Download BIO 1109 – Principles of Biology Midterm examination 2 Worth either

BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
BIO 1109 – Principles of Biology
Midterm examination 2
Worth either 20% or 30% of your final grade
Wednesday November 6, 2002
a) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be sure that your
name is on the top of each page because the exam may be separated to facilitate
marking
b) Check to be sure that your exam is complete with a total of 13 pages including this
one
c) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not transfer answers to
the back of the page
d) This is not an open book examination.
Name: ..........................................................................................................
Student No:..................................................................................................
Page 1 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
15 pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following biological terms means. Where
possible include an example to which the term applies.
Intracellular digestion
C3 plant
Cladistics
Anaerobic metabolism
Codominance
Page 2 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
25 pts Part 2 Answer each of the following multiple choice questions by placing and X
in the space to the left of the correct choice. There is only one correct answer for each
question and questions have either 4, 5 or 6 answers to choose from. Be sure your X
doesn’t cross over two answers – if it does the question will be scored as 0.
2.1 Which of the following is/are true about natural selection?
_________ a. It acts on genotypes rather than phenotypes.
_________ b. It assures the survival of each fit individual.
_________ c. On average, it favors the survival of more young with adaptive
characteristics.
_________ d. It always selects for more complex forms.
_________ e. All of the above are correct.
2.2 Which level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves the life span of
the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes?
_________ a. feedback control
_________ b. translational control
_________ c. transcriptional control
_________ d. posttranscriptional control
_________ e. posttranslational control
2.3 Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the
primitive reducing atmosphere?
_________ a. water vapor (H2O)
_________ b. carbon dioxide (CO2)
_________ c. hydrogen (H2)
_________ d. oxygen (O2)
_________ e. nitrogen (N2)
2.4 Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is
_________ a. used to drive another exergonic reaction.
_________ b. used to drive an endergonic reaction.
_________ c. lost as nonusable heat to the environment.
_________ d. used to decrease the entropy of the universe.
_________ e. All of the above are correct.
2.5 Sunlight arrives at a plant in units of light energy called
_________ a. protons.
_________ b. photons.
_________ c. electrons.
_________ d. wavelengths.
Page 3 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
2.6 Which statement is NOT true about photosystems?
_________ a. Photosystem I passes electrons on to Photosystem II.
_________ b. Each photosystem contains numerous pigment molecules that act as
antennas to capture light.
_________ c. Photosystem I contains a reaction center molecule that absorbs light best
around 700 nm, so it is called P700.
_________ d. Electrons in the reaction center molecule are excited by absorbed photons
of light and are passed along to an acceptor molecule.
2.7 An enhancer site is
_________ a. part of an operon.
_________ b. found only in prokaryotes.
_________ c. located at a distance from the gene it affects.
_________ d. an attachment site for RNA polymerase.
2.8 All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area at the same time are
known as a
_________ a. subspecies.
_________ b. gene pool.
_________ c. population.
_________ d. group.
_________ e. sub-population.
2.9 Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?
_________ a. Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter.
_________ b. Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy
form to another.
_________ c. Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter.
_________ d. Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs.
2.10 Natural selection was independently proposed as a means of evolution by Darwin
and
_________ a. Lyell.
_________ b. Wallace.
_________ c. LeClerc.
_________ d. Lamarck.
2.11 The carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in
_________ a. glycolysis.
_________ b. the electron transport system.
_________ c. lactate fermentation.
_________ d. the Krebs cycle.
Page 4 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
2.12 Why are plants green?
_________ a. They absorb only green wavelengths of light.
_________ b. They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light.
_________ c. They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light.
_________ d. They reflect green wavelengths of light.
_________ e. They reflect yellow and blue wavelengths of light.
2.13 What is the blending theory of inheritance?
_________ a. Mendel's theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring
through the gametes
_________ b. Darwin's theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parent's
body into the gamete to be transmitted to the offspring
_________ c. the modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to
offspring
_________ d. an old theory that said that offspring show traits intermediate between
those of the parents
2.14 Cutting off the tails of mice over several generations should cause the tails of their
offspring to become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?
