Download How to describe an angiosperm flower

How to describe an
angiosperm flower
Dr MAHESH P.U
Dept of Dravya guna
Govt ayurveda college
Tripunithura
Flower
The most colour full part
of a plant
Consist of
Calyx
Corolla
Andrecioum
Gynocioum
FLOWER AMATOMY

Description in general
1,Pedicellate or sessile
2,Bracteate or Ebracteate
3,Actinomorphic or Zygomorphic
4,Unisexual or Bisexual
5,Complete or Incomplete
6,Regular or irregular
7,Hypogynous or Perigynous or Epigynous
8,Colour of flowers
1,Pedicellate or sessile

Pedicellate
Pedicel-stalk of flower
eg. Mustard
Cont..
Sessile
without pedicel
Eg.Achyranthes
2, Bracteate or Ebracteate
Bracteate
Having bract
(modified leaf in whose
axil flower arise)
Eg. Adathoda
vesica
Cont..
Ebracteate

With out bract
eg. solanum
3,Actinomorphic or Zygomorphic
 Actinomorphic
(Regular)
 Radialy symetrical
can devide into two
equal halves along
more than one
longitudnal plane
eg. Vinca rosae
Cont..
Zygomorphic
( irregular)
Bilateraly symetrical
one plane of symmetry
Eg. Pisum sativum
4,Uni or bi sexual
 Unisexual
Only male or female
Reproductive organ in a
flower
eg. morus
Cont..
 Bisexual
 Both male & female
Rep.organs in same
eg. Brassica
5,Complete or incomplete
Complete
Present all 4 whorls
Calyx,corolla androecium
gynocieum
eg. Hibiscus
Cont..
 Incomplete
 Flower lacking
any one four
of whorls
eg. Luffa
6,Hypo, Peri ,Epi Gynous
 Hypogynous
 Other whorls below
gynoecium ovary
superior
Eg. Solanum
Cont…
Perigynous
sepals,petals,stamens
round gynoecium
ovary half superior
eg. Prunus(apple)
Cont…
 Epigynous
all whorls joined to ovary ,
inferior ovary
Eg.Coriandrum
7, Acyclic or Cyclic
Acyclic
flowers with floral
leaves arranged
in spiral
Eg.Ranunculus
Cont..
 Cyclic
Parts of flower
arranged in whorls
eg.solanum
8, Colour
Calyx
Outer whorl of flower
(sepals)
Unit - Sepal
Calyx
1, Number of sepals
2, Polysepalous or Gamosepalous
If polysepalous- Nature and form
Cruciform
2,Poly or Gamo sepalous
Polysepalous
Free distinct sepals
eg. mustard
Cont..
 Gamosepalous
with united sepals
eg. Pea,hibiscus
3, Aestivation
Aestivation- mode of sepal
arrangrment in flower
bud
a, Valvate
Sepals united not overlap
at edges
eg.solanum
Cont…
Induplicate
Sepals folded
inward
eg. Ipomea
Cont..
Convolute
one sepal over lap
another with one margin
Cont..
Imbricate
sepals overlap
each other one
sepal completely
internal one
completely
external .
Cont..
Quincuncial
arrangement of 5 sepals
two exterior
two interior
4.Caducous or persistant
Caducous
Sepals fall of early
Eg.pepaver
Cont..
Persistant
remain attached
till matuaration
eg . solanum
5.Petaloid
Petaloid sepals
Sepals enlarged like
petals
Eg.mussanda
Corolla
Whorl of petals
1.No. of petals
with colour
2.Poly or Gamo petalous
 Polypetalous
 With free petals
eg.Brassica, Rose
Polypetalous
A, cruciform
Four free petals arranged
in cross.
Each petals differentiated
In to a curve(Claw)
and limb
Eg.Brassica
Polypetalous
 B, Caryophyllaceous
Five free petals
with curve(claw)
limb at right angle to the
claw
Eg.Dianthus
Polypetalous
 C, Rosaceous
five or more petals
No distinguish limp &
Calw
Eg. Rose
Gamopetalous
Gamopetalous
United petals
Eg,Ipomea
Gamopetalous
a, Campanulate
Bell shaped fused petals
Eg.Cuscuta
Gamopetalous
B,infundibuliform
Funnel shaped
fused corolla
eg.ipomea
Gamopetalous
c,Hypor crateriform
Fused corolla with
limb - long tube
Gamopetalous
D, Rotate
wheel (disc) shaped
fused corolla
Eg.solanum
Gamopetalous
E, Papilionaceous
Butterfly like, zygomorphic
Corolla – 1 large
standerd,2 lateral wings,
2 inner small keel
Eg.Pisum sativum
Gamopetalous
F, Bilabiate
Two lipped,
zygomorphic
fused corolla
Eg.ocimum, Antirrhinum
Gamopetalous
G, Tubular
tube like fused petals
eg. helianthus
Aestivation
arrangement of
corolla in bud
A, Valvate
Corolla touch
each other at
margins not
overlap
Aestivation
B, valvate induplicate
Valvate –margins
of petal folded inward
Aestivation
c, Twisted
(convolute)
One margin overlap
other
Aestivation
D, imbricate
One petal completely
out side
One completely inside
