Download Sleep and Dreams

These slides were created by
Dr. Gordon Vessels, but some draw
from those created by
Dr. Kevin Richardson in 1998.
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Sleep and Dreams
“Sometimes,
a cigar
is just a
cigar.”
Freud, on the
meaning of
dreams
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Rhythm of Sleep
Circadian Rhythm
(the biological clock)
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Rhythm of Sleep
Circadian Rhythm
Body Temp
Sleep/Wakefulness
Mood
All are linked to
(the biological clock) a ± 25 hour day
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Five Stages of Sleep (~ 90 min)
2 min - hallucinations
20 min - sleeptalking
may begin at Stage 2
30 min
- sleepwalking
10+ min - Dreams!
{
5 Stages of Sleep
Sleep Cycles
Characteristics
Awake & Relaxed . . . . . Alpha waves
Stage 1 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Dream-like (~ 2 min)
Stage 2 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Sleep Spindles (~ 20 min)
(sleep talking)
Stages 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . Delta waves (~ 30 min)
(sleep walking, hard to awaken)
REM Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . Like Stage 1 (~ 10-45 min)
(paradoxical sleep)
(deep muscle paralysis)
Everyone Dreams!
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Why Do We Sleep?
Effects of
Sleep
Deprivation
So WHY?
Impaired Creativity
Impaired
Concentration
Irritability
Slowed Performance
MAYBE:
Keep Us From Harm
Consolidate
Memories
Conserve Energy
Aid Growth Process
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
The Stuff of Which Dreams
Are Made
Most dreams are of
ordinary things.
BUT
Lucid Dreams are so vivid
they SEEM REAL.
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those
created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
The Stuff of Which Dreams
Are Made
Does Dreaming Remove
Us From Reality?
Not Entirely.
We retain some awareness
of our external world.
BUT...
we don’t remember info
5 minutes prior to sleep.
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those
created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
But WHY Do We Dream?
• Latent Content may actually be
Unconscious Drives & Wishes
• Dreams may help sort & fix our
days’ experiences in memory
• Dreams result from random
neural activity originating in
brainstem
What if we couldn’t dream?
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Why Do We
Daydream?
Temporary escape from reality;
Help prepare us for future events;
Substitute for impulsive behavior.
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those
created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available
at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
You are
getting sleepy…
What is it?
A state of
apparently
heightened
suggestibility
PostHypnotic
Amnesia
Temporary
memory loss
(Maybe)
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Hypnosis As Therapy
Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful?
Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis
Stop Smoking & Nail Biting?
NO more successful than positive thinking.
Stop or Alleviate Pain?
YES Just ask your Dentist!
Dissociation or Selective Attention
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Drugs and Consciousness
What types of drugs influence consciousness?
and
How do they work?
Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that
change
perceptions & moods
Affect Brain
Chemistry
&
User Expectations
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Dependence and Addiction
Tolerance
Continued use of a drug
requires larger doses to
equal the same effect
Withdrawal
In the absence of the drug, user
may feel physical pain & cravings
Physical
Dependence Psychological
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Psychoactive Drugs
Excite neural activity
Stimulants Arouse body functions
Calm neural activity
Slow body functions
Depressants
Distort exisiting perceptions
Evoke perception
Hallucinogens w/o sensation
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Stimulants
Caffeine
Nicotine
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Increase heart rate
Tiredness
and breathing rate
Headaches
Pupils Dilate
Irritability
Appetite Diminshes
Depression
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Depressants
Alcohol - Barbituates - Opiates
Decreases
Impairs Judgment Sympathetic
and Inhibitions Nervous System
Activity
Disrupts Processing of
Info into Memory
Focuses Attention
(not short-term recall
on
or existing LTM)
Immediate
Situation
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Hallucinogens
Psychadelics
Common Perceptual
Distortions
& Hallucinations
LSD
PCP
Marijuana
Simple Geometric Forms
Meaningful Images /
Tunnel Feeling of
Separation from Body
Psychadelic Drugs Loss of
Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Deprivation
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/