Download 5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook

5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Sumer and Babylon
Warm Up: Take out your Bibles and have them
ready. Then, read the "Read Aloud" found on
page 108 of your textbook.
Oct 26­11:13 AM
1
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Today's Objectives:
*Explain how cuneiform developed and
how it affected Mesopotamia
*Analyze how Mesopotamia cultural
values shaped local life
*Explain how Hammurabi's rise helped
Babylon gain power
*Investigate Babylon's connections with
the Bible
Oct 26­2:47 PM
2
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
Southern Mesopotamia
October 26, 2014
(started around the same time as Menes was unifying Egypt)
Sumer
*valued independence
*worked hard to control the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers
*first wheeled vehicles and
sailboats
*simple machines, like pottery
wheels
*new ideas in math and science
Cuneiform
Writing System
*used sharp reeds to scratch records
on clay tablets
*looked like pictures at first, then
morphed into simplified pictures for
faster writing
*500 signs
*represented sounds, as well as ideas
and objects
Oct 26­2:57 PM
3
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Checkpoint #1:
How were materials used for cuneiform
and hieroglyphics similar and different?
Both used reed pens,
buttocuneiform
was written on wet
Slide
reveal answer.
clay tablets rather than papyrus
Why did cuneiform symbols grow less
picture­like as time passed?
to reveal
Scribes simplified theSlide
symbols
to writeanswer.
faster
Where was cuneiform writing
developed?
In Sumer, southern
Mesopotamia
Slide
to reveal answer.
Oct 26­3:12 PM
4
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
School
in Sumer
*few people could write (even most
kings could not)
*was an honor to go to school and
learn to be a scribe
*boys (only rarely girls) spent years
practicing cuneiform and studying
mathematics to keep accurate
records
Oct 26­3:23 PM
5
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
City­states of
Sumer
(self­governing cities that
also govern surrounding
villages)
*find Sumer
*find city­states of
Ur ,
Uruk , and Eridu on the
map
*Sumerians built walls
around their cities
(protection)
Oct 26­3:29 PM
6
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
"Gilgamesh"
A Mythical Hero
*part god and part man
*strong as an ox
*best fighter
*built the city of Uruk
What are some mythical heros in our
society today?
Oct 26­3:35 PM
7
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Kings in Sumer
*palace could be seen from
almost everywhere in city
*kings served as generals,
judges, and canal overseers
* NOTconsidered gods, like
Egyptian pharaohs
ZIGGURAT
Religion in Sumer
* ziggurats
(temples) in center of cities
* polytheism (belief in many gods)
*each city­state had a special god or
goddess; that god or goddess was
worshipped at the city's ziggurat
ISHTAR
* examples:
Ishtar = goddess of love and war;
Enki = god of water
ENKI
Oct 26­3:45 PM
8
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Uniting the City­States
*united under one ruler:
Sargon
(who was king of the city­state
Kish )
*expanded empire to northern
end of fertile crescent (present­
day Syria)
* because cuneiform was used
throughout his empire, Sargon
could send instructions and
govern over great distances
According to the Bible,
Sargon and
Nimrod may have been the same
person:
Genesis 10:8­10 ~ Cush was the father of
Nimrod, who became a mighty warrior
on the earth. He was a mighty hunter
before the Lord; that is why it is said,
“Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the
Lord.” The first centers of his kingdom
were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh,
in Shinar.
Oct 26­3:59 PM
9
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Checkpoint #2:
What beliefs did Sumerians hold about
Gilgamesh?
all­knowing, great builder,
part
god/man,
strongest, best
Slide to
reveal
answer.
fighter
Why did Sumerians build walls around
their cities?
for protection
Slide to reveal answer.
Who united the Sumerian city­states?
Where was he from?
Sargon; Kish
Slide to reveal answer.
Oct 26­4:07 PM
10
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
The Rise of
October 26, 2014
Babylon...
Oct 26­4:28 PM
11
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
The once great city of
Babylon , where the Jews were
held captive for 70 years, became a symbol of power,
materialism, and cruelty.
Read Aloud:
The city of
Babylon was the capital of the
ancient land of Babylonia in
southern
Mesopotamia. It was situated on the
Euphrates River.
The tremendous wealth and power of
this city, along with its monumental size
and appearance, were certainly
considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its
foundations were unearthed and its
riches substantiated during the 19th
century. Archaeologists stood in
awe as
their discoveries
revealed that certain
stories in the Bible were an actual
situation that had happened in time
.
Oct 26­1:20 PM
12
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Genesis 10:10 ~ The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad
and Kalneh, in Shinar.
The Tower of Babel
PULL
Location of Babylon
They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them
thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they
said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the
heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be
scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
PULL
Genesis 11:1­9
~ Now the whole world had one language and a common
speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled
there.
But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were
building. The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they
have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for
them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not
understand each other.”
So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped
building the city. That is why it was called Babel—because there the Lord
confused the language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered
them over the face of the whole earth.
Oct 26­2:56 PM
13
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Babylon's king,
Hammurabi
*dammed key parts of
Euphrates river
gave them power to cut off water or or
cause terrible floods downstream
~
*armies weakened the Sumerians
*rich and powerful
*power shifted to north Babylon
Hammurabi's Code
Code of Law
*stone pillar ­ inscribed with over 200
laws, written in cuneiform
*one of the world's oldest
codes of law
*showed that slavery existed and not
everyone was treated equally under law
*copies of pillars all over ­ indicated that
Hammurabi wanted his rules to be
followed
Oct 26­5:05 PM
14
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Checkpoint #3:
What new ruler marched through
Mesopotamia in about 1800 B.C.?
Slide to reveal answer.
Hammurabi; king of Babylon
What strategy did he use to weaken the
Sumerians?
Slide to reveal answer.
dammed the Euphrates; controlled water flow
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
system of laws
Slide to reveal answer.
Oct 26­5:19 PM
15
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
The "New" Babylonia
*693 B.C. "Old Babylon" was destroyed
by powerful rulers from northern
Mesopotamia ­ a city called Nineveh
*known for beautiful "hanging gardens"
*prisoners from Israel
Jonah Goes to Nineveh
Then the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: “Go to the great city of
Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you.”
PULL
Jonah 3
Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh. Now Nineveh was a very
large city; it took three days to go through it. Jonah began by going a day’s journey
into the city, proclaiming, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” The
Ninevites believed God. A fast was proclaimed, and all of them, from the greatest to
the least, put on sackcloth.
PULL
When Jonah’s warning reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off
his royal robes, covered himself with sackcloth and sat down in the dust. This is the
proclamation he issued in Nineveh:
“By the decree of the king and his nobles:
Do not let people or animals, herds or flocks, taste anything; do not let them eat or
drink. But let people and animals be covered with sackcloth. Let everyone call
urgently on God. Let them give up their evil ways and their violence. Who knows?
God may yet relent and with compassion turn from his fierce anger so that we will not
perish.”
When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he relented
and did not bring on them the destruction he had threatened.
Oct 26­5:26 PM
16
5.2 Sumer and Babylon.notebook
October 26, 2014
Summing it Up:
Why did cuneiform first develop and
how did it grow?
it first developed to Slide
keep records;
later
it developed
to reveal
answer.
enough to express complex ideas
How did cuneiform aid in governing
large areas?
Slide to reveal answer.
it allowed laws to reach all corners of an empire
What did Hammurabi's rise to power do
for Babylon?
to world's
revealmost
answer.
it made it one of theSlide
ancient
powerful cities
Oct 26­5:49 PM
17