Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Exercise is very important. It is one of our everyday life activities. It helps keep our body fit and healthy. Many systems help us in exercise. The three most important systems are the Respiratory system, Circulatory system and Muscular system. The first system involved in exercise is the respiratory system. This system is the reason we breathe. Breathing The first thing that happens in the respiratory system is you inhale (breathe in) oxygen and you exhale (breathe out) carbon dioxide. It is vital we breathe all the time or you will die.You breathe nearly every second. After you breathe, the air travels down your trachea (windpipe) to your lungs, in the trachea there are tiny hairs called cillia, these hairs catch mucus and dirt. The hairs move gently as air brushes it. The trachea is connected from your mouth and nose to your lungs. The diaphram is a dome shaped mucsle that makes us breathe,this muscle is located under the lungs.The muscle contracts (flatens out) when you breathe in and the lungs expand. The diaphram relaxes when you breathe out and the lungs deflate. Lungs The lungs are the main organ in the respiratory system. The lungs are pink and squishy, the left lung is smaller than the right to make room for the heart. The lungs are in the chest behind the ribcage. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and they rest on top of the diaphram. The first part in the lungs is the bronchus, this is the part that spilts the trachea into two, one to each lung. This is the main tube to the lungs. It allows air to enter both lungs. The part after that is the bronchiloes, they connect to your bronchi. A bronchiole is the thickness of a hair. They get smaller and smaller and there is 30,000 in each lung. It transfers air to and from the alveoli. The last part in the lung is alveoli. There is a clump at the end of each bronchiole. There are 600,000,000 in the lungs. They are tiny air sacks and fill up with air when you breathe in. Alveoli allows oxygen to pass into the blood. They are surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capilliares. Blood Blood is also a part of the respiratory system. Capilliares are blood vessels that surround the alveoli and they are small enough to have blood cells in a single line. Oxygen is transfered to the blood cells the blood transports the oxygen. At the same time carbon dioxide is transferred into the lungs for disposal. Exercise When you exercise your Respiratory system accelerates. Your body needs more oxygen and you breathe faster and deeper. You breathe 3 litres of air or more, 50 times or more, a minute Another system involved in exercise is the circulatory system (also known as the cardiovascilar system). Heart The most important part in the heart circulatory system is the heart, the heart is located to the left of your chest so it can be closer to the organs. All the organs need oxygen, so it can pump blood to the upper body easier. It is behind the rib cage to provide protetion. The heart is behind the left lung because of that the left lung is smaller. The heart is the size of it owners fist, the is a hollow bag and it’s a muscle called the Cardiac muscsle. It is a special muscle because it is different to other muscles. The muscle fibres are in a special pattern, it is a spiral shape instead of straight so it can be easier to pump and makes it stronger. Next there is the parts in the heart, the heart has four different parts that it can pump to, there is the left side and the right side. The left atrium gets oxygenated blood from the lungs. The valve within the left side is the biscupid valve it is the valve between the atrium and the ventricle and it allows blood to enter the ventricle. The ventricle pumps blood to the aorta and then send it around the body. After that there is the right side, in the right side there is the right atrium it recieves deoxygenated blood from the body. In the right side there is the tricuspid valve it is the valve between the atrium and ventricle. It allows blood from the atrium into the ventricle then the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmanary artery, whitch takes it to the lungs to be oxygenated. Did you know there is nerves in your heart. There are two types of nervs one of them is the sympathetic nerves, it tells the heart to beat and tells your heart rate to increase in speed when needed.after that there is the parasympatic nerve, it is a part of the braking system and tells your heart to slow down. They are a part of the autonomic nervous system and it work automatical all the time. 3 Circulations There are 3 circulations in the circulatory system, one of them is coranary circulation. It is circulation of blood around the heart,coranary vessels take blood around the heart. The second circulation is the pulmanary circulation, it carrys blood to and from the heart and lungs,bronchiole circulation of the lungs supplies blood to the tissue of the lungs like airways. The last is systemic circulation,it is circulation around the body and supplies the body’s cells with oxygen and nutrients and dispoes of waste. Blood vessels There are a lot of types of blood vessels,the first one is arteries it has 4 layers, the first is the tunica adventitiait is the outer layer. In contains nerve cells and connects blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients. The 2nd is the tunica media it is the muscular layer it is thicker because there is a higher presure and a elastic layer. The next is the tunica intima it is the inner layer it is made of endothelial cells lastly is the lumin it gets blood around the body quicker and has a higher presure they are not as wide as veins. The second blood vessel is the veins, they have the same structure as artires but there are some differences. The lumin is wider, because it has a lower presure and it has a thinner tunica media. It contains valves so it stops blood from going in the wrong direction. It acts like a resivor and allows blood to pool. It has a muscle pump, that helps blood to flow along. The last is cappilaries, it is the smallest blood vessel it doesn’t have 3 tunica layers but one layer of eneothelial cells. They allow oxygen and nutrients to enter body cellsand carbon dioxide to enter blood. The blood vessels in the body are a whitish colour. Veins in skin are a blue colour because light cant penatrate the skin in text books, veins are blue and artires are red to tell which is which. Artires are a part of the arterial system, artires are deep in your body so they can be protected. They transport oxygenated