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Curriculum and Instruction Maps Dade County Schools Course:6th Earth Science Unit: Inside the Earth Stage 1: Desired Results Standards Assessed/Learning Goals -Science (GPS), Grade 6, Earth Science -S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed. a. Compare and contrast the Earth's crust, mantle, and core including temperature, density, and composition. f. Explain the effects of physical processes (plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, volcanic eruption, gravity) on geological features including oceans (composition, currents, and tides). g. Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface and climate of the Earth. h. Describe soil as consisting of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material. Enduring Understandings Essential Questions -Students will understand that: *The earth is layered with a partly molten, -metallic core; a mantle that though solid, is hot enough to flow; and a colder, rigid lithosphere. *Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans constantly move. *Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions. *Some changes in the earth's surface are abrupt (such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) while other changes happen very slowly (such as uplift and wearing down of mountains). *What are the layers of Earth? *What are the features of each layer of the Earth? *What challenges stand in the way of sending explorers to the center of the earth's surface? *What is the cause of the movement of tectonic plates? *How does the movement of lithospheric plates cause major events on earth's surface? *What evidence do scientists have that continents were once joined together? *How are mountains formed? *How have fossils provided scientists with evidence of plate tectonics? *What is an earthquake? *What can seismic waves tell us about the interior of the earth? *What are the main features of a volcano? *Compare and contrast the three types of volcanoes. *Explain the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics. Knowledge Students will know … *The earth is layered with a crust (lithosphere), mantle (asthenosphere and mesosphere), molten outer core, and dense, solid inner core. *Each layer differs in composition, density, and temperature. *Temperature and density increases as depth increases. *The composition of the earth changes with the depth and layers. Skills Students will know how to… *name and label the four major layers of the earth. *compare and contrast each layer in terms of its temperature, density, and chemical composition. *describe a tectonic plate. *explain how scientists know about the structure of the Earth's interior. *describe Alfred Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift. *explain how sea-floor spreading provides a way for Curriculum and Instruction Maps Dade County Schools *The crust is the upper part of the rigid lithosphere and is of different composition under land than the ocean floor. *Below the rigid lithosphere, the mantle consists of hot rock of tar-like consistency, which slowly moves or flows. *The outer core is molten and the inner core is a dense solid. *The lithosphere is divided into separate plates which move very slowly in response to the convection currents in the mantle. *Heat from the mantle and core creates convection currents. *This plate movement causes major geologic events such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain formation. *At the edges or boundaries of the plates, the earth's crust is in motion. *The theory of plate tectonics connects the evidence for the formation, movement, and destruction of the plates. *At divergent plate boundaries such as the midAtlantic ridge, new ocean floor is created in a process called sea-floor spreading. *At convergent plate boundaries known as subduction zones, a trench and deep earthquakes mark the zone where a slab of oceanic lithosphere descends into the mantle, and volcanoes and mountain ranges form on adjacent land. *When continental crust meets continental crust at a convergent boundary, a collision occurs, resulting in folds, faults, and high mountains. *Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other. They connect other plate boundaries and are known for their frequent earthquake activity. *Earthquakes take place along the edges of tectonic plates. *Earthquakes are caused by stress that builds up along fault lines near the edges of tectonic plates. *Earthquakes occur when the rocks release energy caused by stress. *Waves of energy travel through the Earth are call seismic waves. *Seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior are called body waves. There are two main types of body waves: P waves and S waves. Seismic continents to move. *describe how new oceanic lithosphere forms at midocean ridges. *explain how magnetic reversals provide evidenc ef sea-floor spreading. *describe the three types of tectonic plate boundaries. *describe the three forces thought to move tectonic plates. *explain how scientists measure the rate at which tectonic plates move. *compare and contrast the three different types of volcanoes. *identify physical features of a volcano. *explain the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics (or tell how volanoes are formed). Curriculum and Instruction Maps Dade County Schools waves that travel on the Earth's surface. *Seismographs are instruments that record vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake. *A seismogram is a tracing of earthquake motion and is created by a seismograph. *An epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus. *A focus is the point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs. *Seismologists use the Richter magnitude scale to measure the strenth of earthquakes. *Volcanoes are areas of the Earth's surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass. *Nonexplosive volcanic eruptions are the most common type of eruption in which produce relatively calm lava flows. *Explosive volcanic eruptions are rare, but the effects can be destructive. During an explosive eruption, clouds of hot debris, ash, and gas rapidly shoot out from a volcano. *The composition of magma affects how explosive a volcanic eruption is. The key to whether an eruption will be explosive lies in the silica, water, and gas content of the magma. *Volcanic ash and gases can spread throughout the atmosphere and block sunlight from reaching Earth which in turn can cause global temperatures to drop. *As a result of climate changes, food shortages can also become a problem. Diagnostic/Prior Knowledge Assessment -Pre-test -informal discussion -CRCT results Stage 2: Evidence of Learning Formative Assessments -Ticket out the door -Think - Pair- Share -Thumbs Up - Down -Questioning -3-2-1 facts -illustrations -notebook check -discussions Summative Assessments -mini-unit tests -quizzes -Post - Test -Projects Curriculum and Instruction Maps Dade County Schools Stage 3: Learning Activities Teaching for Meaning, Acquisition, & Higher Order Thinking Levels Transfer -Thinking Maps Remembering -Vocabulary activities Understanding -Brain Pop Applying -Concept Maps Creating -Bill Nye -United Streaming Videos -Puzzles -Finding the Epicenter (computer lab) -Top 100 science vocabulary -Flash card game -Science Court -Create a song for Plate Tectonics using appropriate vocabulary -Create multi-media presentations