Download The Korean War

The Korean War
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TEKS
1(B), 6(E), 6(H), 9(B), 14(C), 25(D)
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The United States fought communism in a “hot” war in Korea from 1950 to 1953.
Following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union temporarily agreed
that the Soviet army would occupy Korean territory north of the 38th parallel, the
line running across the midsection of the Korean peninsula, while the Americans
would occupy South Korea.
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Communist North Korea invaded the south, and United States and UN troops fought to push the North
Koreans back. Heading the combined forces was U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, a World War II hero
and strong anti-Communist. When UN forces pushed the North Koreans close to the Chinese border,
General MacArthur ignored a Chinese warning not to advance and Chinese troops poured into Korea,
forcing a UN retreat. Determined to rid Asia of communism, MacArthur opposed the President’s policy of
a limited war. Truman eventually removed MacArthur from command.
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Americans were frustrated by the Korean War. However, the
Communists were contained behind the 38th parallel, and a nuclear war
had been avoided.
In addition, for the first time, African American and white troops fought
side by side in the same units.
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At the end of World War II, Korea gained its independence from Japan, which had ruled Korea since 1910. Following the
war, Korea was split into two zones along the 38th parallel. In 1948 North Korea set up a communist government, while
South Korea established a noncommunist government. In June 1950 the North Korean army invaded South Korea.
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President Harry Truman ordered U.S. troops to lead U.N. forces in the defense of
South Korea. Communist Chinese troops later joined the war on the side of North
Korea. The Korean War lasted until mid-1953, when a cease-fire was signed. Neither
side achieved a clear victory, and the new border between South Korea and North
Korea was not far from the old one along the 38th parallel.
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The Korean War increased defense spending tremendously. By 1960 a
strong military-industrial complex had evolved in the United States,
employing millions. The Korean War also impelled the United States to
sign a peace treaty with Japan to help maintain a balance of power in
Asia. But relations with China were poisoned for years to come.
The Korean War
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1.How did Communist expansion in Asia set the stage for the Korean War?
2.Who fought in the Korean War, and what were the three stages of the
war?
3.What were the effects of the Korean War?
Communist Expansion in Asia
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The Chinese Civil War
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Civil war began in the mid-1920s and intensified after World War II.
Mao Zedong won support for the Communists by redistributing land and offering schooling and healthcare.
Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party lost support because of harsh treatment of the population, high taxes, and corruption.
When the Communists took power in 1949, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan.
The Division of Korea
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World War II ended before a plan could be made for Korean independence from Japan.
Korea was temporarily divided at the thirty-eighth parallel, the latitude line running through approximately the midpoint of the peninsula.
A pro-American government formed in South Korea, while a Communist government formed in North Korea.
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The Korean Conflict
In June 1950, the Korean War broke out when North Korean troops invaded South Korea, aiming to reunite the
nation by force.
A UN resolution, which passed because the Soviets were not there to veto it, called on member states to defend
South Korea and restore peace. Roughly 80 percent of the troops who served in the resulting UN police action were
American.
By attacking North Korean supply lines, General Douglas MacArthur was able to gain an advantage and push north.
However, a stalemate developed after China helped the North Koreans push the UN forces back into South Korea.
A truce signed in 1953 left Korea again divided near the thirty eighth parallel.
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The Effects of the Korean War
Post-Korean War Changes in America
Warfare — Limited war, limited victory
Integration of the Military — First war in which white Americans and African Americans served in the
same units
Increased Power of the Military — A military-industrial complex developed as the military
established links with the corporate and scientific communities.
Foreign Policy in Asia — September 1951 peace treaty signed with Japan; relations worsen with
Communist China
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The Korean War—Assessment
What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?
(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.
(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.
(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.
(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.
Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?
(A) To support South Korea and restore peace
(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea
(C) To help China defend its border
(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea
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The Korean War—Assessment
What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?
(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.
(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.
(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.
(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.
Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?
(A) To support South Korea and restore peace
(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea
(C) To help China defend its border
(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea
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QUIZ
Put your name, date, and period on a piece of binder paper – number it 1 to 10.
Make sure to title the quiz.
Complete the quiz.
QUIZ
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Work
Look over your notes from today.
1. Answer the 3 questions from today’s lecture.
2. In five sentences, write a brief summary of what we went over in class today. Use the highlighted key
terms in your summary!
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Title the paper the same as the Lecture Notes.
Make sure to put your Name, Date, and Period in the upper right hand corner of your page.
Turn this in at the beginning of class tomorrow – put it in the hand-in/collection basket.
Worth 25 out of 100 points for this week’s Daily grade.
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