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Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction What is weather forecasting? • _________ __________ is the analysis of scientific data to ________ future weather conditions. • Checking the _________ forecast helps determine what the weather is and how it might _________. What elements of weather are forecast? • The study of weather and Earth’s atmosphere is called ____________. • Scientists who study meteorology are called _______________. • They observe ______ elements of weather: air temperature, ________, wind ________, wind _______, clouds, precipitation, atmospheric ________, and ___________. 1 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction The Hurricane Hunters • The Hurricane Hunters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fly into the ______ of tropical storms and hurricanes. • Their planes are equipped to collect data with special instruments such as _____ and __________. • Hurricane Hunters also launch a small instrument package called a ___________ to measure temperature, _________, wind speed, and ____ ________. How are weather data collected? • Meteorologists gather data using advanced technologies at ground stations and in _________, __________, and _____________. 2 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction • Land-based ground stations, called _______ ___________ ______, collect weather data from the lower atmosphere _____ hours a day. • Many stations are located near _______ and transmit computer-generated voice observations to ________ regularly. • _________ _______ is useful for finding the location, movement, and intensity of storms. Radar works by bouncing _______ waves off precipitation. • The stronger the returning signal, the heavier the ____________ is. The longer it takes for the signal to return, the farther _________ the precipitation is. • ________ _______ is important for detecting and tracking severe storms and tornados. 3 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction • _________ can carry a variety of weather-sensing instruments and collect data in places far from _______ _______, such as over oceans. • Weather balloons carry a small instrument package called a ___________. • Radiosondes measure atmospheric _________, air __________, humidity, and wind speed and ________, up to about 32 km. • Orbiting _________ _______ provide data on water vapor, cloud-top temperatures, and the movement of weather systems. • _____________ weather satellites monitor Earth from a fixed position thousands of kilometers above Earth. • ________ _________ satellites circle Earth and provide global information from 4 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction hundreds of kilometers above Earth’s surface. What kinds of symbols and maps are used to analyze the weather? • A _______ ________ is a set of meteorological symbols that represent the weather at a particular observing station. • A station model is a small circle surrounded by a set of ________ and _________ that represent current weather data at a specific site. • Placing many station models on a map makes it possible to see _______ weather patterns, such as ________. • Meteorologists commonly use ______ weather maps to show ________. The map displays air pressure and the locations of fronts. 5 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction • Air pressure is shown by using _________, which are lines that connect points of equal air pressure, marked in units called __________. • _______ ________ are shown using blue lines and blue triangles. _______ _________ are shown using red lines and red half-circles. • Another type of weather map used to analyze weather is the ________-air chart, based on data collected by weather balloons. • ________-air charts show wind and air pressure at middle and upper levels of Earth’s atmosphere. • Information from these charts indicates if and where weather systems will form, and if they will ________, remain stationary, or fall _______. 6 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction What are some types of weather forecasts? • ________ ________ weather forecasts make predictions 0 to 3 days into the future. _________ __________ forecasts predict conditions 3 to 7 days into the future. • Temperature, wind, cloud cover, and precipitation are ___________ with different degrees of accuracy. • Weather forecasting is an _________science. Many _________ affect weather, all of which are changing constantly. • ______ _________ forecasts can range from weeks to months into the future. • Using sea surface temperatures and highlevel winds, forecasters can make general __________ about the future. 7 Unit 5 Lesson 5 Weather Maps and Weather Prediction • They can predict if the weather will be warmer or colder or wetter or drier than average, but not the ___________ or ________ on a particular day. • Hazardous weather forecasts include _______ _________, ________ _________, and weather __________. • A __________ _______ is issued when the expected weather conditions will not be a serious hazard but may cause inconvenience. • A _________ _________ is issued when severe weather conditions are possible over a large area. People should have a plan of action in case of a storm. • A __________ __________ is issued when weather conditions that pose a threat to life and property are happening or are about to happen. 8