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St Andrews Botanic Garden Champion Tree Trail Guide Book Plant Labels Explained Contents Introduction 3 World Champion Trees 4 Our Tree Trail 5 1 Apricot 6&7 2 Giant Aspen 8&9 3 Liempde Willow 10 &11 4 Mountain Paper Birch 12 &13 5 Caucasian Lime 14 &15 6 Jacquemont’s Birch 16 &17 7 Korean Whitebeam 18 & 19 8 Mongolian Pine 20& 21 9 Likiang Spruce 22& 23 10 Oregon Alder 24& 25 11 Musk Willow 26& 27 12 Miyabe Maple 28& 29 Additional Champions 30 Further Information 31 Acknowledgments/Notes 32/33 Tree Trail Map 34/35 This standard format is used for all plant labels in the Garden. The TROBI number is unique to Champion Trees and appears on the Tree Register website database. TREE REGISTER OF THE BRITISH ISLES number 158100 PLANT FAMILY Rose family SCIENTIFIC NAME WHERE FROM Botanic Garden Accession No. CODE No. / YEAR PLANTED COMMON NAME 2 Introduction Trees are valuable indicators of climate change through their growth patterns. Champion trees are the tallest, stoutest, oldest or rarest of their kind in an area. A tree may be a Champion for height and/or girth; or be the oldest but not the tallest or a combination of these characters. TROBI (Tree Register of the British Isles) is a valuable national archive of over 150,000 champion trees with information going back 200 years. It was founded in 1988 by the late Alan Mitchell of the Forestry Commission. With his assistant Victoria Schilling, he travelled the country measuring trees. The Commission were seeking superior trees to obtain seed to produce higher quality plants and better timber. The Tree Register is continued by Dr Owen Johnson and David Alderman with many volunteer tree verifiers throughout the country such as Ian Douglas, Friend of the Botanic Garden and local measurer Judy Dowling. Alan Mitchell was not the first to measure trees. Interest in trees is well recorded by John Claudius Loudon in 1838 in his Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum. This was continued by Elwes & Henry in their Trees of Great Britain and Ireland in 1903 which provided a valuable data base. In 2004 Mitchell, Schilling and Johnson recorded trees in St Andrews Botanic Garden with Ian Douglas. This year (2012) Judy Dowling and David Laing, Garden Supervisor, re-measured the girth of every tree in the Garden; Ian Douglas and Nikki Macdonald re-measured the heights, and David Alderman visited to verify the trees. With this updated information Dr Johnson has now confirmed which trees are still champions. Updating the Tree Register database for the entire country is an on-going process providing important statistics on the growth of British trees. We are very grateful for the help of all involved. 3 World Champions Trees can grow to be the largest living things on this planet. Whether a dwarf Willow, short-lived Silver Birch, evergreen Scots Pine with the greatest range of any tree, or an incredibly long-lived Yew, all have a special role to play in their environment. They are important for biodiversity, providing food and shelter to wildlife. Even in death they are a rich source of organic matter, decomposing to release nutrients for new life. The TALLEST tree in the world is Coast Redwood ‘Hyperion’ in Redwood National Park, California at 116 m (379’). It is the largest of an elite club of only 33 trees which are taller than 110m. Beyond these heights the tree struggles to transport water and nutrients from the roots to the highest leaves; root systems cannot support the tree and there is more risk from extreme weather. The STOUTEST tree in the world is Montezuma Cypress ‘Arbol del Tule ’ in Mexico at a girth of 36 m (119 ft). Based on the Woodland Trust’s standard measure a British hug is 1.5 m. It would take 24 people with arms outstretched to fully encircle the trunk of this tree. The LARGEST tree in the world (based on volume of wood) is Giant Sequoia ‘General Sherman’ in Sequoia National Park, California at 1,487 m³ (52,508 cu ft). The verified OLDEST (non-clonal) tree in the world is Bristlecone Pine ‘Methuselah’, White Mountains, California at 4,844 years. Clonal plants are those where there is new growth from very old rootstock. These amazing trees are all found near the Pacific coast of USA because the moisture -laden air supports the growth of these mammoth trees. The next largest specimens are found in Australia, Tasmania and Borneo. 