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Biology 3B - Lab Practical #1 Prokaryotes and water quality: o Be able to distinguish between 3 basic morphologies: bacillus, coccus and spirillum. Be able to distinguish if the morphologies are strepto- or staphyloo Be able to interpret the Presumptive test. What’ constitutes a positive result? Be able to determine the most probable number if given the chart Be able to identify Escherichia coli from the EMB plate Fungi o Be able to identify hyphae, mycelium, sporangium, sporangiophores, conidia, conidiaphores, spores o Be able to determine when a fungi cell is haploid, diploid or heterokaryotic (dikaryotic) o Zygomycetes – be able to identify and know the functions of the following: Rhizoids, hyphae, sporangiophore, sporangium, gametatangia, zygospore, zygosporangium o Ascomycetes - be able to identify and know the functions of the following: Ascocarp, ascus (asci), ascosportes, apothecium, perithecium, cleistothecium, conidiospore, conidia Claviceps – ascocarp, perithecium, ascus (asci), ascospores Peziza slide– ascocarp, apothecium, ascus, ascospores Penicillum (live & slide) – Genus name, conidiophore, conidia, mycelium, spores, economic value Aspergillus (live & slide)– Genus name, conidiophore, conidia, mycelium, spores, economic value Saccharomyces – know the species and economic value o Basidiomycetes - be able to identify and know the functions of the following Fresh mushroom - basidiocarp, pileus, stipe, gills, annulus, basidium, basidiospores Coprinus slide – basidiocarp, pileus, stipe, gills, basidium, basidiospores Puccinia slide – aecia, aceiospores, uredia, urediospores, telia, teliospores, know the season and type of plant associated with each o Deuteromycetes – Candida albicans slide – know where to find, economic importance o Lichens – be able to differentiate between crustose, foliose and fruticose lichen morphologies, symbiotic relationship between which to organisms? Protists – 4 supergroups o NOTE: marine brown, red & green algae will be studied at the tidepools (not on practical #1) o Be able to ID, know structures & functions, where found, any economic importance, diseases if any, o Excavata: Euglena (live & slide): genus, nucleus, eyespot, flagellum Trypanosoma (slide): genus, diseases caused, location, vector o “SAR” – Stramenopiles Diatoms slide – ID to common name, where found, test compisition o “SAR” – Alveolates Dinoflagellate (Ceratium slide) – ID to common name, flagellar groove, flagella Paramecium, Blepharisma & Stentor(live & slides) – ID to genus, cilia, macronucleus, micronuclei, vacuoles o “SAR” – Rhizarians Radiolarians & foraminiferan slides: ID to common name, test composition o Archeoplastida: Volvox (live & slide): ID to genus, daughter colonies o Unikonta: o o Amoeba (live & slide): ID to genus, vacuoles, pseudopodia, nucleus, plasmalemma (membrane) Invertebrates I (taxonomy, structure & functions, some genera) Ph. Porifera Scypha/Grantia slides: ostia, spongocoel, osculum, choanocytes, amoebocytes, spicules, Look at the live species (formerly living) Ph. Cnidaria Cl. Hydrozoa: polyp & medusa stages o Hydra slide – oral, aboral, gastrovascular cavity, ectoderm, endoderm (gastrodermis), tentacles, cnidocytes, nematocysts o Gonionemus (jar specimen) – exumbrella, subumbrella, velum, manubrium, ring & radial canals, tentacles, statocysts, gonads Cl. Scyhozoa o Aurelia specimen - exumbrella, subumbrella, ring & radial canals, tentacles, statocysts, gonads Cl. Anthozoa o Know representative members: sea anemone & corals, symbiotic relationships? Dissection: oral disc, mouth, tentacles, pedal disc, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity Ph. Platyhelminthes (flatworm lifestyle: free-living or parasitic) Cl. Turbellaria o Dugesia (slide): ID, common name, eye spots, pharynx, mouth, intestines, lifestyle Cl. Trematoda o Clonorchis slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired o Fasciola slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired o Schistosoma slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired, gynecophoric canal Cl. Cestoda o Tapeworms: ID to common name, scolex, proglottids, how acquired Ph. Mollusca Foot, mantle, visceral mass, shell, radula Cl. Polyplacophora o Chiton: common name, where found, lifestyle, foot, mantle, mouth, dorsal plates Cl. Gastropoda o common name, where found, lifestyle, foot Cl. Bivalvia o Know common and representatives o Clam anatomy/dissection: umbo, anterior/posterior, adductor muscles (scars on shell), pallial line, mantle, nacreous, foot, labial palps, intestines, gonads, gills, heart location, Cl. Cephalopoda o Squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus – examples Squid dissection: 8 arms with suckers, two tentacles with suckers, mantle, lateral fins, eyes, siphon, systemic heart, 2 brachial hearts, gills, pen, beak Invertebrate II Ph. Annelida (know some representatives, structure & function) Cl. Polychaeta o Common name, ID head, jaws, tentacles, parapodium (function), setae, found Cl. Oligochaeta o Common name, ID clitellum, anterior/posterior, lifestyle, found Cl. Hirundinea o Common name, lifestyle, oral & posterior suckers Ph. Nematoda (ID to genus, how infected, location, etc.) Ascaris – differentiate between males and females Trichinella Necator Enterobius Ph. Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita o ID common, head, thorax, abdomen Subphylum Cherlicerata (chelicerae, pedipalps & 4 prs walking legs, cephalothorax & abdomen) o Cl. Merostomata: horseshoe crab ID common name, where found, carapace, simple eyes, compound eyes, telson, chelicerae, pedipalps, walking legs, genital operculum, book gills, o Cl. Pycnogonida – sea spiders o Cl. Arachnida – spiders, ticks/mites, scorpions, harvestmen ID to common name, chelicerae, pedipalps, walking legs Spiders: spinnerettes Scorpion: stinger, Tick/mites Subphylum Crustacea o Cl. Branchiopoda – water fleas plus others o Cl. Maxillopoda – copepods & barnacles (tidepools) Common name for various barnacles (acron, gooseneck, buckshot, etc.) o Cl. Malacostraca – isopods/pill bugs, krill, crabs/shrimp/lobster/crayfish/ etc (tidepools) Crayfish: ID antennules, antennae, mandible, cheliped, swimmerets, uropod, telson, Subphylum Uniramia o Cl. Chilopoda – centipedes (common name, lifestyle, 1 pr of legs/body segment) o Cl. Diplopoda – millipedes (common name, lifestyle, 2 prs of legs/body segment) o Cl. Insecta Be able to ID head (antennae, compound eyes, ocelli), thorax (wings (elytra), legs, abdomen (ovipositor, tympanum, spiracles) on a variety of insects Mouth parts: chewing, sponging/lapping, siphoning, piercing/sucking Ph. Onyhophora: velvet worms: common name & lifestyle Ph. Echinodermata (will cover at tidepools) Cl. Asteroidea – sea stars o Common name, oral/aboral surfaces, central disk, arms, eyespot, spines, pedicellariae, madreporite, ambulacral grooves, tube feet Cl. Ophiuroidea – brittle/basket stars o Common name, madreporite, Cl. Echinoidea – sea urchins, sand dollars o Common name, madreporite, ambulacral groove, spine tubercle, tube feet, Aristotle’s lantern Cl. Holothuroidea – sea cucumbers: common name Cl. Crinoidea – sea lilies, feather stars: common name