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AP UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS TEXT QUESTIONS
1. Civil liberties are legal and constitutional protections
against
A. private enterprise
B. criminals
C. government
D. tyranny
E. foreign invasions
7. The legal concept through which the SCOTUS has
nationalized the Bill of Rights is called the
A. incorporation doctrine
B. implied powers doctrine
C. enumerated powers doctrine
D. due process doctrine
E. disincorporation doctrine
2. The _____ is the final interpreter of the content and
scope of Americans’ civil liberties.
A. SCOTUS
B. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
C. Constitution
D. Congress
E. POTUS
8. The establishment of a national or official religion is
prohibited by the
A. establishment clause
B. due process clause
C. freedom of religion
D. free exercise clause
E. Second Amendment
3. The freedoms of speech, press, religion, and
assembly are contained in the
A. Fourth Amendment
B. First Amendment
C. Third Amendment
D. First, Second, Third, and Fourth
Amendments
E. Second Amendment
9. In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the SCOTUS established
that aid to church-related schools must do all of the
following EXCEPT
A. inhibit religion
B. not create excessive government
entanglement with religion
C. have a secular purpose
D. treat all religions equally
E. not advance religion
4. The language of the First Amendment, “Congress
shall make no law,” suggests that
A. the Bill of Rights was written to restrict the
powers of the national government
B. the Bill of Rights was written to restrict the
powers of the state government
C. the Bill of Rights, as written, did not apply to
state governments
D. A and C
E. A and B
5. In the case of ___________, the SCOTUS ruled that
the Bill of Rights restrained only the national
government, not states and cities.
A. Engel v. Vitale
B. New York v. United States
C. Barron v. Baltimore
D. Miranda v. Arizona
E. Gitlow v. New York
6. Beginning with the case of ________ in 1925, the
SCOTUS began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied
directly to the states, as well as the national
government.
A. Barron v. Baltimore
B. United States v. Bill of Rights
C. Miranda v. Arizona
D. Engel v. Vitale
E. Gitlow v. New York
10. In dealing with First Amendment cases involving
religion, the SCOTUS has ruled that
A. while all religious beliefs are constitutionally
protected, all religious practices are not
B. government must not interfere with any
expression of religious faith
C. such questions should be resolved at the
state and local levels of government
D. the Constitution does not protect
antireligious beliefs and practices
E. none of the above
11. The __________ Amendment forbids forced selfincrimination, stating that no person “shall be
compelled to be a witness against himself.”
A. Fifth
B. Fourth
C. Twenty-sixth
D. First
E. Ninth
12. Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random
manner, in violation of the Fourth Amendment, is
known as
A. bounty hunting
B. cruel and unusual punishment
C. a violation of privacy
D. an Ariel search
E. unreasonable search and seizure
13. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) is significant in that it
A. marks the SCOTUS ruling that the death
penalty is constitutional, even though it is an
extreme sanction for the most extreme of
crimes
B. settled once and for all debate over whether
the death penalty constitutes cruel and
unusual punishment
C. was the first time the Court found a state’s
death penalty practices (in this case, the
state of Georgia) to be “freakish” and
“random.”
D. A and C
E. B and C
14. In Hamdam v. Rumsfeld (2006) the SCOTUS ruled
that
A. terrorists are not entitled to protection by the
Bill of Rights
B. the president has “inherent power” to fight
the war on terror as he sees fit; therefore,
the POTUS can establish judicial
procedures on his own
C. the Geneva Convention does not apply
because the “enemy combatants” are not
soldiers in a recognized army
D. the procedures for trying prisoners at
Guantanamo Bay were insufficient for
ensuring a fair trial
E. all of the above
15. The principle that statements about public figures
are libelous only if made with malice and reckless
disregard for the truth was established in
A. the Anti-Defamation Act of 1952
B. Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
C. Texas v. Johnson
D. New York Times v. Sullivan
E. Osborne v. Ohio
16. A shield law
A. prevents the courts from closing criminal
trials to the press
B. gives reporters the right to withhold
information from the courts
C. gives judges the right to issue a gag order
D. protects certain religious practices not
covered by SCOTUS rulings
E. prevents reporters from disclosing secret
government information
17. In the case Miranda v. Arizona, the SCOTUS ruled
that
A. police must inform any suspect of a series of
rights, including the constitutional right to
remain silent
B. the police must show probable cause before
making an arrest
C. illegally obtained evidence cannot be used
in trial
D. the death penalty could be imposed for the
most extreme of crimes
E. defendants in all felony cases have a right to
counsel, even if the state has to provide
such legal assistance.
18. Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the
A. self-incrimination
B. exclusionary clause
C. Sixth Amendment
D. Fifth Amendment
E. Eighth Amendment
19. The SCOTUS case of Gideon v. Wainwright
A. prohibited government officials from issuing
gag orders to the media
B. ruled that illegally seized evidence cannot
be used in court
C. set guidelines for police questioning of
suspects
D. gave only those accused of capital crimes
the right to counsel
E. extended the right to counsel to everyone
accused of a felony
20. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The SCOTUS has prohibited prayer and
recitation of Bible verses in public schools
when done as a part of classroom exercises.
B. The SCOTUS has prohibited the posting of
the Ten Commandments on the walls of
public classrooms.
C. The SCOTUS has declared that it is
unconstitutional to pray in public schools.
D. All of the above
E. A and B
21. In Roth v. United States, the SCOTUS held that
A. the film Carnal Knowledge, which had
critical acclaim but a sexual theme and
explicit scenes, could not be banned
B. the government cannot prohibit
discrimination against women priests by
churches because it would violate the free
exercise of religion
C. obscenity is not within the area of
constitutionally protected free speech
D. the possession of child pornography was not
covered by any right to free speech or press,
and could be made a crime
E. outdoor drive-ins could not be barred from
showing a film that included nudity
22. In the case of ______________, the SCOTUS ruled
that the protection against unreasonable search and
seizure applied to the state and local governments,
as well as the national government, thus
nationalizing the exclusionary rule.
