Download Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook

Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook
Table of Contents
05/05/14
#
Date
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Title
Page #
01/27/14
Ch 7: Skeletal System
01/29/14
Ch 8: Muscular System
03/03/14
Ch 9: Nervous System
03/31/14
04/21/14
Ch 10: The Senses
Pig Dissection
1
12
66
98
110
May 12, 2014
110
Pig Dissection
Objective:
Students will be able to use the pig
dissection to demonstrate understanding
of major body systems.
Pig Dissection
Finish
i
Pig Dissection
05/07/14
Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition
127
Objective:
Students will be able to describe the
major organs of the digestive system and
their function.
05/07/14
127
Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition
Objective:
Students will be able to describe the
major organs of the digestive system and
their function.
Alimentary Canal
• Draw the alimentary canal:
Alimentary Canal
• Draw the alimentary canal:
• Label the major tissue types that make
up each organ and the major functions that
occur at each organ.
• How do the tissue types facilitate their
function?
• Label the major tissue types that make
up each organ and the major functions that
occur at each organ.
• How do the tissue types facilitate their
function?
4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa
Per 3 Alimentary Canal
05/07/14
Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition
Period 4 Alimentary Canal
127
Objective:
Students will be able to describe the
major organs of the digestive system and
their function.
Alimentary Canal
• Draw the alimentary canal:
• Label the major tissue types that make
up each organ and the major functions that
occur at each organ.
• How do the tissue types facilitate their
function?
4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa
Period 5 Alimentary Canal
4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa
05/07/14
Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition
127
Objective:
Students will be able to describe the
major organs of the digestive system and
their function.
Alimentary Canal
• Draw the alimentary canal:
• Label the major tissue types that make
up each organ and the major functions that
occur at each organ.
• How do the tissue types facilitate their
function?
4 layered wall within Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa
Alimentary Canal
1
Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook
May 12, 2014
MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs
Tapeworms
Salivary Gland
Tapeworms
MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs
Salivary gland
MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs
Stomach
Esophagus
Submucosa: glandular
Mucosa: Stratified Squamous
Esophagus
Stomach
MiniLab #40: Digestive Organs
Small Intestine
Stomach structure
Small Intestine
2
Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook
May 12, 2014
Feedback Mechanism: Stomach
• as chyme enters the small intestine, the
small intestinal wall distends. This triggers
the nerves to signal the cells to release
intestinal secretions
Small Intestine Structure
Feedback Mechanism: Pancreas
(A
)
ne
oli
lch
ty
ce
• As more chyme enters the small
intestine, cholecystokinin(CCK) is
released and gastric juice is inhibited.
feedback mechanism: stomach
Feedback Mechanism: Gall Bladder
• cholecystokinin(CCK) stimulates the
pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice, the
gall bladder to secrete bile, but the stomach
to stop secreting gastric juice--WHY?
• cholecystokinin(CCK)can also stimulate the
pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice
feedback mechanism: stomach
feedback mechanism: stomach
05/09/14
Fat Absorption
Ch. 15: Digestion and Nutrition
128
Objective:
Students will be able to list and describe
the function of each major digestive
enzyme in order to explain metabolism.
Enzyme Action
Alimentary Canal
• Mouth
Amylase: in saliva
• breaks down starch into disaccharides
• Stomach
Pepsin: in gastric juice
• breaks down proteins into polypeptides
• requires HCl to form from pepsinogen
Stomach contains:
• mucous cells (goblet cells)
release alkaline coating to protect
stomach from HCl
• chief cells
secrete digestive enzymes
• parietal cells
secrete HCl
Intestine
• Small
Peptidases:
in villi and microvilli
• breaks down polypeptides into amino
acids
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
• breaks down disaccharides into
monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase
• breaks down fats into fatty acids and
glycerol
Small Intestine contains:
• mucous cells (goblet cells)
release alkaline coating to protect
from HCl from stomach
also releases watery fluid w/out
digestive enzymes that help when
pancreatic and liver enzymes enter.
• Large
LargeIntestine
Intestine contains:
• mucous cells (goblet cells)
secrete mucous--does not contain
enzymes for digestion
Accessory Organs
• Pancreas
Pancreatic amylase: in pancreatic juice
• breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase: in pancreatic juice
• breaks down triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol
Pancreatic nucleases: in pancreatic juice
• breaks down nucleic acids into
nucleotides
Trypsin, chymotrypsin and
carboxypeptidase: in pancreatic juice
• breaks bonds between particular amino
acids
• must work in combination with each
other
Controlled by hormones: secretin and
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Liver
• Secretes
bile: bile salts, pigments,
cholesterol and electrolytes
• bile salts: only digestive function
• break down fat globules into smaller
droplets= emulsification
• helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K)
See Table 15.6, p. 424 for the Intestinal
Absorption of Nutrients
Fat absorption
• Helps regulate blood glucose levels by
storing and converting glycogen
• oxidizes fatty acids, synthesizes
lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol
• converts carbs to fats
• deaminate amino acids to form urea
• synthesizes plasma proteins (clotting
factors)
• converts amino acids to other aa
• stores iron, vitamins A, D, and B12
• phagocytizes antigens, destroys old RBCs
Enzyme Action
3
Anatomy and Physiology Sem 2 Pig Dissection May 12 to 16.notebook
05/12/14
Ch 17: Urinary System
May 12, 2014
131
Objective: Students will be able to describe
the location and structure of the kidney in
order to explain kidney function.
A. Calyces
B. Hilum of Kidney
C. Nephron
D. Renal Column
E. Renal Cortex
F. Renal Papilla
G. Renal Pelvis
H. Renal Pyramid
I. Renal Sinus
Blank page
May 17­9:04 AM
05/12/14
05/12/14
Ch 17: Urinary System
Ch 17: Urinary System
134
Objective: Students will be able to describe
the how kidney functions are regulated.
Regulation of Kidney Functions
Filtration
Filtration rate will increase when too many
body fluids, and decrease when too few
changes in diameters of vessels
afferent
sympathetic nerve impulses--cause
constriction of afferent arteriole
Filtration Rate
132
Objective: Students will be able to describe
the nephron and the function of its major
parts.
efferent
constricts, blood backs up
Filtration Rate
plasma osmotic pressure
Filtration Rate
Enzyme and Hormone Action
Reabsorption
Aldosterone (adrenal glands)
stimulates tubular reabsorption
of Na+ (which increases H 2O
reabsorption)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (neurons of
hyypothalamus) when decrease in blood V
Increased permeability of tubule
to water, so it is reabsorbed,
urine volume decreases, solute
concentrations increase
Secretion
Aldosterone (adrenal glands)
stimulates secretion of K+
Blank page
Regulation of Kidney Functions
Control
Center
Brain
(Sympathetic Pathway)
Effectors
Receptors
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
(ANP)
Heart
Stimulus
10
Response
Na+ excretion increases
Blood volume raises
9
High
Normal
Low
Drop in Cl-, K+, Na+
Vasoconstriction,
Aldosterone secretion, Thirst
Stimulus
Response
Macula densa
(distal convoluted tubule)
Angiotensin II
Receptors
Effectors
Brain
(Sympathetic Pathway)
Control
Center
Negative Feedback Kidney
nephron
4