Download The War of 1812 During the American Revolution, many American

The War of 1812
During the American Revolution, many American
Indian tribes sided with the British because they did not
trust the colonists. The British continued to supply the
Indians with guns. They also wanted to keep up their
profitable fur trade.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The Northwest Ordinance recognized Indian tribal rights
and if someone wanted to purchase Indian lands they
had to do so by a treaty.
Many of the American Indian leaders did not trust the
Americans. Led by Little Turtle and his Shawnee ally
Blue Jacket, Indian warriors attacked settlers in Ohio in
1790 and 1791.
President George Washington sent General Anthony
Wayne to Ohio in 1792 to protect the settlers. General
Wayne defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen
Timbers. This was the final battle for control of the NW
Territory. A year later many Indian tribes agreed to
leave Ohio in the Treaty of Greenville.
The treaty of Greenville was signed in late 1795. It
became a major turning point in the relations between
Indians and Americans in Ohio.
Terms of the Treaty of Greenville (1795)
• Peace: The treaty brought peace. It also brought a
final end to the NW Indian Wars.
• Opened the West: The treaty allowed the white
settlers in the Western lands. This increased
migration to the west and the settlement of frontier
areas.
• Surrender of Lands: The Indian tribes gave up a
large portion of their land. This was almost 2/3 of
present-day Ohio. Many Indian tribes had to move
west of the Mississippi River.
• Payment to the Indians: The US government
agreed to give the Indian tribes $20,000 in goodsblankets, utensils, and domestic animals. The
government also agreed to pay $9,500 in goods
each year.
Chief Tecumseh
In 1806, a Shawnee chief named Tecumseh and his
brother, known as the Prophet, tried to unite all the
Indian tribes in the area. They argued that the tribes
should band against the settlers. They also believed
they should refuse to give up their lands.
In 1811 American soldiers fought Tecumseh’s brother in
the Battle of Tippecanoe and burned a Shawnee
village.
War of 1812
While the Indians were arguing over lands and rights,
the British and Americans began having new
disagreements.
Britain was already at war with France. The British navy
began stopping American ships and forcing the
American sailors to be in the British navy. This taking of
sailors was known as impressment.
Americans were also angry because they believed that
the British were still supplying guns to the Indians in the
NW Territory.
Finally, some US Congressmen believed it was time for
the US to seize Canada from the British.
For all these reasons, a conflict known as the War of
1812 began. Most of the fighting took place on the
Great Lakes. Twice the British army attacked Fort Meigs,
on Ohio’s Naumee River.
In 1813 the Americans defeated the British in the Battle
of Lake Erie. This victory helped the Americans win the
war. Admiral Oliver Perry led a group of American ships
to victory over British ships. The US gained control of
Lake Erie. It also blocked the British from supplying their
fort in Detroit.
In Ohio many Indians refused to accept the Treaty of
Greenville. Chief Tecumseh was later wounded and
died in 1813 during the war.