A. Gideon v. Wainwright
B. Roth v. United States
C. Mapp v. Ohio
D. United States v. New York
E. Miranda v. Arizona
23. Miller v. California (1973)
A. resulted in uniform state laws regulating
obscenity
B. prohibited hanging as a cruel and unusual
punishment
C. abolished pornographic material only when it
involved children
D. achieved a workable definition of legal
obscenity
E. stated that local communities should have
more responsibility over deciding what
constitutes obscenity
24. The SCOTUS ruled that freedom of religious practice
was more important than the right of the government
to interfere in deciding in favor of
A. the Louisiana law requiring schools that
taught Darwinian theory to teach the Bible’s
version of creation as well
B. Christian Scientists’ religious opposition to
scientific medical treatment for themselves
or their children
C. the right of Amish parents in Wisconsin to
take their children out of public school after
the eighth grade
D. the right of an orthodox Jewish Air Force
captain to wear his yarmulke despite the
strict military dress code
E. a Mormon who justified polygamy on
religious grounds
25. In the Engel v. Vitale (1962), the SCOTUS ruled that
_____________ was (were) unconstitutional.
A. segregation
B. the Connecticut statute barring the
distribution of birth control information
C. police search or seizure without an
authorized warrant
D. prior restraint
E. prayers done as classroom exercises in
public schools
26. The significance of Zurcher v. Stanford Daily (1978)
is that the Court
A. held that a reporter’s right to protect sources
outweighed the right of a fair trial
B. held that a search warrant could be applied
to a newspaper, as with anyone else,
without violating the First Amendment
C. overturned a reporter’s right to a fair trial
D. upheld a restriction on the press in the
interest of a free trial
E. restricted freedom of the press in forcing the
Stanford Daily to reveal sources
27. In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the SCOTUS
A. ruled that various portions of the Bill of
Rights cast “penumbras” protecting a right to
privacy, including a right to family planning
B. overturned a Connecticut state law banning
the use of contraceptives
C. held that abortion was a woman’s legal right
D. A and B
E. B and C
28. In its Near v. Minnesota (1931) decision, the
SCOTUS ruled that
A. a school newspaper was not a public forum
and could be regulated “in any reasonable
manner” by school officials
B. states had the power to use prior restraint
broadly, but the national government did not
C. the state government could not use prior
restraint to shut down an outspoken
newspaper
D. a CIA agent could not publish a personal
memoir without clearing it through the
agency
E. states were prohibited from publishing
newspapers because that amounted to
government censorship of the press and
constituted the establishment of a
government monopoly
29. In Roe v. Wade the SCOTUS ruled that in the third
trimester of pregnancy
A. states cannot ban abortion unless the
mother’s life is in danger
B. states can ban abortion except when the
mother’s health is in danger
C. states cannot ban abortion
D. the federal government, but not the states, is
prohibited from funding abortions for poor
women
E. states are prohibited from funding the
abortions of poor women
33. Which of the following is provided by the USA Patriot
Act?
A. allowed agents to monitor political or
religious groups without connection to a
criminal investigation
B. powers to examine a terror suspect’s
records held by doctors, libraries, and
universities
C. eased restrictions on domestic spying in
counterterrorism operations
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
30. In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey,
the SCOTUS ruled that abortion
A. was a fundamental right, and any
restrictions on such a right had to be judged
by a “strict scrutiny”
B. must be funded by state governments when
the mother cannot afford it, or it would be a
violation of the equal protection clause
C. funding by any level of government was
unconstitutional
D. could be completely outlawed by individual
states
E. restrictions could be imposed by states if
they did not involve “undue burdens” on the
women seeking abortions
34. What are the three levels of scrutiny used by the
SCOTUS to discover whether discrimination is
permissible?
A. negligent, arguably discriminatory, and
reasonable
B. reasonable, inherently suspect, and the
intermediate standard
C. suspect, inherently suspect, and the
intermediate standard
D. reasonable, inherently suspect, and grossly
discriminatory
E. arguably discriminatory, reasonable
analysis, and negligent
31. In Sternberg v. Carhart (2007), the SCOTUS
A. overturned Roe v. Wade
B. overturned a 2003 law banning “partial birth
abortion” because it does not make an
exception to preserve the mother’s health
C. upheld a 2003 law banning “partial birth
abortion” despite the fact that it does not
make an exception to preserve the mother’s
health
D. ruled that “partial birth abortion” should
never be permitted under any circumstances
E. A and C
32. The 1984 Equal Access Act
A. makes it unlawful for public high schools
receiving federal funding to keep students
from using school facilities for religious
worship if the school opens its facilities for
other student meetings
B. allows prayer in schools
C. makes it unlawful for public high schools
receiving federal funding to permit students
to use school facilities for religious worship
D. prohibits prayer in schools
E. both B and C
35. Equal protection of the laws
A. is guaranteed in the original Constitution
B. provides a rigid standard for constitutional
interpretation
C. means that laws cannot establish different
standards for the treatment of different
groups
D. does not deny states treating classes of
citizens differently if the classification is
reasonable
