* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download WWII
Collaboration with the Axis Powers wikipedia , lookup
Operation Torch wikipedia , lookup
German military administration in occupied France during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Appeasement wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands wikipedia , lookup
World War II and American animation wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Operation Bodyguard wikipedia , lookup
Historiography of the Battle of France wikipedia , lookup
Economy of Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Military history of Greece during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Technology during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Mediterranean wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
American Theater (World War II) wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
FOR YOUR EYES ONLY Germany Started It!! Germany Starts the War Hitler made non-aggression pact with Russia 1939 (agreed to not attack each other and to divide Poland between them) Hitler INVADED Poland successfully on Sept. 1, 1939 and eastern Poland was taken by Russia (as planned) Hitler’s new military tactic was BLITZKRIEG (lightning war) Phony War Phony war (Sitzkrieg – sitting war) September of 1939-April 1940 British and French Troops mobilized to the Maginot Line (French-German border) Germans were opposite them at the Siegfried Line Ended when Hitler invaded and took Denmark, then Norway Invasion of France: May 1940 Germans moved through Belgium into the ARDENNES (heavily wooded forest) as they advanced, reaching the N coast of France in 10 days May 26, 1940 – Allied forces trapped between the city of Lille and the Atlantic Ocean Evacuation of Dunkirk-British naval ships along with private vessels (fishing boats, yachts, and anything else that floated) crossed the English Channel under heavy fire and rescued the troops trapped on the beaches (ONE OF THE MOST HEROIC ACTS OF THE WAR) Invasion of France: May 1940 (cont’d) June 1940-France fell in 14 days Germany controlled northern France directly Puppet Government (under German oversight) was set up in Vichy (southern France) Resistance or Free France under Charles de Gaulle was set up in Great Britain Battle of Britain Hitler’s Strategies : Battle of Britain (BLITZ) and Operation Sea Lion June 1940-May 1941 Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain Luftwaffe bombed airbases and factories to soften up England for a land invasion Even though they were greatly outnumbered by the Luftwaffe, British RAF did stop the Luftwaffe due to 2 secret weapons Enigma-code breaking machine (translated German secret messages) Radar- tracked incoming Luftwaffe raids and RAF scrambled to intercept them. Operation Sea Lion – Knock out the RAF first (Blitz) then land 250,000 German troops on Great Britain Continued until May 10, 1941 when a stunned Hitler realized that British resistance would force him to call off his plans to invade Britain Triple Axis Japan joined the Axis powers –Hitler declared Triple Axis-Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Africa Campaign Africa Campaign -- Feb, 1941 Commander Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) and German tank forces (Afrika Korps) swept across North Africa in an attempt to seize Egypt and the Suez Canal Attacked British at Agheila (near Alexandria) and won British forces retreated 500 miles to the east to Tobruk, Algeria Operation Barbarossa Hitler’s next major move --- Operation Barbarossa (June 22,1941-December,1941) Invasion of the Soviet Union(used same route and timing as Napoleon) Communists (Soviet Union) joined the Allies (democracies) and fought back against the Germans which allowed the British time to recover from the Blitz and strengthen forces Russians used scorched-earth policy as they retreated 500 miles into Russia (like Napoleon) Battle of Leningrad- People of Leningrad held out against the Germans even though they were starving. Battle of Stalingrad- First Allied victory in February of 1942 Hitler’s troops were not allowed to retreat, had nothing but light-weight summer uniforms, and thousands froze to death (like Napoleon’s troops) Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill drew up agreement for the following provisions: Self government-All peoples were entitled to choose Economic cooperation was intended to raise the world’s standard of living Ended the use of armed forces to settle international disputes SERVED AS ALLIES’ PEACE PLAN AT END OF WW II US Enters War!! Japanese-US relations worsened in summer of 1941 US gradually shut off shipping to Japan-Iron and Steel scraps Japan had taken Manchuria during the RussoJapanese War and now used it as a base to attack China Japan also took SE Asia Japan demanded that US stop aiding China Japan demanded that US resume trade with them. US Enters War!! (cont’d) Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the American Naval Base at Pearl Harbor under the direction of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in order to have no opposition in the Pacific US lost most of their Pacific Fleet US held Philippine Islands were attacked on the same day Bataan Death March – American and Filipino prisoners (150,000) were forcibly marched to their detention camp and