Download Ch. 26.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge Section

Ch. 26.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge Section Objectives: 1. Explain the policy of brinkmanship. 2. Describe American and Soviet actions that caused the Cold War to spread around the world. 3. Summarize the impact of Sputnik and the U­2 incident on the United States. One American’s Story ­Who was Annie Dillard? ● A writer who grew up in the 1950s knowing a nuclear war could end the world. ­What fear was a direct result of the Cold War? ● Fear of nuclear attack 1. Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy ­When did the nuclear arms race between the U.S. and Soviet Union begin? ● Truman’s presidency. ­What decision did Truman have when the Soviet Union developed their atomic bomb? ● Whether or not to develop an even more horrifying weapon. A. Race For the H­Bomb ­What was the H­bomb? ● A hydrogen bomb that would have the force of 1 million tons of TNT ­How does the hydrogen bomb differ from the atomic bomb? ● It was 67 times more powerful than the bombs dropped on Hiroshima. B. The Policy of Brinkmanship ­Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower? ● He was president of the U.S. by the time the U.S. and Soviet Union had hydrogen bombs. ­Who was John Foster Dulles? ● Eisenhower’s secretary of state who was anti­Communist. ● He proposed the U.S. could prevent the spread of communism by promising to use all of its force against any aggressor nation ­What was the policy of brinkmanship? ● The willingness of the U.S. under President Eisenhower to go to the edge of all­out war. ● Under this policy the U.S. trimmed its army and navy and expanded its air force (to deliver bombs) and its buildup of nuclear weapons. 2. The Cold War Spreads Around the World ­What was the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)? ● A government agency used by the Eisenhower administration to gather information abroad. ­What did the CIA do? ● The CIA used spies to gather information abroad, the CIA also began to carry out secret operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the U.S. A. Covert Actions in the Middle East and Latin America ­What covert actions did the United States undertake in the Middle East and Latin America? ● Returning a pro American to power in Iran ● In Guatemala the CIA trained an army to overthrow the government that was believed to be pro­ Communist. B. The Warsaw Pact ­What was the Warsaw Pact? ● An alliance that linked the Soviet Union with several Eastern European countries. C. A Summit in Geneva ­What happened at the Geneva Summit? ● Eisenhower proposed an “open skies” policy in which the Soviet Union and U.S. would allow flights over each other’s territory to guard against surprise nuclear attacks. D. The Suez War ­How did conflict over the Suez Canal start a war in the Middle East? ● Britain and France became upset when Egypt nationalized the canal because Britain and France owned the Suez Canal. ● The UN stepped in and put an end to the fighting E. Eisenhower Doctrine ­What was the Eisenhower Doctrine? ● The doctrine stated the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country. F. The Hungarian Uprising ­What happened during the Hungarian uprising? ● The Hungarian people had been under Soviet control but wanted a democratic government. ● The Soviet Union invaded Hungary and killed 30,000 people and restored the government with a pro­Soviet leader. ● The United States and UN did not do anything. 3. The Cold War Takes to the Skies ­Who was Nikita Khruschchev? ● He became the Soviet leader after Stalin’s death. ● He believed communism could take over the world peacefully in which two powers would compete economically and scientifically. A. The Space Race ­How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik affect the United States? ● Americans were shocked at being beaten and poured money into their own space program. B. A U­2 is Shot Down ­What was a U­2? What was the U.S. doing with the U­2? ● A U­2 was a plane that could fly at high altitudes and not be detected by enemy radar. ● Taking detailed photographs of the Soviet Union’s troop movements and missile sites. ­Who was Francis Gary Powers? ● A U­2 pilot. ­What happened to Powers? ● His U­2 was shot down by a Soviet pilot and Powers had to parachute out of his plane. He was captured and sentenced to ten years in prison. C. Renewed Confrontation ­What was the U­2 incident? ● The shooting down of the U­2 American plane in the Soviet Union. ­How did the U­2 flight of Francis Gary Powers influence U.S.­Soviet relations? ● Tensions were high entering the 1960s.