4 Our Tree Trail The tallest tree in Britain is a Grand Fir in Argyll, Scotland. In 2010 it was 64m (210') high, equivalent to 16 double-decker buses stacked one on top of the other. The oldest is likely to be the Fortingall Yew near Aberfeldy, estimated to be between 2000 and 5000 years old. WHERE would you expect to find the largest apricot tree in the country? It is right here in St Andrews Botanic Garden growing in the Car Park. This Guide Book gives detailed information on twelve of our Champion Trees. Because many of our trees are rare in Britain, we have a selection of British, Scottish and County Champions for height and girth. We can now compare the growth rates over eight years between 2004 and 2012. The girth of each tree was recorded using a measuring tape at the standard 1.5m above ground unless the tree branched at this height. Then the narrowest section of trunk above or below this point was used. Heights were measured by Ian Douglas, using the ‘ruler’ method. This involves holding the ruler at arm’s length, ‘fitting’ the tree on to the ruler, and comparing with an object of known height to work out height. This is repeated several times and an average taken to ensure accuracy. A laser clinometer is the modern method for measuring height. The age of all our trees can be found on the label (see page 2). This trail takes you to the pond and back through some of the most beautiful parts of the Garden. Use the map at the back of this guide to find your way around. Children’s Activity Backpacks are available when the Gatehouse is open and a children’s tree trail guide is available to download or borrow at the entrance all year around. For website details see p31. 5 1 APRICOT– Prunus armeniaca Family Rosaceae. Native to Armenia, central Asia to China. BRITISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 7m and GIRTH 124cm (2012) The largest apricot tree in Britain. There are 200 species of Prunus including plum, damson, cherry, peach, nectarine and sloe. This tree produces beautiful flowers in April which attract bees and other pollinators, and in hot summers bears a few fruit. Spot bracket fungus feeding on the wood Planted in early 1970’s with seed from the University Botanical Garden Riga, Latvia to research the acclimatisation of fruit and other economic plants, particularly hardiness of peaches and apricots. 6 Blossom Rich in Vitamin A Good for jams, jellies and preserves. The fruit dries well. An attractive tree which branches above 0.6m where the girth was measured, rather than the standard 1.5m above ground. In the wild reaching 10m in height. Reputed to have been introduced to Greece by Alexander the Great, although domestication was much earlier in India and China. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 116cm Girth in 2012 - 128cm (measured at 0.6m below fork) Increase - 12cm in 8 years In 2005 Turkey was the leading fruit producer, followed by Iran. The kernels produce an oil used in aromatherapy, balms and soaps. In North Pakistan the longevity of the people is attributed to apricot use. 7 This tree grows with others in the middle of east border of the Car Park approximately 2m back from the edge. See map position 1 2 GIANT ASPEN – Populus tremula ‘Gigas’ Willow Family Salicaceae. Native to Sweden, Europe & Asia BRITISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 18m and GIRTH 155cm (2012) This special Aspen was first discovered growing near Lake Ringsjon in Sweden. Gigas means ‘giant’ in Greek. This tree is a triploid form and has more chromosomes than common diploid aspen. It has the potential to grow faster and taller. The leaves & catkins also grow larger. Spot red lichen Lichen - a partnership between fungus and alga. Alga provides food; fungus ensures reproduction. The species name tremula refers to the way leaves tremble in the breeze. This tree came from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1970. 8 Catkins wind-dispersed pollen Aspen seeds float on the wind There are 35 species of Populus in north temperate regions. Aspens grow further north than any other tree in Scotland and are found growing on cliffs in Shetland where even sheep cannot forage. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 129cm Girth in 2012 - 155cm (measured at 1.5m above ground) Increase - 26cm in 8 years In north America the species Populus tremuloides is a pioneer which colonises quickly after forest fires. The copious, wind-blown, fluffy seed is only viable for a few days. The timber is used for matches and charcoal. Native aspens can be seen by the pond. (See Scottish Native Trees, published by the Garden.) 9 This tree is easily accessed from the grass path opposite the native Elm Tree. See map position 2 3 LIEMPDE WILLOW Salix alba 'Liempde' Willow FAMILY Salicaceae. Native to Netherlands SCOTTISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 19m and GIRTH 132cm (2012) Lanceolate leaves (spear-shaped) Spot rough bark Once used to make aspirin British Champion Hillier Garden Hampshire 31m 336cm girth 2008 Catkins Liempde is commonly planted in the Netherlands. The name comes from a village where the economy was based on making clogs. It is a popular variety due to its resistance to willow-mark disease - a bacterial disease spread by birds which makes wood too soft for anything except firewood. This tree came as a cutting from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1970. 