many died or were executed on the way US Congress declared war on Japan on December 8th and joined the Allied Powers President Roosevelt referred to December 7, 1941 as a “date that will live in infamy” Victory in Europe! (1942-1945) North Africa to Italy Rommel took Tobruk from the Allies in June 1942 October 1942-British Army under General Montgomery (Monty) defeated the Germans and Italians in a surprise attack at El Alamein (west of Alexandria) Nov 1942 Allied forces under American General Eisenhower invaded North Africa and moved eastward during OPERATION TORCH May 1943 General Rommel’s (Desert Fox) Afrika Korps were defeated by Eisenhower and Monty Sept 1943 Allied troops began the invasion of Sicily and Italy Victory in Europe! (cont’d) Russian Counter offensive Battle of Stalingrad –Jan 1943 Soviets defeated the German army-1st Allied victory in Europe and PUT GERMANY ON THE DEFENSIVE FOR THE FIRST TIME Russians began to drive the German armies back through Eastern Europe (July 1944 as far as Warsaw, Poland) 1945-Russians reached Eastern Germany and approached Berlin on May 1st Victory in Europe! (cont’d) Invasion of France (D-Day) Operation Overlord June 6, 1944 American and British forces commanded by General Eisenhower crossed the English Channel from Britain and landed at Normandy in Northern France, suffered great casualties but still managed to secure a position on the beach and then moved inland against the Germans German Army was well entrenched along the French Belgium Coast and fought the Allied advance fiercely Allies liberated Paris in July of 1944 Allied forces moved towards Germany from the west while the Soviet Army advanced from the east, which created a 2-front war (Hitler’s worse nightmare) Victory in Europe! (cont’d) Battle of the Bulge-Germans pushed through the Ardennes in a final attempt to break Allied supply lines Germans drove a 50 mile wedge into Allied Lines (the Bulge) but were eventually pushed back by the Allies April 25, 1945 Soviets surrounded Berlin, arrived before the Americans and took the city May 1, 1945 Hitler committed suicide May 6, 1945- Americans entered Berlin. May 7, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted Germany’s surrender and V-E Day (Victory in Europe) was May 8th when the surrender was officially signed in Berlin Victory in the Pacific!! (1942-1945) April 1942 – 16 bombers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle bombed Tokyo and other major Japanese cities Little damage was done but the raids showed that Japan itself could be attacked First Japanese losses were May – June 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) where American and Australian naval fleets attacked Battle of Midway (June 1942)-Yamamoto was onboard one of the many ships that were sunk by American ships under Admiral Nimitz Nimitz was outnumbered 4-1 and still managed a victory using aircraft carriers and planes This victory marked the beginning of the Allied Offensive in the Pacific Victory in the Pacific!! (cont’d) August 1942-Gen. Macarthur adopted the strategy of “Island Hopping” (strategy to take undefended islands closer to Japan) to protect American forces as they began to drive towards Japan US took only islands they needed and faced extreme resistance but the US seized: Battle of Guadalcanal-Solomon Islands—US and Japan suffered huge casualties Gilbert, Marshall and Carolina Islands and Guam 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf-victory marked US return to Philippine Islands After Leyte Japan resorted to using kamikaze (suicide) pilots to crash into US ships to sink them January-Feb 1945 captured Iwo Jima and Okinawa- put US air force within bombing range of the Japanese Islands Atomic Bomb Atomic Bomb and Surrender of Japan Allies dropped leaflets written in Japanese which urged people to surrender and warned them of a terrible weapon US President Truman decided to drop the bombs in order to end the war quickly Aug 6, 1945 Dropped 1st Atomic Bomb on HiroshimaJapanese government refused to surrender Aug 9, 1945 Dropped 2nd Atomic bomb on Nagasaki Japan Surrendered unconditionally on August 14th 1945 September 2, 1945 General Douglas MacArthur accepted the Japanese surrender aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay V-J Day – Victory in Japan – Sept 2, 1945 marked the end of the Pacific campaign and the end of World War II THE US ARMY OCCUPIED AND CONTROLLED JAPAN UNTIL THEY BECAME A DEMOCRACY. Holocaust Hitler blamed the Jews for the economic depression in Germany November, 1938 – KRISTALLNACHT (Night of broken glass) Jewish people and their property were viciously attacked by Hitler’s storm troopers which marked the beginning of official oppression of Jews Ghettos – sections of cities where Jews were interred in Poland Other targeted groups were Poles, gypsies, Russians and anyone deemed mentally or physically unfit Holocaust (cont’d) Concentration Camps – used as a source of slave labor in Germany and Poland -- eventually became extermination camps equipped with gas chambers and crematoriums Final Solution- August 1941- Hitler began wholesale genocide of non Aryan peoples specifically Jews Six million Jews and 6 million non-Jews were exterminated Allied troops liberated concentration camps as they moved through Europe and exposed they world to the horrors of the camps