Download Environmental Science Final Review Chapter 1 .1 • Define

Environmental Science Final Review
Chapter 1 .1
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Define environmental science and compare environmental science with ecology.
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List the five major fields of study that contribute to environmental science.
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Describe the major environmental effects of hunter-gatherers, the agricultural revolution, and
the Industrial Revolution.
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Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
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Classify environmental problems into three major categories.
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1.2
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Describe “The Tragedy of the Commons”.
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Explain the law of supply and demand.
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List three differences between developed and developing countries.
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Explain what sustainability is, and describe why it is a goal of environmental science.
Chapter 2.1
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List and describe the steps of the experimental method.
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Describe why a good hypothesis is not simply a guess.
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Describe the two essential parts of a good experiment.
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Describe how scientists study subjects in which experiments are not possible.
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Explain the importance of curiosity and imagination in science.
2.2
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Explain how scientists use statistics.
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Explain why the size of a statistical sample is important.
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Describe three types of models commonly used by scientists.
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Explain the relationship between probability and risk.
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Explain the importance of conceptual models and mathematical models
10.2
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Define and give examples of endangered and threatened species.
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Describe several ways that species are being threatened with extinction globally.
10.3
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Describe the main provisions of the Endangered Species Act.
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Discuss ways in which efforts to protect endangered species can lead to controversy.
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Describe three examples of worldwide cooperative efforts to prevent extinctions.
Chapter 3.1
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Describe the composition and structure of the Earth.
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Describe the Earth’s tectonic plates.
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Explain the main cause of earthquakes and their effects.
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Identify the relationship between volcanic eruptions and climate change.
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Describe how wind and water alter the Earth’s surface.
3.2
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Describe the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere.
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Describe the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere.
3.3
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Name the three major processes in the water cycle.
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Describe the properties of ocean water.
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Describe the two types of ocean currents.
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Explain how the ocean regulates Earth’s temperature.
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Explain the difference between open and closed systems.
Chapter 11.1
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Describe the distribution of Earth’s water resources.
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Explain why fresh water is one of Earth’s limited resources.
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Describe the distribution of Earth’s surface water.
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Describe the relationship between groundwater and surface water in a watershed.
11.2
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Explain how water is treated so that it can be used for drinking.
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Identify how water is used in homes, in industry, and in agriculture.
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Identify five ways that water can be conserved.
11.3
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Compare point-source pollution and nonpoint-source pollution.
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Classify water pollutants by five types.
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Explain why groundwater pollution is difficult to clean.
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Describe the major sources of ocean pollution, and explain the effects of pollution of
ecosystems.
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Describe the major laws designed to improve water quality in the United States.
Chapter 12.1
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Name five primary air pollutants, and give sources for each.
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Name the two major sources of air pollution in urban areas.
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Describe the way in which smog forms.
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Explain the way in which a thermal inversion traps air pollution.
12.2
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Describe three possible short-term effects and long-term effects of air pollution on human
health.
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Explain what causes indoor air pollution and how it can be prevented.
12.3
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Explain the causes of acid precipitation.
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Explain how acid precipitation affects plants, soils, and aquatic ecosystems.
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Describe three ways that acid precipitation affects humans.
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Describe ways that countries are working together to solve the problem of acid precipitation.
Chapter 20.1
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List five pollutants, their sources, and their possible effects on human health.
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Explain how scientists use toxicology and epidemiology.
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Explain how pollution can come from both natural sources and human activities.
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Describe the relationship between waste, pollution, and human health.
20.2
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Explain why the environment is an important factor in the spread of cholera.
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List two changes to the environment that can lead to the spread of infectious diseases.
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Explain what scientists mean when they say that certain viruses are emerging.