Download Second Study Questions

BSC 2010 Study questions-2nd exam
(These questions are intended help you to focus your studying and do not include every topic covered . You are
ultimately responsible for all information that was given in class)
1. What are the characteristics of energy and how are they defined by the laws of thermodynamics?
2. Do you understand which of these terms belong together; more organized energy, less organized energy,
spontaneous, non- spontaneous, exergonic, endergonic , - ∆G, + ∆G, decreased free energy, increased free
energy ? . Can you apply these terms to the reactions involving the breakdown and synthesis of a molecule like
maltose?
3. Why does ATP have unusually high free energy and how is it released? How do cells make endergonic
reactions happen?
4. What is activation energy and how does an enzyme affect it? What is a substrate and an active site? How
specific are enzymes with regard to substrate? What factors affect enzyme active sites and activity?
5. What is diffusion (passive transport) ? What differs between simple and facilitated diffusion? What are two
types of facilitated diffusion? What are examples of simple diffusion and the two types of facilitated diffusion?
6. What is osmosis? Can you predict the behavior of osmosis under different conditions of dissolved substances
and water concentration inside and outside the cell (e.g. cells in freshwater , salt water , blood) ? Can you
define conditions outside the cell that are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic compared to the inside?
7. What is active transport and what does the Na+ /K+ pump do ?
8. What is bulk transport? Can you distinguish and give examples of phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor
mediated endocytosis, and exocytosis?
9. What defines oxidation and reduction? Are they exergonic or endergonic? what effect does each have on C-C
and C-H bonds? What is the role of electron carrier coenzymes in redox reactions?
( A HANDOUT pertains to questions 10 and 11)
10. What is the overall reaction for oxidative respiration? What are the net products of stage I- glycolysis? What
happens in the reactions between glycolysis ( Stage I) and citric acid cycle ( stage II) that convert pyruvic acid
to Acetyl CoA ? What goes into and comes out of Stage II ( citric acid cycle)? What happens in stage IIIoxidative phosphorylation ? Why is O2 needed? What provides the energy to assemble ATP?
11. How much ATP is made per molecule of glucose in each of the successive stages (I,II,III) of aerobic
respiration?
12. How does energy from other nutrients ( polysaccharides, triglycerides, proteins) enter the pathway of
aerobic respiration?
13. In anaerobic fermentation, what reactions cause the assembly of ATP? How much ATP per molecule of
glucose is formed? Why are the reactions that convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol necessary for
1
anaerobic fermentation to continue ? Do you know the difference between the reactions leading to lactic acid
and the reactions leading to ethanol ?
14. What is the overall reaction that occurs in photosynthesis?
15. What does chlorophyll do? What is the arrangement of the stroma, granum , thylakoid and photosystems
within chloroplasts ?
16. What is the pattern of flow of electrons through the photosystems? How do electrons enter the
photosystems and how do they leave? What are the overall products of the flow of electrons through the
photosystems ? How is ATP assembled? ( HANDOUT)
17. What happens in the Calvin cycle?
2