Download 10.5 Sine and Cosine Ratios

Page 1 of 6
10.5
Goal
Find the sine and cosine of
an acute angle.
Sine and Cosine Ratios
Two other trigonometric ratios are sine and cosine . These are
abbreviated as sin and cos. Unlike the tangent ratio, these ratios
involve the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Key Words
SINE AND COSINE RATIOS
• sine
• cosine
For any acute angle A of a right triangle:
B
leg opposite aA
a
sin A hypotenuse
c
leg adjacent to aA
hypotenuse
b
c
cos A 1
EXAMPLE
hypotenuse c
leg
a opposite
aA
A
C
b
leg adjacent to aA
Find Sine and Cosine Ratios
Find sin A and cos A.
B
5
A
Solution
leg opposite a A
sin A hypotenuse
3
C
4
Write ratio for sine.
3
5
Substitute.
leg adjacent to a A
hypotenuse
Write ratio for cosine.
4
5
Substitute.
cos A Find Sine and Cosine Ratios
Find sin A and cos A.
1.
B
17
15
2. B
24
25
C
3. B
7
A
8
C
A
8
10
6
A
C
10.5
Sine and Cosine Ratios
563
Page 2 of 6
2
EXAMPLE
Find Sine and Cosine Ratios
Find sin A and cos A. Write your answers as fractions
and as decimals rounded to four decimal places.
Solution
B
13
leg opposite a A
5
13
sin A ≈ 0.3846
hypotenuse
leg adjacent to a A
hypotenuse
A
5
12
C
12
13
cos A ≈ 0.9231
Find Sine and Cosine Ratios
Find sin A and cos A. Write your answers as fractions and as decimals
rounded to four decimal places.
4. C
40
9
A
B
5.
6. C
39
2
5
8
C
A
B
2
41
A
2
B
Sine and Cosine Functions You can use the SIN and COS functions on a
calculator to approximate the sine and cosine of an angle. You can also use
the table of trigonometric ratios on page 705.
EXAMPLE
3
Use a Calculator for Sine and Cosine
Use a calculator to approximate sin 74 and cos 74. Round your
answers to four decimal places.
Solution
Calculator keystrokes
Display
Rounded value
74
or
74
0.961261696
0.9613
74
or
74
0.275637356
0.2756
Use a Calculator for Sine and Cosine
Use a calculator to approximate the value to four decimal places.
564
Chapter 10
7. sin 43
8. cos 43
9. sin 15
10. cos 15
11. cos 72
12. sin 72
13. cos 90
14. sin 90
Right Triangles and Trigonometry
Page 3 of 6
Find Leg Lengths
4
EXAMPLE
Find the lengths of the legs of the triangle.
Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
B
10
a
32
A
Student Help
VISUAL STRATEGY
leg opposite a A
A
32
8.5
C
58 5.3
cos A a
10
b
10
cos 32 sin 32 C
You can label side
lengths and angle
measures in different
colors. See p. 536.
leg adjacent to a A
hypotenuse
sin A hypotenuse
B
10
b
Solution
10(sin 32) a
10(cos 32) b
10(0.5299) ≈ a
10(0.8480) ≈ b
5.3 ≈ a
8.5 ≈ b
ANSWER
In the triangle, BC is about 5.3 and AC is about 8.5.
Find Leg Lengths
Find the lengths of the legs of the triangle. Round your answers to
the nearest tenth.
15.
16.
7
a
b 65
17.
12
43
a
a
34
b
5
b
SUMMARY
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
For any acute angle A of a right triangle:
B
Tangent of aA
c
leg opposite aA
a
tan A leg adjacent to aA
b
A
a
b
C
B
Sine of aA
c
leg opposite aA
a
sin A hypotenuse
c
A
b
a
C
B
Cosine of aA
c
leg adjacent to aA
b
cos A hypotenuse
c
A
10.5
b
a
C
Sine and Cosine Ratios
565
Page 4 of 6
10.5 Exercises
Guided Practice
Vocabulary Check
Use the diagram shown at the right to match the trigonometric ratios.
EF
DE
1. cos D
A. 2. sin D
B. 3. tan D
C. F
DE
DF
D
EF
DF
4. Error Analysis A student says
E
B
that sin D > sin A because the side
lengths of T DEF are greater than
the side lengths of T ABC. Explain
why the student is incorrect.