_________ a. Darwin
_________ b. Lamarck
_________ c. Cuvier
_________ d. Lyell
2.15 The biological species concept [by Ernst Mayr] defines a species in the textbook as a
group of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other such
groups. However, such a definition cannot be used for
_________ a. fossils.
_________ b. asexual organisms.
_________ c. determining species based on dead or preserved specimens.
_________ d. All of the above pose problems for the biological species concept.
2.16 The first process in breaking down glucose is
_________ a. the Krebs cycle.
_________ b. glycolysis.
_________ c. the electron transport system.
_________ d. fermentation.
_________ e. the transition reaction.
Page 5 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
2.17 Birds and insects both have wings, but we do not consider this similarity as evidence
of relatedness because
_________ a. bird wings function on different physics principles of lift.
_________ b. insect wings are vestigial.
_________ c. the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin.
_________ d. they did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period.
_________ e. there is no fossil link between these groups.
2.18 If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met, what is the net effect?
_________ a. evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging
environment
_________ b. evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing
environment
_________ c. very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation
_________ d. no evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same
2.19 If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two
populations will
_________ a. become more similar in their gene pools.
_________ b. become isolated from each other.
_________ c. develop into different species.
_________ d. adapt to different conditions and become separate.
2.20 Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?
_________ a. variation in the population
_________ b. inheritance of variation through genetic differences
_________ c. differential reproduction so that more fit individuals have more offspring
_________ d. accumulation of adaptive traits so that they increase in the population
_________ e. all of the above
2.21 The primary energy carrier between the Krebs cycle and the electron transport
system is
_________ a. NADH.
_________ b. ADP.
_________ c. FADH2.
_________ d. H2O.
_________ e. CO2.
Page 6 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
2.22 Which statement is NOT true about the RNA-first hypothesis?
_________ a. It is supported by the discovery that RNA can act as a catalyst.
_________ b. It is supported by the fact that some viruses have RNA as their genetic
material.
_________ c. It suggests that there was an "RNA world" about 4 billion years ago.
_________ d. It says that first RNA, then DNA, then proteins would have been
necessary to interact in the chemical evolution that would have led to the development of
the first cells.
2.23 The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by
the actions of enzymes in the
_________ a. protein-first hypothesis.
_________ b. RNA-first hypothesis.
_________ c. clay-catalyst hypothesis.
_________ d. chloroplast.
2.24 The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would show the genotype(s)
_________ a. AA and Aa.
_________ b. Aa and aa.
_________ c. AA, Aa, and aa.
_________ d. AA only.
_________ e. aa only.
2.25 The evolution of organisms in the five kingdoms is most accurately described by
which sequence?
_________ a. Monera to Protists to Plants, from Plants separately to both Animals and
Fungi
_________ b. Monera to Fungi to Protists to Plants to Animals
_________ c. Monera to Protists, from Protists separately to Fungi, Plants and Animals
_________ d. Protists to Monera to Fungi, from Fungi separately to Plants and Animals
_________ e. Monera to Protists, separately to Animals and Plants with Fungi a loss of
plant photosynthesis
Page 7 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
30 pts Part 3: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms
3.1 Electron transport system is found on this part of mitochondria. ______________
3.2 If both extremes of variation are selected for then this type of selection occurs.
__________________
3.3 Photosynthesis shuts down in the presence of oxygen, especially when the stomata
are closed and this occurs. _________________
3.4 Densely packed chromatin. __________________
3.5 The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH and this high energy compound as
well.___________________
3.6 Botanists preferred to use this to describe what other disciplines called phyla, that's
changing though. ________________
3.7 The number of carbons in the unstable intermediate at the start of light independent
reactions of photosynthesis. ________________
3.8 This part of an enzyme binds the substrate. _______________
3.9 Glycolysis occurs in this cellular location. __________________
3.10 In anaerobic respiration pyruvate is converted into this. ________________
3.11 Chemical energy is found in these types of chemical bonds. _______________
3.12 Number of carbons in the products of glycolysis. __________________
3.13 Type of mutation where a single nucleotide change codes for the stop codon.
___________________
3.14 These break down proteins during digestion. __________________
3.15 In bacterial systems this binds to the promoter. _________________
3.16 Taxon below a phylum but above an order. ________________
3.17 Animals can tolerate, and function in a wide range of temperatures without
experiencing problems. __________________
3.18 Transcription occurs only in this type of chromatin. _______________
Page 8 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
3.19 In the cyclic pathway in photosynthesis what is cycling?________________
3.20 Different species of fireflies have unique flash sequences for the light they use to
attract a mate. It's an example of this type of species isolation mechanism.