blood from the heart. There is a high presure coming from the heart and will squirt if you cut an artery.Arteries pulse with each beat of the heart and they keep getting smaller and smaller untill they become artioles,they are in the same place in all people. Artioles filter cappilaries with blood, cappilaries deposit oxygen and nutrients to cells. Cappilaries then transfer waste to the kidneys and carbon dioxide to the lungs for disposal. Viens are a part of the venous system they carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart to get oxygenated. If one is cut it will dribble, because there is a low presure they keep getting bigger from cappilaries they become venuoles then viens many viens, many veins lie just under your skin. Minor veins vary from person to person in the body. There are many important blood vessels around the heart. Firstly the pulmanary artery, pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmanary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart. The aorta is the largest artery in your body, it takes oxygenated blood to the body last of all is the vena cava’s they are the two main veins, the supirior vena cava returns blood from the upper body. The inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body. Blood Blood plays an important part in the circulatory system. The blood heats our body the heat comes from the busier organs and spreads the heat evenly around your body. There are 4 parts to the blood, the first part is the red blood cells they make our blood red and they take up after volume of blood. There are billions in blood. Red blood cells carry away carbon dioxide and take oxygen around the body. The next part is the white blood cells they are the biggest cells in the blood they clean blood and fight diseases. Although platelets are not blood cells they still play an important part in blood. They are the smallest in the blood so there are billions. But there main job is to clot blood when you have a cut. Plasma is a watery substance. It is what makes our blood a liquid blood carries nutriens to cells and waste to the kidneys in the plasma. It also carries body controled substances like hormones. Kidneys Kidneys are a part of the uinary system but are important to the circulatory system. Kidneys clean the blood they dispose waste through urine there most important job is to get rid of the waste that ends up in the blood. You can live without a kidney because you have a spare. They are in your back just below the middle, a kidney is the shape of a bean. In the kidney, there are 100,000 tiny filters called nephrons in the cortex. Kidneys transfer the waste to the ureter, a tube that lets urine trickle to the bladder. When we exercise our circulatory system increases in speed, and our heart beats faster and deeper bcause the heart needs to transport blood quicker. The sympatetic nerve tells the heart to beat faster. The body cells need more oxygen and nutrients and the body cells disposeof more waste, as they are working harder when we exercise. The last system involved in exercise is the muscular. It is a network of various muscle groups found all over your body. In your body you can find 3 types of muscles. Without them you would not be able to move they help your body to function . TYPES There are different types of muscles in the body one is the cardiac muscle it is the heart, it is classified as an involuntary muscle, it is smooth on the inside and skeletal on the outside. The second muscles are the involuntary muscles they are smooth muscles they are walls of hollow structure in the body e.g. intestines, stomach etc. They move without conscious thought and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, it is vital the body process like the heart beating, breathing and digesting. You need to survive. The last kind of muscles are voluntary muscles they are skeletal muscles. They move with thought it uses an impulse from the brain. Muscles are connected to bones they are used for moving. They move when needed and move in a different way. APPEARENCE Muscles are different therefore they look different. Smooth muscle have a smooth surface they are a red colour. Skletal muscles are different to smooth muscles, all muscles are the same on the inside but different on the outside. Most of the muscles are long and slim so they can contract. The pectorals are a fan shaped muscle. Some muscles are wide and broad. The gluteus maximise is the biggest muscle. The thigh muscle are 30 cm in length. There are different layers of muscle. The deep layer is the second layer, the layer under your skin is the superficial layer this is the first layer. Muscles are a red colour because blood flows through it. Half of the bodies weight is muscle there are more than 640 muscles in the body. Parts There are many parts to muscles. Firstly I will talk about skeletal muscles. There fibres are bundled together. Each one slightly smaller than a strand of hair. Each fibre has dozens of smaller fibrils. They are bounded together by a connective tissue ( epimysium). They are divided by a sheath (perimysium). Each muscle is made of thinner threads. Tendons are at the end of each bone. They are stronger than super glue. Smooth muscles are different to skletal muscles they don’t have tendons. The last muscle is the cardiac muscle it’s muscles are only found in the heart they are spiral shaped so they can squeeze blood. Movement Skletal muscles move without conscious thought. They are controlled by the brain, you think of the movement an impulse is sent from the brain. Muscles cannot get longer when muscles fibres contracts it shortens to about 70 precent of the relaxed length. Skletal muscles are very adaptable and tire easily and need a period of rest they use glucose as fuel. Smooth muscles work automatically. They are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscles are much slower than skletal muscles they wave like a motion in the same organs. Smooth muscles don’t tire. They keep working for long periods of time. The heart has the ability to move/work/pump spontaneously all day. Exercise When you exercise your muscles move quicker and your muscles need more glucose your fibres tear and become thicker. Although the Respiratory, Circulatory, Muscular system are the most important, many other systems also help during exercise. The Nervous system, tells everything to move, the Integumentary system (Skin system) helps when you’re too hot by making your body sweat also assist’s with movement and there are many more systems like the Urinary system which help dispose of physical waste.