Skill Check
E
A
37°
C
37°
D
F
In Exercises 5–10, use the diagram shown below to find the
trigonometric ratio.
5. sin A
6. cos A
7. tan A
8. sin B
9. cos B
10. tan B
A
5
3
C
4
B
Practice and Applications
Extra Practice
Finding Sine and Cosine Ratios Find sin A and cos A. Write your
answers as fractions in simplest form.
See p. 694.
11. B
11
C
12. C
61
60
53
B
13.
A
5
10
B
A
Exs. 11–13
Exs. 14–16
Exs. 17–24
Exs. 25–30
14. P
12
35
P
15.
R
11
37
Chapter 10
62
R
P
566
36
15
C
Finding Sine and Cosine Ratios Find sin P and cos P. Write your
answers as fractions in simplest form and as decimals rounded to
four decimal places.
Homework Help
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
A
39
Right Triangles and Trigonometry
7
P
16.
9
P
62
R
3
P
Page 5 of 6
Calculator Use a calculator to approximate the value to four
decimal places.
IStudent Help
ICLASSZONE.COM
HOMEWORK HELP
Extra help with problem
solving in Exs. 25–30 is
at classzone.com
17. sin 40
18. cos 23
19. sin 80
20. cos 5
21. sin 59
22. cos 61
23. sin 90
24. cos 77
Finding Leg Lengths Find the lengths of the legs of the triangle.
Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
25.
26.
8
x
16
24
x
Skateboarding
x
11
29
y
y
31.
54
y
46
28.
x
27.
14
x
29.
30.
26
y
15
37
68
y
x
y
Visualize It!
A ladder that is 15 feet long is leaning against a
wall. The ladder makes an angle of 70 with the ground. Make a
sketch. Then determine how high up the wall the ladder reaches.
Round your answer to the nearest foot.
32. Skateboard Ramp You are constructing a skateboarding ramp
like the one shown below. Your ramp will be 8 feet long and the
ramp angle will be about 22. Find the lengths of the legs of the
triangles that support the ramp. Round your answers to the
nearest inch.
SKATEBOARD RAMPS
built with curves, called
half pipes, allow freestyle
skateboard riders to perform
acrobatic maneuvers.
Technology In Exercises 33–35, use geometry software.
&*.
1 Draw AB
●
&* through B.
2 Construct a perpendicular to AB
●
3 Add point C on the perpendicular.
●
&*.
4 Draw AC
●
33. Find maA, sin A, and cos A.
C
A
B
34. Calculate (sin A)2 (cos A)2.
35. Drag point C. What do you notice?
10.5
Sine and Cosine Ratios
567
Page 6 of 6
36. Challenge Let A be any acute angle of a right triangle.
Use the definitions of sin A, cos A, and tan A to prove the
following result.
sin A
tan A
cos A
You be the Judge
37.
One student uses
R
r
&*.
the ratio sin 42 to find the length of ST
34
r
Another student uses the ratio cos 48 .
34
Assuming the students make no errors in
calculation, who will get the correct answer?
Standardized Test
Practice
42
34
S
r
T
38. Multiple Choice Use the diagram below. Which expression could
be used to find CD?
A
C
8(cos 25)
8
sin 25
D
B
D
8(sin 25)
8
cos 25
8
25
C
E
39. Multiple Choice Which statement cannot be true?
F
H
Mixed Review
s
sin A 0.55
sin A 1.2
G
J
B
sin A 0.61
sin A 0.4869
A
C
Not drawn to scale
Finding Leg Lengths Find the value of each variable. Write your
answer in radical form. (Lesson 10.3)
40.
41.
13
60
42.
26
30
x
x 30 y
y
30
16
60
x
60
7
Using a Calculator Use a calculator to approximate the value to four
decimal places. (Lesson 10.4)
Algebra Skills
43. tan 32
44. tan 88
45. tan 56
46. tan 24
47. tan 17
48. tan 49
Ordering Numbers Write the numbers in order from least to
greatest. (Skills Review, p. 662)
49. 0.8, 1.8, 8, 0.08, 18, 0, 1.8
50. 2641, 2146, 2614, 2416, 2164, 2461
51. 0.56, 0.47, 0.61, 0.5, 0.6
568
Chapter 10
Right Triangles and Trigonometry