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Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook Table of Contents 05/05/14 # Date 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Title Page # 01/27/14 Ch 7: Skeletal System 01/29/14 Ch 8: Muscular System 03/03/14 Ch 9: Nervous System 03/31/14 04/21/14 Ch 10: The Senses Pig Dissection 1 12 66 98 110 May 12, 2014 110 Pig Dissection Objective: Students will be able to use the pig dissection to demonstrate understanding of major body systems. Pig Dissection Finish i Pig Dissection 05/07/14 Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition 127 Objective: Students will be able to describe the major organs of the digestive system and their function. 05/07/14 127 Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition Objective: Students will be able to describe the major organs of the digestive system and their function. Alimentary Canal • Draw the alimentary canal: Alimentary Canal • Draw the alimentary canal: • Label the major tissue types that make up each organ and the major functions that occur at each organ. • How do the tissue types facilitate their function? • Label the major tissue types that make up each organ and the major functions that occur at each organ. • How do the tissue types facilitate their function? 4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal Mucosa Submucosa Muscle Serosa Per 3 Alimentary Canal 05/07/14 Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition Period 4 Alimentary Canal 127 Objective: Students will be able to describe the major organs of the digestive system and their function. Alimentary Canal • Draw the alimentary canal: • Label the major tissue types that make up each organ and the major functions that occur at each organ. • How do the tissue types facilitate their function? 4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal Mucosa Submucosa Muscle Serosa Period 5 Alimentary Canal 4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal Mucosa Submucosa Muscle Serosa 05/07/14 Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition 127 Objective: Students will be able to describe the major organs of the digestive system and their function. Alimentary Canal • Draw the alimentary canal: • Label the major tissue types that make up each organ and the major functions that occur at each organ. • How do the tissue types facilitate their function? 4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal Mucosa Submucosa Muscle Serosa Alimentary Canal 1 Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook May 12, 2014 MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs Tapeworms Salivary Gland Tapeworms MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs Salivary gland MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs Stomach Esophagus Submucosa: glandular Mucosa: Stratified Squamous Esophagus Stomach MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs Small Intestine Stomach structure Small Intestine 2 Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook May 12, 2014 Feedback Mechanism: Stomach • as chyme enters the small intestine, the small intestinal wall distends. This triggers the nerves to signal the cells to release intestinal secretions Small Intestine Structure Feedback Mechanism: Pancreas (A ) ne oli lch ty ce • As more chyme enters the small intestine, cholecystokinin(CCK) is released and gastric juice is inhibited. feedback mechanism: stomach Feedback Mechanism: Gall Bladder • cholecystokinin(CCK) stimulates the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice, the gall bladder to secrete bile, but the stomach to stop secreting gastric juice--WHY? • cholecystokinin(CCK)can also stimulate the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice feedback mechanism: stomach feedback mechanism: stomach 05/09/14 Fat Absorption Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition 128 Objective: Students will be able to list and describe the function of each major digestive enzyme in order to explain metabolism. Enzyme Action Alimentary Canal • Mouth Amylase: in saliva • breaks down starch into disaccharides • Stomach Pepsin: in gastric juice • breaks down proteins into polypeptides • requires HCl to form from pepsinogen Stomach contains: • mucous cells (goblet cells) release alkaline coating to protect stomach from HCl • chief cells secrete digestive enzymes • parietal cells secrete HCl Intestine • Small Peptidases: in villi and microvilli • breaks down polypeptides into amino acids Sucrase, maltase, lactase • breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides Intestinal lipase • breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol Small Intestine contains: • mucous cells (goblet cells) release alkaline coating to protect from HCl from stomach also releases watery fluid w/out digestive enzymes that help when pancreatic and liver enzymes enter. • Large LargeIntestine Intestine contains: • mucous cells (goblet cells) secrete mucous--does not contain enzymes for digestion Accessory Organs • Pancreas Pancreatic amylase: in pancreatic juice • breaks down starch into disaccharides Pancreatic lipase: in pancreatic juice • breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol Pancreatic nucleases: in pancreatic juice • breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides Trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase: in pancreatic juice • breaks bonds between particular amino acids • must work in combination with each other Controlled by hormones: secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) Liver • Secretes bile: bile salts, pigments, cholesterol and electrolytes • bile salts: only digestive function • break down fat globules into smaller droplets= emulsification • helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) See Table 15.6, p. 424 for the Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients Fat absorption • Helps regulate blood glucose levels by storing and converting glycogen • oxidizes fatty acids, synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol • converts carbs to fats • deaminate amino acids to form urea • synthesizes plasma proteins (clotting factors) • converts amino acids to other aa • stores iron, vitamins A, D, and B12 • phagocytizes antigens, destroys old RBCs Enzyme Action 3 Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook 05/12/14 Ch 17: Urinary System May 12, 2014 131 Objective: Students will be able to describe the location and structure of the kidney in order to explain kidney function. A. Calyces B. Hilum of Kidney C. Nephron D. Renal Column E. Renal Cortex F. Renal Papilla G. Renal Pelvis H. Renal Pyramid I. Renal Sinus Blank page May 179:04 AM 05/12/14 05/12/14 Ch 17: Urinary System Ch 17: Urinary System 134 Objective: Students will be able to describe the how kidney functions are regulated. Regulation of Kidney Functions Filtration Filtration rate will increase when too many body fluids, and decrease when too few changes in diameters of vessels afferent sympathetic nerve impulses--cause constriction of afferent arteriole Filtration Rate 132 Objective: Students will be able to describe the nephron and the function of its major parts. efferent constricts, blood backs up Filtration Rate plasma osmotic pressure Filtration Rate Enzyme and Hormone Action Reabsorption Aldosterone (adrenal glands) stimulates tubular reabsorption of Na+ (which increases H 2O reabsorption) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (neurons of hyypothalamus) when decrease in blood V Increased permeability of tubule to water, so it is reabsorbed, urine volume decreases, solute concentrations increase Secretion Aldosterone (adrenal glands) stimulates secretion of K+ Blank page Regulation of Kidney Functions Control Center Brain (Sympathetic Pathway) Effectors Receptors Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Heart Stimulus 10 Response Na+ excretion increases Blood volume raises 9 High Normal Low Drop in Cl-, K+, Na+ Vasoconstriction, Aldosterone secretion, Thirst Stimulus Response Macula densa (distal convoluted tubule) Angiotensin II Receptors Effectors Brain (Sympathetic Pathway) Control Center Negative Feedback Kidney nephron 4