Download Cell Organelles

Cell Basics
Types, Parts, and Function
Plant Cells
Plant cells are often larger
and more regularly shaped
than animal cells
Cell walls, chloroplasts,
and a large, central
vacuole are unique to
plant cells
Animal Cells
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Animal cells are often irregularly shaped & slightly smaller in size
compared to plant cells.
Cells come in a variety of shapes – any idea
why?
“Shape Reflects Function”
What do you think this statement means?
Nerve cells
Nerve cells have branches!
Nerve cells
branch out to
receive and
send electrical
signals.
Skin cells
Skin cells are
typically flat because
they act like a
protective covering.
Muscle cells
Long and thin with
the ability to shorten
and lengthen
Intestinal cells
Above are 4 cells each
with a nucleus and
microvilli (little
extensions)
Here is an electron
microscope picture – what
do you think their shape
allows them to do?
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Size??
Complexity??
Comparison
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Larger in size
Smaller in size
Has a nucleus
No nucleus
Has more organelles Each with their own membrane
Has less organelles none with a membrane
Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi,
and Protists
Examples: bacteria
Cell Theory
Explains the relationship between cells & living things
It is made up of 3 statements:
• All living things are made up of one
or more cells.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure &
function of all life.
In Summary
 Cells are the basic units of life.
 Much of what we know about cells & their connection to life is
stated in the cell theory.
 There are 2 general types of cells– prokaryotic & eukaryotic.
 Eukaryotic cells (animal & plant) AND prokaryotic cells
(bacteria) – while different, also have some similarities.
 A cell’s shape helps it perform its job in an organism.
Now, let’s look at all of the cell parts we call organelles…
Cytoplasm
• Lots of chemicals are dissolved in it and lots of
chemical activities occur here.
Analogy – internal environment of factory
Nucleus
• Control center - contains DNA – instructions
needed to build & regulate our body
Analogy – main office of factory
Vacuole/Vesicle
• Stores food, water, and minerals
– Plants have a huge vacuole!!
Analogy –
Storage
rooms/spaces
In factory
Animal
cells have
smaller
versions VESICLES
Lysosomes
• Break down extra/unwanted chemicals & cells
with their powerful enzymes for recycling
Analogy – clean up crew of factory
Cytoskeleton
• Supports and gives shape to cell. Can also aid
in movement.
Analogy – steel & cement/wooden beams of a factory
Centrioles
• Part of cytoskeleton – aids in cell
reproduction
Ribosomes
• Assembles proteins (helps string together the
amino acids)
Analogy – workers or machines that make the product
ER
• Helps the ribosomes assemble proteins &
transport materials around the cell
Analogy – assembly line/conveyor belt of factory
Golgi body (or Golgi apparatus)
• Process, modify & package proteins – puts
finishing touches!
Analogy – customization shop or finishing department of factory
Chloroplasts
• Capture sunlight to make food for plant –
where photosynthesis takes place
Analogy – solar panels on roof of factory
Mitochondria
• Convert food into energy for the cell – where
cellular respiration takes place
Analogy – boiler room
or generator of factory
Cell Wall
• Tough, rigid outer wall – provides support &
shape to plant
Analogy - ?????
This is the FIBER we spoke about in the last unit
Cell Membrane
• Regulates what goes in and out
Analogy - ????