E. means that states have to make their laws
promote equality among persons
36. State laws that restrict the right to vote to people
over the age of 18 are an example of
A. a reasonable classification under the
SCOTUS standards of classification
B. a permissible basis for discrimination under
the SCOTUS standards of classification
C. an arbitrary classification under the
SCOTUS standards of classification
D. an inherently suspect classification under
the SCOTUS standards of classification
E. A and B
37. Today the equal protection clause is interpreted
broadly enough to do all of the following EXCEPT
A. permit sexual harassment
B. forbid racial segregation in the public
schools
C. reapportion state legislatures
D. prohibit job discrimination
E. none of the above
38. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson,
A. the principle of “separate but equal was
overturned
B. school busing was allowed to remedy racial
segregation
C. United States citizenship and all rights that
go with it are granted to former slaves
D. housing discrimination was forbidden
E. the principle of “separate but equal” was
used to justify segregation
39. Jim Crow laws were those that
A. established slavery and contract law
regulating the slave trade
B. sought to end segregation and bring the
races closer contact with one another
C. the North enforced in the South during
Reconstruction, granting rights to former
slaves
D. justified slavery and set codes for slaves’
behavior
E. were enacted by Southern whites in the late
nineteenth century to segregate African
Americans from Whites
40. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the SCOTUS
A. enunciated the principle of equal but
separate
B. ordered the Topeka school district to spend
more money on Black books
C. ruled that the visible signs of education were
substantially equal between Black schools
and White schools
D. ruled that school segregation was inherently
unequal
E. enunciated the principle of separate but
equal
41. De jure educational segregation occurs
A. by the reality of neighborhood schools
located in areas that happen to be racially
segregated
B. from day-to-day depending on changing
enrollments at a particular school
C. by constitutional amendment
D. by forced school busing to integrate the
races
E. by law
42. De facto educational segregation occurs
A. when segregated classrooms occur within
an integrated school
B. by the reality of neighborhood schools
located in areas that happen to be racially
segregated
C. by forced school busing to integrate the
races
D. by forced school busing to separate the
races
E. by law
43. After Brown v. Board of Education (1954), school
integration in the South
A. was completed within three years
B. never changed
C. proceeded very slowly
D. ended abruptly
E. was unaffected by the decision
44. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A. made racial discrimination illegal in the
places of public accommodation
B. forbade discrimination in employment on the
basis of race, color, national origin, religion,
or gender
C. prohibited gender discrimination in the work
place
D. A and B
E. neither A nor B
45. The agency created by the 1964 Civil Rights Act and
charged with monitoring and enforcing protections
against job discrimination is the
A. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
B. Voting Rights Commission
C. National Bar Association
D. Federal Trade Commission
E. Federal Communications Commission
46. In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the
SCOTUS
A. ruled just prior to World War II that
Japanese Americans living the United
States had to repatriated (sent back) to
Japan
B. upheld the constitutionality of the United
States atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
C. upheld the constitutionality of the removal of
Japanese Americans from the west coast
and their placement in internment camps
during World War II
D. ruled that restrictions on Japanese
ownership of land in the United States were
unconstitutional
E. ruled that the removal of Japanese
Americans from the west coast and their
placement in internment camps during
World War II was barbaric and
unconstitutional
47. Title IX of the Education Act of 1972
A. requires gender parity in public school
enrollments
B. allows gender discrimination in education if it
can be demonstrated to be an “educational
necessity”
C. requires public school institutions to
demonstrate equal average scores among
male and female students on standardized
tests
D. forbids gender discrimination in federally
subsidized education programs, including
athletics
E. prohibits single-sex education institutions
and schools
48. “Comparable worth” refers to the issues of
A. equal voting rights and access to public
office for women
B. government subsidization of women who
choose to work at home
C. reduced work responsibilities for female
workers and children
D. paying men and women equivalent salaries
for jobs requiring similar skills
E. the inherent dignity and equality of women
with men
49. The grandfather clause was passed by Oklahoma
and other southern states to
A. exclude Blacks from having the right to vote
in primary elections, though they could vote
in general elections
B. guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens
in employment
C. deny land to anyone whose grandfathers
were not White
D. distribute land to former slaves on the basis
of how many generations they had served
on a particular plantation
E. deny African Americans the right to vote
50. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A. added handicapped people to the list of
Americans protected from discrimination
B. entitles all children to a free public education
appropriate to their needs
C. prohibits employment discrimination against
the disabled
D. increased the amount of financial aid to
disabled people
E. guaranteed free, lifetime medical care and
physical therapy for Vietnam War veterans