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Name: ___________________________________________ Period ______________ Date: ________________ VERTEBRATE SCAVENGER HUNT (pages 374-436) Kingdom ____________________ Phylum ___________________ Subphylum _____________________ A vertebrate is _________________________________________________________. All members of phylum Chordata share the following three characteristics at some point in their lives: 1 ________________________ 2 ___________________________ 3 _______________________ Directions: In this activity you will identify the vertebrates from least complex to most complex. You will read the important characteristics and identify the animal’s class, as well as several examples. Class (Common Name) ________________________ ________________________ (Cartilaginous Fish) ________________________ (Bony Fish) ________________________ Important Characteristics of Vertebrates No scales Skeleton made of cartilage Ectotherm Do not have paired fins Mouth has no jaws; have structures for stabbing, scrapping and sucking for food Body covered by scales Skeleton made of cartilage Ectotherm Have paired fins Have jaws Breathe by gills Carnivores Live in the ocean (salt water) Body covered by scales Skeleton made of bone Ectotherm Have paired fins Have jaws Breathe by gills Some omnivores, some carnivores Has a swim bladder (gas-filled sac) stabilizes them at different water levels Live in both salt and freshwater Ectotherm Thin, moist skin Most carry out metamorphosis (ex: Tadpoles develop into Frogs) Breathe by gills as a tadpole; by lungs/skin as an adult External (frog/toad) or internal(salamander) fertilization Lay soft-shelled eggs in water (protects the egg from drying out & infection) Strong skeleton & muscular limbs are adapted for life on land Some herbivores; Some carnivores Examples (Name and/or Picture) Class (Common Name) ________________________ ________________________ (Birds) ________________________ DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS: (based on how their young develop) Important Characteristics of Vertebrates Ectotherm Three-chambered heart (Crocodile has a fourchambered hear) Dry, scaly skin Breathe by lungs Lay hard-shell eggs on land (protects the egg from drying out & protect developing embryo) First vertebrates that were well adapted to life on land Eggs, skin & kidneys are adapted to conserve water Internal fertilization Lizards & snakes molt their old skin Some carnivores; some herbivores Endotherm Four-chambered heart Breathe by lungs Internal fertilization Lay hard-shell eggs Scales on their feet Migrate due to food and/or weather Most birds can fly o Adaptations for flight: 1. Feathers 2. Thin-hollow bones 3. Air sacs (helps to bring more O2 to use to make energy) 4. Sternum (attached to large chest muscles) 5. Wings Well developed brain, which controls flying, singing & finding food Most have keen eyesight Live in widely diverse environments Help with the process of flower pollination & dispersal of seeds Endotherm Four-chambered heart Skin covered with hair or fur Internal fertilization Have mammary glands to produce milk to nurse their young Have teeth of different shapes adapted to their diet Breathe by lungs; with the help of a diaphragm Well developed brain & highly developed senses **************************************** 1. ____________________ Lay eggs Only three living species ***************************************** 2. ____________________ Young are born alive, but not fully developed Continue to develop in the mother’s pouch ***************************************** 3. ____________________ Develop inside it’s mother’s body until its body system can function independently Baby connected to mother by the placenta Further classified based on the basis of adaptation (ex: feeding, moving, etc) Examples