10 Seeds Salix alba Liempde is a male cultivar of White Willow with a vertical stem and straight, vertical side branches. It can reach a height of 25 m. It develops a fairly narrow pyramidal crown. The dark green leaves appear at the same time as the yellow catkins. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 116cm Girth in 2012 -132cm (measured at 1.5m above ground) Increase - 16cm in 8 years The trunk has deep, corky grooves and the twigs are very bendable. This tree grows in a group of other willows in the Birch and Willow Grove. The lanceolate leaves have silvery hairs and are somewhat larger than other White Willows. See map position 3 11 PAPER BIRCH - Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia 4 MOUNTAIN Birch Family Betulaceae. Native to eastern USA and Canada BRITISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 12m and GIRTH 78cm (2012) This is the tallest and stoutest Mountain Paper Birch in Britain. Deer browse on the It survives at higher elevations than Common Paper Birch. Papyrifera means ‘paper bearing’, while the variety cordifolia refers to the heart-shaped leaves. SPOT siskins eating seeds Native Americans, especially the Chippewa of the Great Lakes, used the inner bark for picture-writing scrolls. This plant came as seed from the Belmonte Arboretum, Wageningen in Holland in 1961. 12 catkins and buds Birches, alder, hazel and hornbeam all belong to the birch family Betulaceae. There are 35 species of birch in north temperate regions, many at the upper tree limit. Mountain Paper Birch is rare in cultivation. Paper Birch is more widely planted. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 75cm Girth in 2012 - 85cm (measured at 1.5m above ground) Increase - 10cm in 8 years The wood makes good firewood; it burns when wet. Also used for furniture and lollipop sticks. The trunk can be tapped in the spring for sap from which syrup, wine, beer, or medicinal tonics can be made. The handsome foliage and showy white bark make the trees attractive for landscaping. 13 This tree grows surrounded by other species of birch in the Birch and Willow Grove. See map position 4 5 CAUCASIAN LIME - Tilia dasystyla Mallow Family Malvaceae. Native to Caucasian Mountains and Russia SCOTTISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 13m and GIRTH 190cm (2012) British Champion Westonbirt 21m tall, 245cm girth. Large deciduous tree reaching 40m. Can live over 2000 years. The name dasystyla means ‘hairy styles’ (the tube pollen travels through to make seed in ovary) SPOT an eye Lime Flowers are a relaxant and used medicinally in herbal tea. Aphids are attracted to the rich supply of sap which in turn attracts ants to ‘farm’ them. This tree came from Hillier Garden Hampshire in 1966. 14 Bees love the fragrant, nectar-rich flowers. It makes aromatic honey. Seeds Caucasia is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black and the Caspian sea. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus. GR0WTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 154cm Girth in 2012 -190cm (measured at 0.7m below fork) Increase - 36cm in 8 years Lime timber is easy to carve and was used for shields by the Vikings and for altar pieces and sculpture throughout Europe from the Middle Ages onwards. The wood has good acoustic qualities. Used for electric guitars, wind instruments and drum cases. Fibre from the inner bark can be woven into clothing. Used for window-blinds and shutters as it is lightweight and strong. 15 This tree is easily accessed from the main path to the pond, on the edge of the Birch and Willow Grove by a Sweet Chestnut Tree. See map position 5 6 JACQUEMONT’S BIRCH - Betula utilis var. jacquemontii Birch Family Betulaceae. Found in Himalayas up to 4500m , India FIFE (COUNTY) CHAMPION FOR HEIGHT 20m and GIRTH 97cm (2012) The largest of its type in Fife. British Champion Batsford Arboretum, Gloucestershire girth 298cm. Named after 19th C French Botanist Victor Jacquemont who worked in India and died of Cholera in Bombay aged 31. SPOT lenticels breathing-pores in bark Utilis means ‘useful’. It has been used as paper since the 3rd C. Sacred mantras are still written on bark and worn in amulets for blessings and protection. This tree came from University of Washington Arboretum, Seattle in 1963. 16 Sanskrit writing on bark In its native Himalaya it grows amongst conifers, with an under-storey of shrubs such as Rhododendrons. These trees depends on snowmelt for water, rather than rain. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 94cm Girth in 2012 - 97cm (measured at 1.5m above ground) Increase - 3cm in 8 years The growth rate is lower than expected. It is possible there was an error in 2004 measurement OR that a different tree was measured. They often have bent growth due to the pressure of the deep winter snow in the mountains. Himalayan Indians call this tree Bhojpatra. The tree is endangered by over-use mainly for firewood. A high altitude nursery was established in 1993 in the Gangotri National Park near the source of the sacred Ganges river. By 2000 over 12,500 saplings had been planted. 