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Grade 8 Planetary Science Full Option Science Systems Middle School Module (FOSS) Internet Links: Overview Students investigate the Milky Way solar system: the kinds and numbers of objects in the cosmos, the composition of the objects and the motions and interactions of the objects with one another. Learning Expectations ► Understand the composition, structure, and formation of the universe. ► Understand the stars and space exploration. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigation. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Think critically and logically to make connections between evidence and explanations. Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. Understand that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations; current knowledge guides scientific investigations; and mathematics and technology are important scientific tools. Understand that scientific explanations emphasize evidence. Record and graph data concretely, pictorially, and symbolically to discover relationships. Acquire the vocabulary associated with planetary science.. Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, organizing, relating and inferring. Work collaboratively and relate knowledge to new experiences. Understand science safety and follow safe practices. Content: Life Science Develop students’ understanding of Earth and its Solar System as a set of closely coupled systems. Earth is the third planet from the Sun in a system that includes the Moon, the Sun, other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets. The Sun, an average star, is the central and largest body in the Solar System. Most objects in the Solar System are in regular and predictable motion governed by the force of gravity. Those motions explain such phenomena as days, years, seasons, phases of the Moon, and eclipses. Assessments: http://www.umtsd.org/Curriculum/Science_list.htm http://FOSSWEB.com http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/scitech.doc http://www.educationworld.com/standards/national/science/index.shtml Lab experiments Performance assessments Reflective journals Teacher created assessments End of unit projects Rubrics Checklists Homework/Class work Teacher observations Grade 8 Properties of Matter Overview – Students investigate the physical and chemical properties of matter as they explore relationships between mass, volume, density, and atomic structure. Learning Expectations ► Understand the atomic nature of matter. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Think critically and logically to make connections between evidence and explanations. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. Understand that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations; current knowledge guides scientific investigations; and mathematics and technology are important scientific tools. Explain concepts about the structure of matter. Understand that scientific explanations emphasize evidence. Record and graph data concretely, pictorially, and symbolically to discover relationships. Acquire the vocabulary associated with matter. Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, organizing, relating and inferring. Work collaboratively and relate knowledge to new experiences. Understand science safety and follow safe practices. Internet Links: Content: Earth Science Develop students’ understanding of the properties of matter. Matter is everything that takes up space and has mass. Atoms are composed of even smaller sub-atomic structures whose properties are measurable. Patterns repeat on the periodic table. Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the phases of matter. Elements form compounds - ionic and covalent bonding . Assessments: Lab experiments http://www.umtsd.org/Curriculum/Science_list.htm http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/scitech.doc http://www.educationworld.com/standards/national/science/index.shtml Performance assessments Reflective journals Teacher created assessments End of unit projects Rubrics Checklists Homework/Class work Teacher observations Grade 8 Overview Students investigate structures in the universe, origins, and relationships to each other. Space Science Learning Expectations ► Understand the composition, structure, and formation of the universe. ► Understand the stars and space exploration. ► Understand the properties and uses of light. ► Understand the basic wave nature of the electromagnetic spectrum. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigation. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Describe light effects (e.g., Doppler effect, absorption, emission spectra). Explain essential ideas about the composition and structure of the universe. Think critically and logically to make connections between evidence and explanations. Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. Understand that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations; current knowledge guides scientific investigations; and mathematics and technology are important scientific tools. Understand that scientific explanations emphasize evidence. Record and graph data concretely, pictorially, and symbolically to discover relationships. Acquire the vocabulary associated with planetary science. Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, organizing, relating and inferring. Work collaboratively and relate knowledge to new experiences. Understand science safety and follow safe practices. Internet Links: http://www.umtsd.org/Curriculum/Science_list.htm http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/scitech.doc http://www.educationworld.com/standards/national/science/index.shtml Content: Physical Science Develop students’ understanding of the universe and its structures.. Instruments are used to study and record data from space. Theories of the formation of the solar system and the universe have changed over time. Scientists study all forms of the electromagnetic spectrum. Stellar distance is determined by “red-shift”. There are many structures in the universe. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram describes the structure and life-cycle of a star. Fusion is the nuclear process responsible for the star’s energy. Apparent and absolute magnitude is a way of measuring stellar distance. Constellations are a way of mapping the stars. Assessments: Lab experiments Performance assessments Reflective journals Teacher created assessments End of unit projects Rubrics Checklists Homework/Class work Teacher observations Grade 8 Meteorology Overview – Students investigate meteorological patterns to predict weather patterns and the impact weather has on the globe. Real time weather observations and models will be explored. Learning Expectations ► Understand meteorological processes. ► Understand factors that affect weather patterns. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Think critically and logically to make connections between evidence and explanations. Interpret meteorological data. Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. Understand that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations; current knowledge guides scientific investigations; and mathematics and technology are important scientific tools. Understand that scientific explanations emphasize evidence. Record and graph data concretely, pictorially, and symbolically to discover relationships. Acquire the vocabulary associated with light and sound. Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, organizing, relating and inferring. Work collaboratively and relate knowledge to new experiences. Content: Earth Science Develop students’ understanding in how to measure, analyze, and predict factors that effect weather. Clouds form in the atmosphere above the earth’s surface. Heat can be transferred by radiation, conduction, or convection. Solar radiation is a major source of energy for weather phenomena. The composition, color, and moisture content of a material affect the rate at which it absorbs or reflects solar energy. The atmosphere has different properties at different altitudes and is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases including water vapor. Air rises and falls as it is heated or cooled as the surface absorbs or radiates heat. Rising water vapor cools, and condenses to form clouds. Patterns in atmospheric movement affect weather. Internet Links: http://www.umtsd.org/Curriculum/Science_list.htm http://Achieve.Weatherbug.com http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/home.rxml http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/scitech.doc http://www.educationworld.com/standards/national/science/index.shtml Convection currents move heat through the troposphere. Fronts form at the boundary between two air masses with different temperature, pressure, and humidity conditions. The movement and exchange of water between the earth, atmosphere, and oceans is called the water cycle. Precipitation, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes often develop in low-pressure weather conditions (or when warm and cold air masses meet). Oceans have a major effect on climate. Assessment: Lab experiments Performance assessments Reflective journals Teacher created assessments End of unit projects Rubrics Checklists Homework/Class work Teacher observations