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NOTES Watersheds and Groundwater.notebook Watersheds and Groundwater April 12, 2016 River System tributaries river A __________ and all its __________________ together. Tributaries __________________ : Smaller streams and rivers that main feed into a ____________ river. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM River System Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Watersheds Land river ____________ area that supplies water to a ____________ system _____________. Drainage Basin May also be called a ______________ _____________. largest Usually named after the ______________ river in the rivers tributaries watershed that all other __________ and _______________ drain into. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM 1 NOTES Watersheds and Groundwater.notebook April 12, 2016 Divides ridge separates A ___________ of land that _______________ watersheds. different Streams on each side of a divide flow in _______________ directions. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater pores Water stored below Earth’s surface in ___________ of sediments soil rocks _________, __________, or ______________. Groundwater is ________ underground lakes or rivers. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater pores Water stored below Earth’s surface in ___________ of sediments soil rocks _________, __________, or ______________. Groundwater Porosity void ________________: the amount of _________ space pores made up by the __________. pore The greater the volume of __________ space, greater porosity the ___________ the ____________. NOT Groundwater is ________ underground lakes or rivers. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM 2 NOTES Watersheds and Groundwater.notebook Groundwater April 12, 2016 Groundwater Porosity Factors affecting ______________: High porosity _________________ _________________ size Grain SORTING 1. _________ _________ _____________ sorted Well – ___________ = Grain sizes Well-sorted same all basically the _________ size. Low porosity _________________ _________________ sorted Poorly __________ = Grain sizes a different mixture of ____________ sizes. Poorly-sorted Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater Groundwater shape Grain 2. _________ _________ spherical irregular spheres Almost perfect __________ result in porosity low ________ ____________ high Irregular shapes result in ___________ porosity ___________ Note: ________ _________ does _______ affect __________ Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater Groundwater spherical easily Materials that allow water to ___________ pass through, irregular permeable permeate or _____________, are called _________________. Sand Examples: ______________ Gravel ______________ Which is more permeable? porosity Grain size NOT Note: ________ _________ does _______ affect __________ Only SORTING and SHAPE Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM 3 NOTES Watersheds and Groundwater.notebook Groundwater April 12, 2016 Groundwater pores infiltrates As water ______________ down through the _____________, impermeable Once water reaches an ______________________ layer, it cannot it will eventually reach a layer of material that it ___________ fill in above begins to _______ _____ the pore spaces _________ it. pass through. permeable The area of ________________ rock or soil that becomes impermeable These materials are called ___________________. bedrock (granite is one example) Examples: __________________ clay layer __________________ Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater saturated The very top of the __________________ zone is called the saturated totally filled, or __________________, with water is called saturated zone the __________________ ___________. Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater (Simple Drawing) water table ____________ ____________. water table Sediment layers above the ___________ __________ will contain some moisture; however, the pores in this zone also air saturated contain ________ and are not ________________. This area water table above the ___________ ___________ is called the zone unsaturated _____________________ ___________. Apr 511:48 PM Groundwater upward Capillarity: Water drawn ____________ from water water table due to _____________ adhesion ___________ greater Fine grain sediments have _____________ capillarity. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM Add the following notes in your "Watersheds and Groundwater" notetaking guide: • Smaller sediment particle sizes have: a. Greater capillarity b. Greater water retention c. Lower permeability -- lower rate of infiltration Apr 217:59 PM 4 NOTES Watersheds and Groundwater.notebook April 12, 2016 Aquifers Aquifers Types of aquifers: store Any underground layer of rock or sediments that _________ Unconfined _____________________ transmit and ________________ groundwater. water table Begins at the __________ ____________. confining No _______________ layer above it – only a Characteristics: Good porosity _____________________ High permeability _____________________ recharge ________________ zone. Recharge _________________ zone: where rain water can replenish the aquifer. NOT Water is ________ under pressure (must be pumped to surface) Apr 511:48 PM Aquifers Apr 511:48 PM Springs / Wells Types of aquifers: Confined _____________________ below above Bound ___________ and ____________ by impermable __________________ or very low permeability Spring: Where the water table meets the ground surface. Bubbles or flows out of cracks in rocks. Wells: Method of obtaining groundwater from an aquifer below by drilling _________ the water table. rock layers. Water is under pressure. Apr 511:48 PM Artesian Wells: A well that releases pressurized water confined from a ______________ aquifer. Apr 511:48 PM Apr 511:48 PM 5
