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Biology Benchmark #1 Study Guide Unit 1 Biochemistry 1. Complete the following table: Macromolecule Protein Monomer Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Function Hereditary Material 2. What macromolecule are enzymes made of? __________________________________ 3. What happens to enzymes if they are exposed to high temperatures or acid? _________________________ 4. What is an enzymes active site? _______________________what does it bind to? ____________________ Why is its shape important? _________________________________________________________________ 5. What do enzymes do?___________________________________ How? _____________________________ 6. Explain each of the following characteristics of water. Adhesion __________________________________________________________________________ Cohesion __________________________________________________________________________ Capillary Action _____________________________________________________________________ 7. What part of the experiment does the scientist change (want to test)?__________________________ 8. What part of the experiment does the scientist measure? ____________________________________ 9. What is qualitative data? _______________________ Quantitative? ________________________ Unit 2 Cell Biology 1. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? ___________________________________________, ___________________________________, ___________________________________________ 1 Biology Benchmark #1 Study Guide 2. Compare and Contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryote 3. Complete the following table: Organelle Function Control center Prokaryote Cell membrane Makes protein chloroplast lysosome Makes energy storage 4. Describe the process of cellular respiration. _______________________________________________ where does it occur (organelle)? _________________ Plant or Animal?_________________ 5. Describe the process of photosynthesis. __________________________________________________ Where does it occur (organelle)? _________________Plant or Animal? __________________ 6. Identify each reaction: 6CO2+6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 ____________________________________ 6CO2+6H2O ____________________________________ 7. What is the difference between active and passive transport? ______________________________ 8. What are the 3 types of active transport? _______________________________________________ 2 Biology Benchmark #1 Study Guide 9. What are the 3 types of passive transport? ______________________________________________ 10. Draw arrows to show the direction of water for each of the following. Include dots for salt concentration. Hypotonic Solution Isotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution 11. Which two types of transport require transport proteins? ________________ & __________________ Unit 3 Cell Division 1. What are the 4 stages of mitosis? What happens in each stage? Stage 2. 3. 4. What Happens? 6. 7. 8. 5. 9. 10. What is crossing over?______________________________________ 11. When does crossing over occur? _____________________________ 12. When a cell is not dividing, what stage is it in? __________________ 13. What stages does the cytoplasm split? _______________________ 14. How many daughter cells are made after mitosis? _________ Meiosis? ________ 15. If a parent cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have after mitosis? _________ Is this diploid or haploid? ____________ 16. If a parent cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have after meiosis? _________ Is this diploid or haploid? ____________ 17. What is a zygote? ____________________________________________ 3 Biology Benchmark #1 Study Guide Unit 4 Genetics 1. Tallness in pea plants is dominant. Cross 2 heterozygous pea plants. Draw a punnet square to the right. What are the genotypes & their percentages? __________________________ What are the phenotypes & their percentages? _________________________ 2. Flower color exhibits incomplete dominance in snapdragons. Cross 2 pink flowers. Draw a punnet square to the right. What are the genotypes & their percentages?___________________________ What are the phenotypes & their percentages? _________________________ 3. What is a carrier? ____________________________________________________ 4. A karyotype of a normal human will show how many chromosomes? _______ Is this haploid or diploid?____ Unit 5 Molecular Biology 1. The following is a diagram of the central dogma, label each arrow and box. 2. In the above problem, where does each process (arrow) occur in the cell (organelle)? arrow 1 - _______________ arrow 2 - ________________arrow 3 -_______________ 3. What is a mutation? ____________________________________________________ 4. What causes mutations?_________________________________________________ a. What are the base pairing rules in DNA? RNA? DNA G pairs with ____ ____ RNA G pairs with _______ A pairs with _________ A pairs with _______ 5. What is genetic engineering? _____________________________________________ 4