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WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY? - Geography is the study of the Earth and its people LOCATION - Location describes where something is - Exact location is mainly measured by latitude and longitude, which is a system of gridlines that pinpoint the location of a place - Relative location is used to find the location of a place by using surrounding land marks to describe where something is in relation to that landmark PLACE - Place describes the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique - Physical features are specific things that you find in that location * Examples: climate, plants, animals, bodies of water - Human features include types of houses that are built there, how people earn a living, languages, and religions Interaction Between People and Their Environment - This is the relationship between people and their environment - Basically asks what do people do to make the life as comfortable and enjoyable as they can in the place that they live - How do they adapt to their surroundings? MOVEMENT - Movement is how and why people, ideas, and goods move from one place to another - These movements may have great cultural change on an area REGIONS - Regions are areas that share common characteristics - These include characteristics such as land, natural resources, or population SOLAR SYSTEM • Inner planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars – Small and solid planets • Outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune • Each planet follows an orbit around the sun EARTH’S MOVEMENT • Earth takes 365 ¼ days to make one revolution around the sun (one year) – Every four years we have a leap year to account for the ¼ day each year (February 29) • As the Earth orbits the sun, it also rotates on its axis – One rotation every 24 hours – The reason we do not feel the earth rotating is due to the atmosphere SOLSTICES • On June 21, the Tropic of Cancer receives the most direct rays of the sun making it summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere • Most hours of daylight per day in northern hemisphere and the least amount of sunlight per day in the southern hemisphere • On December 22, the sun’s rays are the opposite of June 21 so they are most direct over Tropic of Capricorn (winter in N. Hemisphere/summer in S. Hemisphere) • EQUINOX • On September 23 and March 21, the sun’s rays are the most direct over the Equator • The number of daylight hours are equal in both hemispheres • Sept. 23 is first day of fall in north and first day of spring in south • March 21 is first day of spring in the north and first day of fall in south EFFECTS OF LATITUDE • The sun’s rays hit directly between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn (known as the Tropics) • As you move away from the equator in to higher latitudes, the climate tends to get colder since you are feeling less direct rays of the sun • The middle latitudes tend to have weather and temperatures that vary HEMISPHERES • Hemispheres is how we divide the world in to sections based on latitude and longitude • The Northern Hemisphere is any area above the Equator and the Southern Hemisphere is any area below the Equator • The Western Hemisphere is any area to the left of the Prime Meridian and the Eastern Hemisphere is any area to the right of the Prime Meridian