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Ch. 24 Review for Quiz In your Journal: 1. What is humidity? 2. Explain how fog is formed. 3. Explain coalescence 4. In what form is atmospheric water found? 5. How is sleet formed? Chapter 25 Weather Air Mass • A large section of air with the same temperature and humidity throughout. Where do air masses obtain their characteristic temperature and moisture content? Air Mass How do air masses move? • Move from high pressure to low pressure Types of Air Masses Types of Air Masses • Continental Tropical (cT) • Hot and dry • Forms over the southwestern U.S.. Types of Air Masses Named according to where the air mass formed. Maritime – formed over the ocean Continental – formed over a continent Tropical – formed near the equator Polar - formed near the poles Arctic- Formed at the arctic Polar Front • The boundary between cold polar air and warmer mid latitude air. • 400 -600 latitude Types of Air Masses Maritime Polar (mP) • Cold and humid • Forms over cold ocean water such as the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.. Types of Air Masses Continental Polar (cP) • Cold and dry • Can cause a cold snap all the way to Florida.. Types of Air Masses Continental Arctic (cA) • Very cold and dry • Forms over northern Canada and the Arctic regions. Fronts • Boundaries between two different air masses. • Changes in weather take place along fronts!!! Types of Fronts Cold Front: forms when a cold air mass pushes under a warmer air mass. • Short lived and intense rain and maybe high wind. Types of Fronts Warm Front: forms when a warm air mass rises over and displaces a cold air mass. • Has a gentle slope • Gentle showers Types of Fronts Stationary Front: this front doesn’t move. Types of Fronts Occluded Front: occurs when a cold front overtakes a warm front. • Could bring any type of precipitation. Occluded Front from the side Wave Cyclone • Low pressure area – Brings on stormy weather Anticyclone • High pressure area –Brings clear dry weather. Hurricanes • Intense, tropical, low pressure areas. • Form over warm ocean water • Heavy rain • Hurricane season June to Nov. Hurricane Katrina Most common Hurricane tracks Hurricanes • 300-600 km wide. • Eye (3) – central area of sinking air with high pressure; 15-50 km wide. • Eye wall (4) – area just outside eye;highest winds and heaviest rain. Hurricanes • Storm surge – hurricane piles up water and blows it inland. It causes the most damage. Storm surge Thunderstorms • Mostly small area storms. • Formed by strong upward movement of warm, moist air. Thunderstorms • Air mass thunderstorm – forms within a warm moist (mT) air mass. • Frontal thunderstorm – forms on or ahead of a cold front. • There are, on average, _4500___ thunderstorms /day on Earth. Lightning • Discharge of electricity • Can go from cloud to cloud, cloud to ground or ground to cloud. Lightning effects Thunder • Caused by the rapid expansion of air due to the high heat of the bolt. • It takes 3 seconds to travel 1 km. • It takes 5 seconds to travel 1 mile. Tornados • Narrow funnel shaped column of spiral winds. – Intense low in the center. • Tornado season : April to June Tornados • Form when rising air from a thunderstorm meets high horizontal winds. • Winds cause the rising air to rotate. Waterspout • Tornado over water • Usually light in color. Waterspout Temperature • Instrument: thermometer • Units: degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius Bimetal Thermometer • Made of 2 strips of different metals • Each expand at different rates causing bending. • Bar curves when heated and straightens when cooled. Wind Speed • Instrument: anemometer • Units: mph Wind Direction • Instrument weather vane • Units N,S,E,W ***Wind is named from the direction it blows from. Direction by degrees • • • • • Begin with 0o Go clockwise to 360o East is _____. 90o 270o 180o South is _____. West is _____.. 270o 0o 90o 180o Doppler Radar • Shows location and shape of precipitation areas. • Detects tornados through wind speed and direction.. Satellites • Provide cloud formation pictures. • Make high altitude temperature and humidity readings. • Can show location of hurricane eye. Geostationary satellites • Rotates with the Earth to stay over one fixed position. • Can view nearly half the Earth. • Provide weather loops. • Can track hurricanes across the Atlantic Ocean Forecasting Weather: Station Model 25% cloud cover Temp. 46 344 46 1034.4 mb 25 mph SW wind Isobars • Lines drawn on a weather map that connect points of the same pressure. • They indicate where high and low pressure system centers are. • Winds blow from high to low pressure. • When lines are close together, it’s windy.. Isotherms • Lines drawn on a weather map connecting points of the same temperature. • They shift or bend toward the poles in summer and toward the equator in winter…