_____________
3.21 The first law of genetics uses this term to explain how alleles are divided between
gametes. _________________
3.22 This type of taxonomy results in lists of different organisms. __________________
3.23 As the concentration of substrate an enzyme uses rise its activity does this.
__________________
3.24 When the gene sequence along a chromosome changes from abcdefg to
abcdecdefg.____________________
3.25 Genetic drift isn't as likely in these populations. _____________________
3.26 The first part of the binomen, a species’ name. ______________________
3.27 These are the primary pigments for capturing light energy in plants.
_________________
3.28 Synonym for traditional taxonomies. ___________________
3.29 Regulation of body temperature. ____________________
3.30 The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is expressed as its _________ .
20 pts Part 4: Indicate whether the following statements are true of false by placing a T
(true) or F (false) in the space provided at the beginning of the statement.
4.1 ___ All organisms produce heat during their metabolic processes.
4.2 ___ Evidence for the three domain system comes from sequencing the rRNA that
changes slowly during evolution.
4.3 ___ The carrier molecules of the electron transport system are located in the cytosol.
4.4 ___ Mendel's work was widely accepted and praised when he reported his results.
4.5 ___ An allele that affects more than one characteristic is said to exhibit epistasis.
Page 9 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
4.6 ___ All genes are active at the same time in a prokaryotic cell, but not in a
eukaryotic cell.
4.7 ___ In cellular metabolism, chemical reactions occur randomly in various parts of
the cell, as chemicals happen to bump into each other.
4.8 ___ The DNA of a prokaryote is wrapped around histone molecules to form a
"beaded string."
4.9 ___ Linnaeus, who developed the binomial system of naming species, was a strong
supporter of the theory of evolution.
4.10 __ Sex chromosomes only contain genes coding for sexual characteristics.
4.11 __ The highest concentration of hydrogen ions in the mitochondria is in the
intermitochondrial space.
4.12 __ Gene mutation occurs at any time, without respect to the mutation's adaptive
value or benefit to the organism.
4.13 __ The term "organic soup" refers to the ancient oceans before life formed, in
which organic molecules such as amino acids accumulated.
4.14 __ The ratio Mendel obtained from his monohybrid cross was approximately
9:3:3:1.
4.15 __ In a case of incomplete dominance, the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation is
the same as the genotypic ratio.
4.16 __ Chlorophyll b is the pigment most involved in the reaction centers of
photosystems.
4.17 __ A cladogram is the name of a taxonomic category into which organisms are
placed when their evolutionary relationships to each other are being investigated.
4.18 __ A gene can only produce one kind of product in an organism, no matter in
which cell it is active.
4.19 __ Once proteins are made and functional, they are no longer subject to cellular
control.
4.20 __ Acceptance of the Three Domain system would require a complete
reorganization of the Five Kingdom classification.
Page 10 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
15 pts Part 5: Answer 3 of the following 6 questions in the space provided, each is worth
5 points
5.1 Describe the planet earth during the Hadean eon be sure to include what identifies the start
and the end of the eon.
OR
Pesticide and drug resistance are a form of selection, explain why.
5.2 What is allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation, how do they differ from each other?
OR
What are prezygotic isolation mechanisms?
OR
What are postzygotic isolation mechanisms?
Page 11 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
5.3 How does gradual evolution differ from punctuated?
OR
What is convergent and divergent evolution, how do they differ from each other?
5.4 Trace carbons through one of the following: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, or the Calvin cycle.
OR
What is chemiosmosis?
OR
C3 plants solve a photosynthetic problem. What’s the problem and what is each type of plants
solution?
Page 12 of 13
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam –November 6, 2002
Name: _____________________________ Student Number:____________________
5.5How is countercurrent exchange used in thermoregulation?
OR
Cold blooded and warm blooded aren’t suitable scientific terms what is/are better way(s) to
describe thermoregulation in animals?
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