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
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Skeletal muscle
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Investigating the Human Body On-site student activities: Years 7-8
Our nervous system: making sense
Our nervous system co-ordinates everything that
happens inside us. It makes sure that all of our body
systems work together. The nervous system lets us
think and make decisions, do things and store
memories.
1.
Find a picture of a typical nerve cell and draw and
label its parts below.
Nerve cell
2.
What are neurotransmitters?
3.
What are the names of the major parts of the
brain responsible for the following functions.
•
associated with intelligence and complex
behaviour and allows us to store memories,
solve problems and organise muscles to
contract
•
allows us to remember things from our
past and store our memories
•
coordinates our movements and controls
the body’s balance
•
tries to make sense of all the information
coming into our brain and is involved with
how we perceive things
•
receives nerve impulses from neurons
and receptors in our skin and sensory organs
? Label the brain, spinal
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cord, and nerves onto
the diagram above.
? Can you label the major parts
of the brain onto the diagram
above?
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