One margin in for 3
Aestivation
E, Quincuncial
5 petals
2 exterior,
2 interior,1 one margin
exterior other interior
Aestivation
F, vexillary
5 petals
Posterior largest
Two lateral petals
two small anterior
petals(keels)
Spl features
a, SPUR
Sac like projection of
Petal
Eg viola,tropaeolum
Spl feature
B, nectary
nectar secreating
glands in petals
eg.salvia
Spl feature
c, Corona
Appendages in between
Corolla and stamens or on
corolla
Eg. Calotropis
Cont…
d,sepaloid petal
Petals like sepals
Androecium
collective term for
all stamens &
staminoides
Stamen- bear pollen
1, No.of stemens
1-10 or indefinite
With colour of anther
2,Polyandrous or adelphous
Polyandrous
Free stamens
Eg. peppaver
Polyandrous
a, Didynamous
Four stamens in two
pairs one pair shorter
than the other
Eg. ocimum
Polyandrous
b, Tetradynamous
Four long and
two short stamens
eg.brassica
Polyandrous
obdiplostemonous
stamens in two alternating
whorls outer whorl opp
to petals
eg. murraya
Adelphous
AdelphousUnited stamens
A, Monadelphous
united in one
bundle by filaments
Eg.Hibiscus
Adelphous
 B, Diadelphous
stamens arranged
in two bundles
eg. pappilonaceae
Adelphous
C, Polyadelphous
Stamens united
in many bundles
eg. Citrus
3,Syngenesious, epipetalous
Gynandrous or synandrous
syngenesious
anther cohering
in a ring
eg.Helianthus
Cont..
Epipetalous
Stamens born on
Corolla (petals)
Eg.ipomea,
convolvulus
Cont..
Gynandrous
stamen adhering
to carpels
(which bear ovules)
eg.calotropis
Cont…
Synandrous
Stamens fuse to
From one
Eg cuccurbita, colacasia
4,Filaments
A, long filament
B,short filament
C,Flat filament
5,Fixation of anthers
a, Basifixed
Anther Fixed to filament
at base
eg.Brassica,pepaver
Cont..
B,Dorsifixed
Filament attached
to dorsal side of anther
eg.Bauhinia
Cont…
c,Versetile
anther can move
in any way
eg. graminae
Cont…
D, Adenate
Fusion of anther
and filaments
eg. Michelia champaka
5,Anthers. Mono or di
Monothecous
Single celled (lobe) anther
eg. hibiscus
Cont…
Dithecous
two celled(lobe)
anther
eg. pepaver
6,Dehisence of anther
a,introse
anther facing inwards
eg.solanum, hibiscus
Cont..
b,Extrose
anther facing out ward
from center of flower
eg. argimome
Cont..
C,Inserted
Stamens shorter
than the corolla tube
Eg.ixora, mussanda
Cont…
 D, Exerted
Stamens projecting
beyond petals
eg. Passion flower
Staminode
Staminode
Stamen which do not
Bear fertile pollen
Eg.stellaria
Gynoecium
ovary
ovule
style
stigma
Ovule-minute body in
ovary which after
fertilization-- seed
1,Apo or syn carpous
Apocarpous
Carpels free from each
other
eg.nigella,ranunculus
Cont…
Syncarpous
carpels united
compound ovary
eg. citrus
2,Ovary position
Superior ovary
Ovary above
Calyx corolla .ect
eg.brassica
Cont..
 Inferior ovary
Ovary below
calyx corolla ect
Eg. coriandrum
Cont …
semi inferior
Ovary in intermediate
position
Eg. pea
3,Carpels number
with ovule number
bicarpellary
Eg. brassica
Cont…
Tricarpellery
eg.lilliaceae
Cont…
Tetracarpellary
eg. Dathura
Pentacarpellery
Eg melia
Cont…
Poly carpellery
pepaver ,lotous
4 Nature of style
a,short style
B long style
C, Divided style
Cont…
D, Terminal style
style lying in same line
with ovary
Eg hibiscus
E, gynobasic style
style arises from
depression in center of
ovary
Eg. Ocimum,salvia
5,Nature of stigma
A, Simple
B, Capitate
Cont..
C, divided
Stigma divided into
lobes
Cont…
d, Feathery
Eg.gramenae
Cont…
E, Bearded
like beard
COnt..
F, Curved
PLACENTATION
arrangement of
ovules in syncarpous
ovary
A,Parietal
Carpels fused to one
ovules attach at int
Margin of ovary
Eg. Brassica,argimone
Cont…
B, Axile- carpels fuse
together in center of
ovary to from single
central placenta
Eg. Hibiscus
Cont…
C, free centralPlacenta as central up
growth from ovary base
eg Stellaria
Cont…
D, Marginal –
placenta devolope
at junction of two
carpels
Eg, Pea
Cont..
 E, basal-
ovules at
base of ovary
ovules solitery filling
the cavity
eg.Compositae
Cont…
F.superficialCarpels numerous
placentae devolope all
round
the innerpartition wall
ovary multilocular
Eg.Nymphae
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