Download The Civil War The Civil War It was the most devastating war in U.S.

The Civil War
Chapter 13 Section 1:
The Two Sides
US8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex
consequences of the Civil War
Main Idea
Details/Notes
The Civil War
It was the most devastating war in U.S. history. It
dragged on for four years and often pitted brother
against brother, parents against their children, and
neighbor against neighbor.
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware were
four states right on the border of the North and the
South. These states allowed slavery and were divided
about which side to support. Losing the border states
would seriously damage the North. Each of the four
states had strategic locations.
border states
Maryland
The North’s
advantages
Jefferson Davis
blockade
The South’s main
goal
The Union’s early
goal
States’ Rights
Robert E. Lee
It was perhaps the most important of the border states.
Vital railroad lines passed through Maryland. Most
importantly Washington D.C. lay within this state. If
Maryland seceded, the North’s government would be
surrounded.
The North had a larger population, more industry,
more abundant resources, a better banking system,
possessed more ships, and had a larger and more
efficient railway network. Another advantage not
realized until later was that Abraham Lincoln
possessed dedication and intelligence that led the
North to victory.
A West Point graduate and an experienced soldier who
became president of the Confederacy.
This is what they called the closing of Southern ports
by the North to prevent supplies from reaching the
South—and to prevent the South from earning money
by exporting cotton.
Their primary aim of the war was to win recognition as
an independent nation. Independence would allow
Southerners to preserve their traditional way of life—a
way of life that included slavery.
It was important to gain control of the Mississippi
River to cut an important Southern route for
transporting goods and supplies and to divide the
Confederacy.
The founding principle of the Confederacy was the
belief in states’ rights, but it got in the way of the
South’s efforts. The individual states refused to give
the Confederate government sufficient power. As a
result, the government found it difficult to fight the
war effectively.
He was a Confederate general that attended the United
States Military Academy at West Point.
Rebels
Yankee
Chapter 13 Section 2:
Early Years of the
War
Main Idea
One of the 850,000 men who fought for the
Confederacy.
One of the 2.1 million men who fought for the Union.
US8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex
consequences of the Civil War.
Details/Notes
The first major battle of the Civil War was fought in
northern Virginia, about five miles from a town called
Manassas Junction near Bull Run—a small river in the
area. At first the Yankees drove the Confederates
back. Then the Rebels rallied, inspired by
reinforcements. The Confederates surged forward
with a strange, unearthly scream that came to be
known as the Rebel yell. The Union retreated.
Army of the Potomac This was what they called the Union Army of the East.
It was run by general, George B. McClellan.
It was a Union warship that Northern forces
Merrimack
abandoned when Confederate forces seized the naval
shipyard in Norfolk, Virginia. The Confederates
rebuilt the wooden ship, covered it with thick iron
plates, and renamed it the Virginia.
First Battle of Bull
Run
The Battle of Shiloh
Richmond in 1862
General McClellan
Maryland 1862
The Battle of
Antietam
Chapter 13 Section 3:
A Call to Freedom
The losses in the Battle of Shiloh were enormous.
Together the two armies suffered more than 20,000
casualties.
The Union troops failed to capture the city because
McClellan gave the Confederate army time to prepare
a defense even though Lincoln kept prodding him to
fight.
After reports that he was unable to lead the Union
troops to take Richmond, the North was disheartened.
It caused a slow down of volunteers when 300,000
were needed.
Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered General
Lee to launch an offensive hoping another victory
would win aid from Great Britain and France.
The bloodiest day of the Civil War was one in which
the Army of the Potomac earned a crucial victory.
Because of the Confederacy’s defeat the British
government decided not to intervene in the war as a
mediator. Afterwards, Lincoln emancipated the slaves
in Confederate territory.
US8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key
events, and complex consequences of the Civil War.
Main Idea
Details/Notes
Emancipation
Proclamation
A proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln, signed on
January 1st, 1863 that stated that all enslaved people in
the states controlled by the Confederacy were free.
Although Lincoln considered slavery immoral, he
signed the proclamation because he felt it would harm
the Confederate war effort. The proclamation led to
the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment.
Thirteenth
Amendment
In 1865 Congress passed this amendment, to abolish
slavery in the United States, which was ratified the
same year by states loyal to the Union. It was this
amendment that truly freed enslaved Americans.
Chapter 13 Section 4:
US8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex
consequences of the Civil War.
Life During the Civil
War
Main Idea
Details/Notes
Confederate soldiers Many deserted (ran away) for many reasons during the
war. Medical facilities were overwhelmed by the
thousands of casualties in each battle. They suffered
from lack of food and supplies. Many camps had
uncomfortable conditions filled with a routine of drills,
bad food, marches, and rain. About 1 out of every 8
Confederate soldiers ran away because of fear, hunger
or sickness.
They performed many jobs that helped soldiers and the
women
armies. Some women spied. Thousands served as
nurses. Some women disguised themselves as men
and became soldiers.
She organized large numbers of women to serve as
Dorthea Dix
military nurses.
The Way to Victory
A group of Northern Democrats who split from the
other Democrats because they did not agree with
Lincoln’s wartime policies. They favored negotiating
for peace with the Confederacy. Republicans called
the Peace Democrats “Copperheads” after a poisonous
snake that strikes without warning. Some Republicans
suspected Copperheads of aiding the Confederates.
In April 1862 the Confederate Congress passed a draft
law that required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to
serve in the army for three years. A person could
avoid the draft by hiring a substitute to serve in his
place.
US8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key
events, and complex consequences of the Civil War.
Main Idea
Details/Notes
Ambrose Burnside
A Union general who clashed with Lee near the
Virginia town.
Devastated by his failure against Lee he resigned his
command.
The three-day battle began when Union cavalry
surprised Rebel infantry, who were looking for shoes.
It ended with Union victory.
A great Union victory took place in this city. The
Union seized Vicksburg and was able to secure the
Mississippi River as a Union highway, and cut the
South in two.
Copperheads
draft
Chapter 13 Section 5:
The Battle of
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
“march to the sea”
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson
Results of the war
After capturing Atlanta, Georgia, Sherman’s army
began a march to Savannah, Georgia. Union troops
took what food they needed and tore up railroad lines
and fields in an effort to destroy anything useful to the
South. They cut a path of destruction sometimes 50
miles wide. This method of waging war was known as
total war.
He was a fanatical Confederate sympathizer who
assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865.
President Lincoln’s vice president who became
president after Lincoln’s death.
The Civil War was the most devastating conflict in
American history. It created bitter feelings among
defeated Southerners that lasted for generations. It
strengthened the federal government to where it was
clearly more powerful than the states. Finally, the war
freed millions of African Americans.