17 This tree is easily accessed from the main path to the pond, on the left , growing opposite the Caucasian Lime. The ‘A’ on the label means it is the first of more than one planted. The others will show B, C etc See map position 6 7 N Korea KOREAN WHITEBEAM Sorbus alnifolia var. submollis S Korea Rose Family Rosaceae. Native to Korea, China and Japan. SCOTTISH CHAMPION for GIRTH only, 93cm (height 10m) 2012 Insects pollinate the flowers in May British Champion Westonbirt, Gloucestershire 12m tall. Birds eat the red berries A medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20 m tall in shady mountain forests of stone pine at elevations of 500 - 2400 m. SPOT nest-like hollow The seeds contain hydrogen cyanide which is poisonous in large quantities. The wood is even-grained and can be used for furniture. This tree came from Hillier Gardens Hampshire in 1966. 18 The timber was used for making rulers in Russia Bark This tree, like our native Rowan, is a type of Mountain Ash of which there are 193 species. All are small, deciduous trees native to cool-temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of species occurs in the mountains of west China and Himalaya. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 82cm Girth in 2012 -96cm (measured at 0.7m below fork) Increase - 14cm in 8 years Alnifolia mean ‘alder-leafed’ the leaves resemble those of alder (see no. 10 Oregon Alder). Submollis means ‘soft-hairs below’ describing the underside of leaves. This particular tree is highly branched and overshadowed by the large Roble Beech, causing it to grow at an angle towards the light. 19 This tree is easily accessed from a side path to the right of Tree 6. It grows in the shadow of a Roble Beech from Chile which can grow to 50m! See map position 7 8 MONGOLIAN PINE Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Pine Family Pinaceae. Native to Mongolia, S Siberia and NW China SCOTTISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT 11m and GIRTH 67cm (2012) windNeedles in pairs pollinated cones SPOT cones & needles British Champion Girth 99cm 2009 Thenford House, Northamptonshire British Champion Height 13m 2010 Kew Gardens Mongolian Pine is a variety of Scots Pine with shorter needles than our native tree. Scots Pine has the greatest range of any tree in the world. Squirrels and birds feed on the seeds It grows from the Arctic Circle in found inside the bracts of the cones Scandinavia to south Spain and from west Scotland to east Siberia. It grows from sea level to 2,400 m. An evergreen tree, the needles grow in pairs and stay on the tree for 2 or 3 years. This tree was planted from wildcollected seed from China in 1981. 20 Bark seeds Scots Pine is an important forestry tree used for pulp, timber and construction. Introduced to USA in 1600’s, now invasive. Tar, resin and turpentine can be extracted from the wood. It was the most popular Christmas tree until 1980s when ousted by Sitka Spruce, Douglas-fir & others. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 50cm Girth in 2012 - 67cm (measured 1.5m above ground) Increase - 17cm in 8 years Drops of sticky resin often cover the tree's buds and also provide a natural preservative for the wood. The high resin content makes the wood very slow to decay. For this reason it has been used for telegraph poles in Britain and abroad. If a Scots Pine dies standing, the skeleton can persist for up to 100 years before falling down. 21 This tree grows on the edge of the Friendly Wood beside an Australian Eucalyptus tree. See map position 8 9 LIKIANG SPRUCE - Picea likiangensis Pine Family Pinaceae. Native to the Likiang region, SW China COUNTY CHAMPION for HEIGHT 17m and GIRTH 142cm (2012) Single NEEDLES grow in whorls around twigs SPOT a pigeon nest British Champion Dawyck Botanic Garden 20m tall 166cm girth (2005) Look for cones at the The name likiangensis means ‘Likiang-born’ from Likiang in South-West China. Spruce cones are long and smooth compared to the pine cones. Trees grow above 3,300m. Now endangered by over-felling, fires, earthquakes and climate change. This specimen came from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh in 1964. 22 tree top or on the ground Resin protects the tree from disease Discovered by a French missionary in 1884. Likiang Spruce is native to the mountains of west Sechuan, China. The maximum height is listed as 20m. This one only has 3m to go to match this. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 126cm Girth in 2012 - 142cm (measured 1.5m above ground) Increase - 16cm in 8 years The British Champion at Dawyck Botanic Garden has already attained this height. Likiang Spuce are variable trees with several forms. We are currently awaiting confirmation from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh of whether this tree is a montigena OR balfouriana variety. 23 This tree is easily accessed from the lawn by the pond growing with other conifers. See map position 9 10 OREGON ALDER - Alnus rubra Birch Family Betulaceae. West USA from California to S.W Alaska FIFE CHAMPION for HEIGHT 19m and GIRTH 181cm (2012) Britain Champion Penglais , Wales 32m tall and 238cm girth (2002). Rubra means ‘red’. The red inner bark was used as a dye and medicine for insect bites by Native American Indians. SPOT bushy Look for …. lichens Siskins eating seeds Indicators of good air quality In spring dangling red male catkins and erect female catkins appear. They are wind-pollinated and ripen to cone-like fruits in September. Used in building canals as alder does not rot in water. Alder is short-lived. It does not compete well in shady woodland so dies out as other trees colonise. This tree came as a sapling from Plus Trees Nursery, Auchterarder in 1978. 24 Cone-like fruit. Seeds are eaten by siskins and red poll This is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, growing to 35 m tall. It is a fast-growing, wind-resistant tree, and is used for shelterbelts. GROWTH RATE CHECK Girth in 2004 - 173cm Girth in 2012 - 181cm (measured 1.5m above ground) Increase - 8cm in 8 years It is usually always found within 200km of the Pacific Coast except in one small pocket in Idaho. In its native Oregon, deer and elk browse on the leaf buds in the spring and the twigs in winter while beavers eat the bark all year around. 25 This tree is easily accessed from the path around the pond. It grows beside its slightly smaller twin which planted a the same time. See map position 10 11 MUSK WILLOW - Salix aegyptiaca Willow Family Salicaceae. Native to Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, Iran BRITISH CHAMPION for HEIGHT only, 14m (girths 99, 101, 80 cm) 2012 Champion Girth 134cm Wisley. Musk refers to the sweet smell of catkins; the name aegyptiaca suggests the tree grows in Egypt. Male catkins were made into a drink, or sugared and eaten. Also used to perfume for linen. Spot the moss Spot the … This is a male tree. White catkins appear in January maturing to yellow pollen-covered catkins. Female trees have greenish-white catkins which produce seeds. Rd lichen Moss needs more moisture This tree came from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1970. to grow than lichen. 26 Male Catkins Willows grow worldwide but mainly in northern temperate regions. Cultivation of Musk Willow extended from Egypt to Kashmir and central Asia. GROWTH RATE CHECK (OLD CHAMPION) Girth in 2004 - 75cm Girth in 2012 - 80cm (measured 1.5m above ground) Increase - 5cm in 8 years Introduced to Austria in 1874 by the Shah of Persia’s physician, and from there to Britain. This is one of two trees planted in 1970 and has just surpassed its sibling in height. The deposed champion is in the Birch/Willow Grove where it grows at a considerable slant. Tree height is measured from the ground to tree top, rather than ltrunk length so the more upright 3-stemmed specimen is the British Champion. 27 This tree is easily accessed from the grass path in the Order Beds. It is three-stemmed with a weeping habit. See map position 11 MIYABE MAPLE - Acer miyabei 12 Maple Family Aceraceae. Native to Japan SCOTTISH CHAMPION for GIRTH 154cm (Height 13m) 2012 British Champion Tatton Park Cheshire 14m tall, 185cm girth (2009). The thick foliage makes this a good shade tree. The 5-lobed leaves turn gold in autumn. Spot Seeds are called a ‘samara’. They spin like a helicopter blade when falling from the tree helping seed dispersal. An endangered species confined to scattered locations by streams and rivers in Japan. heart-shape This tree came from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1964. 28 Clusters of yellow-green flowers in spring Winged seeds GROWTH RATE CHECK (OLD CHAMPION) Girth in 2004 - 141cm Girth in 2012 - 154cm (measured 1.2m above ground) Increase - 13cm in 8 years This delightful tree beautifully illustrates the importance of trees for biodiversity. The birdbox in the branches offers a home to nesting blue-tits. The leaves feed numerous invertebrates, which provide food for birds and other animals. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinators. The seeds provide food for birds and small mammals in autumn. The wood itself plays host to Lichens, mosses and fungi. See jelly ear fungus in scar. Like epiphytes of a tropical rainforest, even other plant species grow in the crook of the branches. The seeds will have been deposited by perching birds. (See holly above.) 29 This tree is easily accessed from the main path opposite the Glass Houses. It grows at the front of the border. See map position 12 Additional Champion Trees in the Garden The twelve trees in our trail are a SELECTION of our champions which grow in accessible locations. There are actually six British Champions, twenty-two Scottish Champions and fifty County or Fife Champions. Details of these trees can be viewed by members at the Tree Register website or found in the book Champion Trees of Britain and Ireland—The Tree Register Handbook by Owen Johnson, foreword HRH Prince of Wales, 2011, available from the Tree Register website or Kew books. This is an ever-changing league table however, as trees in other sites may overtake these ones in growth, they may die from disease, or gales such as we have experienced in the winter of 2011/2012 wreak havoc amongst trees. St Andrews Botanic Garden has not lost any champion trees in the recent gales probably because they are quite small in stature and the relative shelter of the site. Instead many of the tall shelter belt conifers have toppled or limbs of larger trees have been lost. Total British - 6 champions Additional to guide Cercidiphyllum magnificum Diostea juncea Total Scottish - 22 champions Additional to guide Frangula alnus (oldest tree in the Garden; over 100 years old from the original University Garden) Sorbus semi-incisa Total County - 50 champions Additional to guide Abies numidica Abies veitchii 30 Websites and Further Information St Andrews Botanic Garden Tree Trails The Champion Tree Trail guidebook is available to download from www.st-andrews-botanic.org. There is also a Native Tree Trail at the Garden. The Scottish Native Trees guidebook is available from the Gatehouse (April to September) or by contacting the Education Officer. The ‘Wood is Good’ Trail for children looks at the uses of different timber, is open April to September and Friendly Wood Trail is open all year around. Children’s activity backpacks are available to borrow from April to September from the Gatehouse. Education Officer St Andrews Botanic Garden [email protected] For further information visit Tree Register website at www.treeregister.org. There is a members-only area to access the tree database however there is a wealth of information on tree measuring and other champions trees available to all. Visit the Woodland Trust website at www.woodlandtrust.org.uk for information on woodland throughout Britain and www.ancienttreehunt.org.uk for information on Ancient Trees and where to find them. Members receive a quarterly magazine. The Woodlands Trust’s Nature Detectives Website www.naturedetectives.org.uk has lots of ideas and activities for children. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh - Includes a selection of champion trees - www.rbge.org.uk Dundee Botanic Garden - Includes a selection of champion trees - www.dundee.ac.uk/botanic/ 31 Acknowledgements - Many thanks to everyone This trail and booklet could not have been compiled without assistance from the following people: Louise Trowe David Laing Davie Dunn Peter Watson Fife Creative Learning Network Garden Supervisor St Andrews Botanic Garden Gardener St Andrews Botanic Garden Gardener St Andrews Botanic Garden Funding for the project Tree measuring and data, labels, posts Installing information posts Installing information posts Bob Mitchell Nikki Macdonald Ian Douglas Anne Lightwood Edith Cormack Les Hunter John Wilson Alex Davidson Pam Robertson Pam Brunt Honorary Curator St Andrews Botanic Garden Education Trust, Education Officer Friend of the Botanic Garden, Tree Measurer Friend of Botanic Garden Friend of Botanic Garden Friend of Botanic Garden Education Trust Secretary Education Trust Tutor Education Trust Tutor Education Trust Volunteer Botanical text, photographs and advice Text and photographs Tree heights and advice Interpretation Design and editing Botanical advice and editing Sign posts Publications, editing etc Advice on trail content Advice on trail content Post painting Dr Owen Johnson David Alderman Judy Dowling Tree Register, Registrar Tree Register, Director Tree Register, Verifier Verification and advice Verification and advice Tree measuring, advice Supported by …Fife Creative Learning Network & the Friends of the Botanic Garden Text by St Andrews Botanic Garden Education Trust 2012 [email protected] 32 Your Notes 33 34 35 Champion Tree Trail Images Cover Photograph - David Alderman and Judy Dowling measuring the Jacquemont Birch David Alderman, David Laing, Ian Douglas, Judy Dowling, Nikki Macdonald verifying tree data for the Tree Register Champion Tree Trail posts being put in by Peter Watson, John Wilson, Davie Dunn and Nikki Macdonald Pupils from Canongate Primary School on the Champion Tree Trail with Nikki Macdonald Text, Photographs/Illustrations by Nikki Macdonald and Bob Mitchell © Copyright 2012 St Andrews Botanic Garden Education Trust St Andrews Botanic Garden Education Trust Charity No SCO 36705 Registered office: c/o Murray Donald Drummond Cook LLP Kinburn Castle St Andrews KY16 9DR Supported by …Fife Creative Learning Network, Friends of the Botanic Garden and Tree Register of the British Isles (TROBI. Compiled by St Andrews Botanic Garden Education Trust 36